A 10 comprehensive chronicle of China folk literature and art edited by experts and scholars such as Lu Ji, Zhang Geng, Li Ling, Jia Zhi, Luo Yang and Zhou. The Ministry of Culture and the National Leading Group for Art Science Planning take the lead in planning, and the National Folk Literature and Art Development Center of the Ministry of Culture is specifically responsible for organizing the implementation. More than 50,000 outstanding talents from the national cultural system participated in the compilation and publication.
National folk literature and art are circulated among the people and passed down from generation to generation. Man is in art, and man is dying. If it is not excavated and sorted out as soon as possible, once it is lost, its loss will never be made up. In a small town in China adjacent to Vladivostok, the chronicler of literary and artistic integration found from the wall of a small white building that the records of Mei Lanfang and many other Peking Opera masters performing here in the past were very specific and clear, including artists, plays and time. This small building no longer exists, but those precious historical materials of drama have been preserved because of detailed records.
In the general survey of the compilation and publication of comprehensive literature and art records, more than 500 musical instruments of various ethnic groups throughout the country were comprehensively investigated for the first time in history; The excavation, arrangement and research of court music, sacrificial music and religious music are the most extensive and in-depth Shaanxi, Shanxi and other places have discovered local operas recorded in the Qing Dynasty. There are 39 kinds of Dai epic Batamaga Pengshangluo collected in Yunnan, the longest of which is 13000 lines. Sichuan alone has collected more than 45,000 original ecological folk songs.
While compiling and publishing the Collection of Literature and Art, it also actively and effectively promoted the research and arrangement of ethnic and folk literature and art in various places. Some provinces, municipalities directly under the central government and autonomous regions have compiled and published regional volumes, ethnic volumes and drama volumes while completing the "national volume". For example, the National Volume contains 90 volumes of folk literature including folk stories, ballads and proverbs, but now there are more than 3,500 related "information volumes" published and sorted out nationwide. It is on this solid foundation that the "Great Wall of Culture" stands tall.
China Artists Association plans a large-scale TV special column "The Great Wall of Culture", shouldering a thousand-year journey.
"Folk music and folk songs are national treasures, and the spirit of poor search is discussed in depth. We shoulder the heavy responsibility of the Millennium and are worthy of our predecessors. " Zhong Jingwen, a 98-year-old folk literature and art scholar and editor-in-chief of China Folk Tales Integration, encouraged himself and his colleagues with his four-character poems.
When the chroniclers of literary and artistic integration in Qinghai went to Yushu to collect information, people were too tired to climb the mountain any more, and they still struggled to climb it, even though their faces were covered with horse manure, they did not give up. Chen Yan of Hunan Xiangyin Cultural Center suffers from cancer, but in order to collect and sort out dance materials, he traveled thousands of miles and visited dozens of towns and villages in the county. Until the last moment of his life, he also asked her husband to carry him to the dance scene to collect the wind.
Professor Zhang, the deputy editor-in-chief of China Folk Tales Integration, was forced to rest in the hospital because of extreme fatigue after completing the review of Beijing papers, but he never left the hospital.
Wang Xiaoyi, director of the editorial department of China Opera Annals, suffered from leukemia while reviewing the manuscript. When he finally saw the sample book before he died, he said, "My greatest wish is to see the publication of the first volume of China's opera. When I see this book, I will stay and leave safely. "
Several spring and autumn seasons, many joys and sorrows. 1979, the compilation and publication project of Ten Integrated Records of China Ethnic Folk Literature and Art was started; 1983 "the integration of literature and art" began to be included in the national key scientific research project of art; 1986, the compilation and publication funds of literary and artistic integration records are included in the financial budgets of governments at all levels; 1988, the first volume of Literature and Art Integration was published; 1993 published the first volume of each department of Literature and Art Integration; 1996, the book of literary integration was published 100; From 65438 to 0999, all 30 provincial volumes of China Opera Records and China Folk Dance Integration were published. In 2000, 246 volumes of the 300-volume literature and art integration records have been published in the first instance, the second instance and the final instance, and Jiangsu Province has taken the lead in publishing ten literature and art integration records at the provincial level.
The Great Wall of Culture, a large-scale TV special program planned by China Artists Association, is the first time that China has used the media to collect, organize, protect and publicize traditional literary and artistic resources.
Experts believe that the compilation and publication project of comprehensive literature and art records is a cultural resource rescue project. The Chinese nation has created splendid culture in the course of five thousand years' historical development. Compared with tangible cultural heritage such as cultural relics and ancient books, intangible cultural resources are richer, more intuitive and more valuable, some of which are non-renewable.
Over the past 20 years, countless intangible cultural resources have been preserved as tangible cultural wealth such as words, music scores, dance scores, pictures, charts, audio and video recordings. While enjoying the joy, the vast number of literary and art integration chroniclers are also worried that these materials have not been better sorted out and centrally protected, and have not been preserved and disseminated through advanced scientific and technological means. The audio-visual materials are facing the problem of being lost again because of their age. This is a new subject that needs to be solved urgently.
According to statistics, 90% of the basic materials of national and folk literature and art collected during the compilation and publication of the Collection of Literature and Art were not included in the book. These materials include 6 billion words of written materials, more than 60,000 pictures, more than 600 million words of music, more than 30,000 hours of audio materials and more than 3,000 hours of video materials. These basic materials are currently stored in various places, and the preservation conditions are very limited. Collection management, digital protection and secondary rescue have become the urgent affairs of relevant state departments. Recently, the National Folk Literature and Art Development Center of the Ministry of Culture submitted a project report on the establishment of "China National Folk Literature and Art Basic Resource Database" to the relevant state departments. According to the report, through this cultural "germplasm resources" project similar to the natural science "germplasm resources" project, the government will gradually realize the goal of collecting, sorting out, protecting and publicizing traditional literary and artistic resources.
Once this goal was put forward, it received the concern and support of the relevant States parties. With the economic globalization, the rapid development of Internet technology and the intensification of cultural globalization, the establishment of China national folk literature and art basic resource database and its Internet site will have an important and far-reaching impact on the wide spread of China traditional culture. The large-scale TV special program "The Great Wall of Culture" is produced under this background, aiming at enhancing the cohesion and pride of the Chinese nation! Bring splendid China culture and folk customs to the whole world.
Great Cultural Wall: Let the world enjoy the scenery of China.
Sharon stone, the sexy goddess, appeared at the Shanghai Film Festival, and Vitas, the voice magician, sang in the Great Hall of the People ... Recently, many cultural events have taken place in China.
At the same time, China appeared frequently on the stage of world culture. At the just-concluded 60th Cannes Film Festival, Hong Kong filmmakers appeared on the jury list, with mainland director Jia as the chairman of the jury of the short film and film cornerstone unit, and Hong Kong director Wong Kar-wai's new film Night of Blueberries as the opening film.
"The whole world is learning Chinese, and Confucius' words are becoming more and more international; The whole world is speaking Chinese, and what we say makes the whole world listen carefully. " -S.H.E. The song "China People" sung by three lively young girls is a realistic portrayal of China's cultural products going global.
According to the statistics of the Ministry of Commerce, in 2006, the import and export scale of core cultural products included cultural heritage, printed matter, audio-visual products, visual artworks and audio-visual media. Further expansion, the total annual import and export volume exceeded10 billion US dollars, reaching 654.38+0.032 billion US dollars, an increase of 23.3% over 2005 and 2.9 times that of 2006.
"China fever" makes culture "go out"
With the rapid development of China's economy, a new round of "China fever" is rising all over the world. More and more foreigners want to know more about China, which also drives the export of cultural products in China.
Wang Songlin, manager of the book export department of China International Book Trading Company, lamented, "China fever makes our cultural products' go out'. At present, our books are exported to Africa, which can be said to have reached almost every corner of the world. "
According to the statistics in 2005, the book export volume of China International Book Trading Company reached100000 USD, and this figure is still rising in 2006.
Wang Songlin said that there are a wide range of books exported now. "Readers in different countries and regions have different needs. In libraries in Japan, South Korea, the United States and Europe, academic Chinese books and reference books with reserved value are very popular; Some bookstores in Europe and America and customers in South America and Southeast Asia are mainly for local Chinese, so practical Chinese medicine books and contemporary literature books are very popular. "
"The enthusiasm of foreigners to learn Chinese continues to rise. At present, we export a large number of Chinese textbooks to Europe, America, Brazil, Japan and South Korea every year. " Wang Songlin told reporters that according to incomplete statistics, at least 30 million foreigners are learning Chinese at present, and the export of Chinese textbooks will increase in the future.
Despite the high cost, some foreign translation publications of China's classical literature are also very popular abroad. At present, China International Publishing Group is also strengthening its translation work, and some high-grade China cultural foreign language publications are also being introduced for overseas sales.
While books, newspapers and periodicals are exported, China's art exports are also increasing. China International Book Trading Company was one of the few trading companies in China that had the right to export artworks, and it undertook the task of publicity in a specific historical period. At that time, an important task of the company was to lead a visit and receive gifts. A large number of China artists are famous for their paintings and calligraphy exported overseas through Guo Tu Company.
The traditional export varieties of Guo Tu's artworks also include Four Treasures of the Study, woodcut watermark paintings, rubbings and various small handicrafts such as handmade bookmarks, greeting cards and paper-cuts. With the export of books, these handicrafts are exported to all parts of the world, bringing economic benefits and spreading China culture to every corner of the world.
Zhou Jian, manager of the company's art import and export department, told reporters that from the current international market, the demand for art and handicrafts in China is still growing, and many handicrafts with ethnic characteristics are welcomed by overseas customers. For example, silk statues, pottery and silk products are all handicrafts with China characteristics, which are very marketable abroad. In recent years, with the international upsurge of China culture and Chinese medicine, some related products, such as martial arts supplies and acupuncture supplies, also have more and more overseas market demand.
Good things also need marketing.
As a special commodity, cultural products also have their own particularities in marketing. How to make foreigners understand China culture and China cultural products more intuitively, China International Book Trading Company has thought many ways.
Wang Songlin told reporters that in the marketing and publicity of books, it is an important means to continuously introduce new book catalogues. "We will send the new book catalogue to overseas customers regularly and timely by e-mail."
He said that overseas customers have great demand for books on China's traditional culture. "The price of a set of" Continued Siku Quanshu "published by Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House has risen from 360,000 yuan to 460,000 yuan now, but there has been demand abroad, and we have exported about 40 sets. Last year, the price of a set of All Wen Song published by Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House was 36,000 yuan, but we exported more than 60 sets in a few months. "
At the same time, participating in and holding various exhibitions is also the main marketing method of cultural products.
Wang Songlin said that China International Book Trade Company participates in the famous Frankfurt Book Fair every year, and at this book fair, which focuses on copyright trading, it can better understand the market and promote China books. At the same time, the company will also participate in professional exhibitions such as the Singapore Chinese Book Fair for marketing.
"Last year, we held exhibitions in the United States, Britain, Brazil and other countries. Among them, we held special exhibitions of Chinese textbooks in Tennessee and London, which caused great repercussions in the local area. "
Zhou Jian also believes that exhibitions are an important way for artworks to go international. "Last June, 1 1, we participated in the Grenoble Expo in France and invited craftsmen to perform live, which caused a sensation. French TV also made an exclusive interview for this. "
China is rich in handicrafts, such as paper-cuts, bronzes and pottery ... These intangible heritages represent the traditional culture of China. With the help of exhibitions, handicrafts can be put on the cultural platform, and the folk culture of China can be introduced to the world through the live performances of China folk handicrafts and craftsmen. "
Zhou Jian expressed the hope that in the future, China artworks, especially folk artworks with strong national characteristics, can be introduced to the international market, so that more foreigners can learn about China artworks and fall in love with China artworks, thus falling in love with China.
Special difficulties of special products
Guo Tu companies have also encountered some difficulties in the export of cultural products.
Due to the liberalization of foreign trade management rights, more and more enterprises are engaged in the export of cultural products, which has impacted Guo Tu companies to some extent. Many publishing houses and handicraft factories can contact overseas customers directly, thus bypassing the intermediate market like Guo Tu company.
On the other hand, the price reduction behavior of China enterprises has also led to disorderly competition. Zhou Jian bluntly said, "In Yiwu, many foreign businessmen can directly buy very cheap handicrafts. Although these handicrafts may have a certain gap with the products we export, they are too competitive in price. " He said that for a long time, China handicrafts have left the impression of "cheap but poor quality" to European and American merchants, which makes it more and more difficult for China handicrafts to be made in the international market.
At the same time, cultural products have some special difficulties because of their particularity.
Wang Songlin told reporters that he often encountered book quality problems. "A set of hardcover books we export abroad may be hundreds, all of which are exported by sea. As a result, customers reported that the covers and contents of some books were cracked, the covers were dull and pages were missing. Due to the high transportation cost, it is impossible for us to ask customers to send books back; We can't get the original and the publishing house won't change it for us. Therefore, the loss of changing books for customers can only be borne by themselves. "
Zhou Jian told reporters that many handicrafts are fragile, but the logistics industry in China developed late and the transportation level was limited, which led to great transportation risks of these products, which made the company afraid to accept export orders for handicrafts such as porcelain. The export of some special handicrafts has also encountered certain difficulties. "For example, we wanted to show some hand-painted artworks abroad, but because the materials were pure cotton, they were detained by French customs in the name of textiles."
Zhou Jian also said that at present, the state still gives certain preferential treatment to the export of books, but there is a lack of similar policies on handicrafts.
Despite certain difficulties, the two people in the industry interviewed are still full of confidence in the export of cultural products in China. They believe that overseas China fever is still heating up, which has led to the increasing demand for cultural products at home. At the same time, as a traditional foreign trade company, it has its own advantages in marketing channels, customer resources, transportation mode selection and overseas distribution outlets. As long as its positioning is accurate, it will still play a huge role.
At the same time, they also believe that the development of science and technology will have an important impact on the export of cultural products. Wang Songlin believes that with the rise of e-reading, electronic publications tend to catch up with paper books and periodicals. At present, the company has strengthened its strength in database export, and the database of basic ancient books in China is a highlight of the company's export. The company has prepared professionals to meet the needs of installation, service and upgrade that may be brought about by the export of electronic databases in the future.
Finally, Zhou Jian said that China's artworks, especially folk handicrafts, lack publicity channels. In the future, Guo Tu Company will position itself as a service provider, more as a bridge between manufacturers and overseas customers, and at the same time, with the help of the network platform, it will show colorful China artworks to customers all over the world and let China artworks go global.
(Title: Essay)
The import and export of core cultural products continued to expand.
According to the data of the Ministry of Commerce, in 2006, the import and export scale of core cultural products in China was further expanded. In 2005, the total import and export volume exceeded10 billion US dollars, reaching 654.38+0.032 billion US dollars, an increase of 23.3% over 2005 and 2.9 times that of 2006.
China's cultural import and export products are mainly electronic game machines (matched with TV receivers), sculptures, decorations, books and other printed materials.
In 2006, China exported 860 million US dollars of books, an increase of 2 1.8% over 2005. Newspapers and periodicals exported 65.438 billion US dollars, an increase of 62%. The import volume of books, newspapers and periodicals was 1. 1 billion dollars and 1.40 billion dollars respectively, increasing by 9. 1% and 1.4% respectively compared with 2005. The annual book import and export surplus was 740 million US dollars, an increase of 24% over 2005; The deficit of newspapers and periodicals was $65.438+0.2 billion, and the scale of the deficit increased by 654.38+00.9% year-on-year.
The import and export of cultural products are mainly concentrated in the United States, the European Union and China.
In 2006, the total import and export of cultural products between China and the United States, the European Union and China were US$ 3.5 billion, US$ 3.05 billion and US$ 2.265438 billion+respectively. Among them, the United States is the largest export market and import source of cultural products in China. In 2006, my cultural products exports to the United States, the European Union and China were US$ 3.33 billion, US$ 2.93 billion and US$ 265.438+0.4 billion respectively, accounting for 87% of my total cultural products exports. In 2006, China imported 654.38+0.7 billion US dollars, 654.38+0.2 billion US dollars, 654.38+0.7 billion US dollars and 0.7 billion US dollars from the United States, the European Union, ASEAN and China respectively, accounting for 68.9% of the total.
Trade in cultural services continued to grow.
According to the principle of international balance of payments, in 2006, the export of cultural services in China was US$ 654.38+0.58 billion, and the import was US$ 654.38+0.70 billion, increasing by 3654.38+0% and 23% respectively over the previous year. Among them, the export of movies and audio-visual products was basically the same as that of the previous year, reaching $6543.8+$400 million. The export of advertising and publicity services was $6,543.8+$440 million.
According to preliminary statistics, in 2005, more than 50% of wholly foreign-owned cultural, sports and entertainment enterprises in China had sales of US$ 400 million.