The revision of the manuscript is usually carried out in the book after the first draft is copied again, but some people directly modify it in the first draft. At present, the East Asia Library of the University of California, Berkeley has collected five manuscripts of Weng Fanggang, namely Fu Yi Ji, Shu Fu Ji, Shi Fu Ji, Li Ji Fu Ji and Spring Qiu Fu Ji. The first draft has been revised many times. For example, Fu Yiji has been revised four times, namely Gengshen in the fifth year of Jiaqing, Guihai in the eighth year of Jiaqing, Renshen in the seventeenth year of Jiaqing and Yihai in the twentieth year of Jiaqing. Although the date of revision is not indicated in the supplementary notes of the book, according to its contents, the first draft only writes the pages of the title in ink, and when it is revised, it is divided into volumes in calligraphy, and a small preface is added: "Read the old chapter of Shangshu and add it to the first line, making 14 volumes. Fools don't even know whether ancient prose is true or not. Yu Qianru's so-called mistakes are simple and disorderly, and she dare not take them for granted, because one more is better. June 28, the second year of Jiaqing. " Later, he added a note in his own handwriting: "This preface was written before the first three lines and the line" Yu Shu ". The style of copying is according to the Notes to Poetry. " The draft should be revised at least twice before it is finalized. The preface of the poem not only reviews Weng Jiaqing's first year and eight years, but also has its own theme: "The postscript of the poem began in ugly autumn and lasted from summer to Jiaqing. Wen Qi's Fourteen Classics has a 72-volume first draft of supplementary notes. Day after day, I am eager to study nuclear. I am not lazy. In the summer of June, Fang Gang knew again. " This inscription tells people two things: First, The Attached Notes of Poetry was first written in the 58th year of Qianlong, and was basically finalized in the 8th year of Jiaqing after revision; Second, there are fourteen kinds of notes to Weng's letters, with a total of 72 volumes. Generally speaking, it was not revised until the eighth year of Jiaqing. There are two titles in Supplementary Notes to the Book of Rites: "Comments on May 7th in Guihai" and "Comments on July 5th in Bingyin". The notes that need to be typed in the volume are all Zhu Notes. According to its name, Supplement to Spring and Autumn Annals was revised four times and revised twice in the sixth, eighth, eleventh, fourteenth and twentieth years of Jiaqing. This is a typical example of revising the first draft.
In addition, the author's revision of the work is not only carried out on the manuscript or the first draft, but also on the printed version of the book after it goes to press, which should be regarded as a revised draft. Take Weng Fanggang's Supplementary Notes on Spring and Autumn as an example. Weng first carved the sixth volume of this manuscript, Chunqiu Zhuan, but after it was published, it was revised in the engraving, and a cloud was noted in the catalogue: "Only this volume is rigid, but it has been added. If you print another copy, it will still be added. There are already samples, and they have been added. " At the end of the article, "Twenty-four Years of Gong" (now the National Library of China has the manuscript at this moment, that is, the engraving recorded by Weng Zhongben, I am afraid there is no such supplement). For details, please refer to the Record of China Rare Books in the East Asian Library of the University of California, Berkeley, which will not be repeated here. Let's take Zhang Taiyan's Shu Shu as an example. After the book was engraved in Suzhou in the 25th year of Guangxu reign of Qing Dynasty, Zhang's engraving was revised several times. The above picture shows the revised and re-catalogued manuscript. Guangxu reprinted the printed version in the 30th year, and Xuantong made a lot of additions and deletions to the printed version in Japan in the 2nd year. Finally, he changed the title to Investigation (this book is stored in the National Library of China). Finalization refers to the final revised manuscript, which is generally rewritten and written neatly, not the face of the manuscript. But some revisions are actually the final version, or the original final version, because it has been revised and the rewritten version is just a copy. This situation is complicated and can only be determined by collating and comparing it with the first draft, other revised drafts, written versions and even printed versions. The rewritten copy is called clear draft, also known as clear draft. Generally, people are invited to record and write the manuscript, and some authors write it themselves. Some final drafts are directly written on paper (mostly red paper) in Song Dynasty or regular script for seal engraving, so that seal engravers can stick them on wooden boards for seal engraving printing. This is also a form of copying manuscripts, but because of its function, it is called writing samples or writing samples to be engraved. It stands to reason that if the samples are engraved, they will not exist, and there are still some samples scattered all over the world. There are two reasons: first, the sample failed to meet the requirements and was abandoned; The other is that for some reason, the book has not been engraved or published. But you should also write samples when reprinting. If such a sample is circulated, it must be identified through textual research and analysis, because there is no such sample in the manuscript.
Although manuscripts can be divided into first draft, revised draft and final draft, in the past, all public and private bibliographies were recorded under the names of "manuscript", "manuscript" and "clear draft" (that is, the full text written by the author is called "manuscript", the full text copied by others and revised by the author is called "manuscript". If it is copied by the author himself, it is also called a "manuscript". This is mainly because catalogers are limited by objective conditions, so it is difficult to check and identify the manuscript in depth, and they can only record its form objectively. Furthermore, the description requirements of traditional directories are relatively simple, and only the results of version identification need to be recorded. If we want to further reveal the formation process of manuscripts and their internal relations, we can only do it by textual research and writing books, which is not easy, because it is often not available objectively.