1929 After April, the Japanese army withdrew from Shandong, and the Nanjing government took over the Jinan, Qingdao and Ji Jiao railways. At this time, private Qingdao University has been in trouble because of economic difficulties and the loss of teachers and students. On the eve of Nanjing National Government's acceptance of Qingdao, Song Chuandian, the president of private Qingdao University, resigned and the school came to a standstill. In view of this, Jiang Menglin, Minister of Education of Nanjing Government, and Cai Yuanpei, a famous educator, both advocated changing the National Shandong University into the Preparatory Committee of the National Qingdao University, and moving Shandong University originally planned to be built in Jinan to Qingdao, and using private Qingdao University to build the National Qingdao University. Therefore, Jiang Menglin, Minister of Education, made a proposal to the Executive Yuan to organize the National Qingdao University. 1On June 4th, 929, the 26th meeting of the Executive Yuan of Nanjing Municipal Government discussed and passed the Proposal on Establishing National Qingdao University, the contents of which are as follows:
"Minister Jiao Jiang (Meng Lin) mentioned that due to practical difficulties, all the preparatory work for the National Shandong University has not yet been planned. Check Qingdao. In that province, there is a private Qingdao University, which was run by Song Chuandian, the former speaker of the provincial assembly who defected from the party during the Zhang Zongchang period. Since Ji Jiao was accepted by the central government, the president left school early and went to other places. Needless to say, the school situation is very chaotic. Moreover, the school has no definite funds, all of which are subsidies from Shandong Province and Qingdao City. It is planned to cancel the school, and its production is used by Shandong University. National Shandong University will be renamed as National Qingdao University. Qingdao has convenient transportation and superior environment. It is better to run a university than Jinan. Can we wait for the referendum? Determination: Do it. " Since then, the Preparatory Committee of National Shandong University has been changed to the Preparatory Committee of National Qingdao University. On June 20th, the Preparatory Committee of National Qingdao University held its first meeting. He Siyuan, Peng Baichuan, Wang, Yuan Jiapu were sworn in in Jinan. Chen Xiang, Chairman of Shandong Province, swore an oath. The Preparatory Committee elected He Siyuan, Director of the Education Department of Shandong Province, as the director of the Preparatory Committee, and at the same time hired, Yi, Yang Zhensheng and Cai Yuanpei as members of the Preparatory Committee (in June, 5438+00, the Preparatory Committee of Tsinghua University was established again. He Siyuan replied at the meeting that "universities will attach importance to vocational education and train specialized talents in the future".
The day before yesterday, private Qingdao University recommended three students, including Guo, to Jinan to meet with the Preparatory Committee of National Qingdao University, and contacted private Qingdao University on matters such as school care. The Ministry of Education also urged the Shandong Provincial Department of Education to send commissioners to Qingdao to receive private Qingdao University. On June 2 1 day, He Siyuan, Wang visited the private Qingdao University for investigation and preparation to accept the private Qingdao University. He Siyuan returned to Jinan after the inspection, and Wang was responsible for receiving the school property in Qingdao.
Mr. Cai Yuanpei, President of Academia Sinica of Nanjing Government and a famous educator, is very concerned about the establishment of National Qingdao University. Mr. Cai Yuanpei is an advocate of changing National Shandong University into National Qingdao University and establishing a school in Qingdao. 1At the beginning of June, 929, Cai Yuanpei and Jiang Menglin went to Qingdao to participate in Qingdao preparations. Cai Yuanpei and his family live in private Qingdao University, and are deeply attracted by the beautiful environment and university in Qingdao, so they advocate transferring. On August 23 of the same year, Cai Yuanpei wrote to Wu Zhihui, asking him to urge funds for the National Qingdao University, saying, "Qingdao's topography and climate will be a cultural center in the future, which has a great relationship with this university."
After the establishment of the Preparatory Committee for the National Youth University, * * * held six meetings to study the preparatory work for the school. The second meeting was held in Qingdao on July 8, 1929. Cai Yuanpei, President of Academia Sinica, and Jiang Menglin, Minister of Education, made a special trip to Qingdao to attend the preparatory meeting of the National Qingdao University. To study the principles and regulations of running schools, funds, subject design, teacher appointment and student disposal in existing provincial and private universities. The meeting decided that the National Qingdao University should be located in Qingdao, and its factory and agricultural experimental field should be located in Jinan. The meeting elected He Siyuan, Yang Zhensheng, (Taidi) and Wang as the Standing Committee members of the Preparatory Committee.
On July 6th, the Preparatory Committee of Qingdao University held its third meeting, attended by He Siyuan, Yang Zhensheng, Yuan Jiapu, Wang, Wang, Peng Baichuan. The meeting adopted various school-running plans of National Qingdao University, including administrative organization funds, teachers' salaries, selection of teachers and transfer methods for old students. The main points are as follows:
1. National Qing University administrative organization: the president includes the principal's secretary, various committees, educational administration, general affairs, liberal arts, science, engineering and agriculture.
Second, the salary standard for teachers: full-time lecturers are divided into five grades, ranging from 120 yuan to 240 yuan; Professors are divided into seven grades, ranging from 240 yuan to 450 yuan.
3. Staff candidates: Zhi Chun, general manager Wang, dean of the Institute of Technology, dean of the College of Arts Yang Zhensheng and the dean of the College of Science are temporarily replaced by professors, and other positions are temporarily vacant.
Four. Funds for Qingda University: the annual salary of teachers is 2.22 billion yuan, the salary of staff is 567.72 million yuan, the salary of husband is 265.438 million yuan +0.000 million yuan, the purchase fee is 65.438 million yuan +0.04 million yuan, and the transfer student allowance is 65.438 million yuan +0.02 million yuan. Excluding other expenses, the annual expenses totaled 4,565,438 yuan. Its funds shall be submitted by the Executive Yuan to the Ministry of Education for allocation.
Five, the old students transferred to QingDa, must pass the entrance examination, and graded examination. Special provisions: (1) Students who have previously enrolled from provincial Shandong University and private Qingdao University can be transferred to national Qingdao University after passing the entrance examination, grading and testing; (2) Former provincial junior college students and private junior college students who have not taken the original courses at National Qingdao University may request to issue a study certificate and a transfer recommendation letter to enroll in other national and private universities registered by the Ministry of Education on July 2, 2008. ...
The second and third preparatory meetings basically solved the school rules of National Qingdao University. Later, the above-mentioned school-running rules and regulations were basically implemented, except for major changes in the personnel arrangements of the departments. However, the school funds have not been fully implemented.
For the students of the former private Qingdao University, they are also divided according to their majors. Its railway management science students are transferred to the University, civil engineering students are transferred to Beijing University of Technology II, and law students are transferred to four universities, including Central University and Fudan University.
However, due to various reasons, the National Qingdao University has not been officially opened. It was only in the second half of 1929 that a notice was issued to recruit freshmen for cram school. The main reasons that hinder the timely opening of universities are the admission of private Qingdao University and provincial Shandong University, the funding for running schools and the choice of presidents.
According to the order of the Executive Yuan of Nanjing Government, the school products received by National Qingdao University are the school buildings and campus facilities of private Qingdao University. However, when preparing for the establishment of the National Shandong University, it was decided that the National Shandong University would take over the school property of the provincial Shandong University and establish the National Shandong University on this basis. After the establishment of the National Qingdao University, it successfully took over all the assets of the private Qingdao University, but the school products of the provincial Shandong University have not been successfully taken over. After many twists and turns, I only accepted one of the six colleges of Shandong University-Agricultural College. The main difficulty encountered in the preparation is the problem of funds. National Qingdao University has been plagued by school funding since its establishment. 1In June, 929, the Preparatory Committee of National Qingdao University drew up an annual budget of 600,000 yuan for National Qingdao University, and proposed to invite the central and provincial governments to contribute 240,000 yuan each, and the municipal government and Ji Jiao Railway to contribute 60,000 yuan each. And reported to the Nanjing National Government for approval. However, the Nanjing National Government did not reply. On August 3rd, Mr. Cai Yuanpei wrote a letter to Wu Zhihui, talking about the funding of the National Qingdao University: "Just talking about the expenses due to the central government, I have discussed with Minister Song Ziwen of the Ministry of Finance, and there is no clear answer. Because of the relationship with the institute, my brother asked me again later. I'd like to ask Mr. Zhang to say a word to Wen Zi seriously. It would be better if you could ask President Jiang to entrust Song. In addition to He Xiancha (Philip Burkart) meeting in detail, I came specifically for this purpose. " After Cai Yuanpei's letter was sent out, it seems that the Ministry of Finance and the Executive Yuan have loosened the funds for Guoqing University. On August 17, Shenbao revealed: "National Youth University, with an annual fund of 20,000 yuan from the central government, is expected to be approved." But after that, there was no more. In view of this, the Preparatory Committee of National Qingdao University had to revise the budget again. In July, after the original annual budget of 600,000 yuan was hopeless, the annual budget was reduced to 45 1.77 million yuan, and the Executive Yuan was requested to allocate it. On September 3, the Statement stated: "The Ministry of Education has informed the Preparatory Committee of Qingda University that all the funds required by the school have been submitted to the Executive Yuan for examination and consultation with the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Railways, and the funds for Qingda University have been secured." A few days later, "the Ministry of Education called the preparatory office of National Youth University, saying that the school's funds had been included in the 18 central education budget, and the Executive Yuan was requested to allocate them accordingly." Since then, it has not been approved. The Preparatory Committee of the National Youth University had to revise the budget again: "The Shandong Provincial Government subsidizes 360,000 yuan annually, the Qingdao Municipal Government subsidizes 30,000 yuan annually, and the Ji Jiao Railway Bureau subsidizes 1 10,000 yuan and 20,000 yuan annually. The rest of the shortage should be allocated by the Nanjing National Government under the education fund. " In fact, the Nanjing government has not allocated funds for the National Qingdao University. Great changes have also taken place in the budget, allocation and funding units of the above-mentioned funds. The annual fee is 360,000 yuan in Shandong Province, 48,000 yuan in Ji Jiao Road and 408,000 yuan in * *. The Ministry of Education only allocated 50,000 yuan for the start-up expenses, and the other 50,000 yuan was allocated by the Shandong Provincial Government.
In addition, the candidate for the president of National Qingdao University has been delayed. At the beginning of preparation, He Siyuan became the president of Qingdao University, which was reported in newspapers. As He Siyuan is both the director of the Education Department of Shandong Province and the director of the Preparatory Committee of National Qingdao University, it is only natural that he should be the president. But after that, there was no more. In mid-August, shortly after Cai Yuanpei entrusted Wu Zhihui to urge the National Qingdao University to allocate funds, news came from Nanjing: "The Ministry of Education decided to appoint Wu Zhihui as the president of the National Qingdao University, and Wu agreed." But in the end there was no result. It was not until April 1930 that Yang Zhensheng was appointed President of National Qingdao University.
Faced with various speculations about the funding, president and running progress of Qingdao University, on March 1930, Du Guang, the organizing committee of National Qingdao University, went to Jinan to discuss school affairs with He Siyuan and decided: "① Summer school must be run; (2) recruiting teachers in Ping, Chongqing and Shanghai; (3) Organizing disciplinary committees, etc. 1930 On April 28th, Yang Zhensheng was appointed as the President of National Qingdao University by Nanjing National Government. In May, Yang Zhensheng went to work in the school and began to hire teachers, strive for funds and resettle the original students. The preparatory work for the National Qingdao University began formally. With the gradual implementation of funds and teachers, the enrollment of National Qingdao University is also in full swing. According to the decision of the Preparatory Committee, there are two departments of arts and sciences in the freshman year of Guoqing University. The Chinese department is composed of China Literature Department, Foreign Literature Department and Education Department, and the School of Science is composed of Mathematics Department, Physics Department, Chemistry Department and Biology Department, with seven professional disciplines. The professor he appointed has also changed a lot from the original candidate. Is the dean of the college, Wen Yiduo is the dean of the College of Liberal Arts and the head of the Chinese Department, Huang is the dean of the College of Science and the head of the Department of Mathematics, Liang Shiqiu is the director of the Foreign Languages Department and the librarian, Huang Jingsi is the head of the Department of Education, Tang Tenghan is the head of the Department of Chemistry, and once served as the head of the Department of Biology. In addition, an agricultural experimental field was set up in the former site of Shandong University Agricultural College (the only school produced by National Qingdao University in Jinan). Later, the National Qingdao University Factory Management Office was established in Zhengjue Temple Street, Jinan.
1930 In July, National Qingdao University published an advertisement for enrollment in newspapers such as Shenbao. In August, they enrolled 153 freshmen in Qingdao and Jinan respectively. On September 2 1, the opening ceremony of National Qingdao University was held in the former Bismarck Military Camp in Qingdao. President Yang Zhensheng was sworn in and National Qingdao University was formally established.
The establishment of national Qingdao University marks that Qingdao higher education has entered a new development period after the arduous exploration and start-up of Sino-German joint venture with Dehua University and the establishment of private Qingdao University. National Qingdao University and later National Shandong University played an extremely important role in the higher education of Qingdao and Shandong, and played an extremely important role in the cultural prosperity of Qingdao in the 1930s. After Yang Zhensheng, who was born in Peking University, became the president of National Qingdao University, Beibei set an example, followed the school-running policy of "inclusiveness, academic freedom" and "scientific democracy" advocated by Mr. Cai Yuanpei when he was the president of Peking University, and actively hired experts and scholars to teach at Qingdao University in order to improve the teaching staff and academic status of the newly-established National Qingdao University. Qingdao University also invited many famous experts and scholars such as Wen Yiduo, Liang Shiqiu, Huang Jingsi, Huang, Tang Tenghan, Zeng Sheng, Wen You, You Guoen, Shen Congwen, Fu Ying and Ren Zhigong to give lectures. In addition, scholars and celebrities such as Cai Yuanpei, Feng Youlan and Gu Jiegang are often invited to give lectures at Qingdao University. This policy of attaching importance to the construction of experts and scholars has played an important role in rapidly improving the education and scientific research level of National Qingdao University.
Yang Zhensheng also attaches great importance to the construction of school rules and regulations. It has successively formulated dozens of rules and regulations, such as the school's organizational rules, academic rules, articles of association of libraries and departments, detailed rules for handling affairs, rules of various committees, and rules of students' dormitories. It is required to strictly follow the rules and regulations. At the same time, in the school affairs, we advocate brainstorming and democratic style, and set up the school affairs Committee of National Qingdao University to study and implement the school's major policies and rules and regulations. The implementation of these measures has played a very important role in the construction and development of National Qingdao University and laid a solid foundation for the future establishment and development of National Shandong University.
After one year's operation, the National Qingdao University was basically peaceful except for the expulsion of students due to graduation certificate problems in the early days of its establishment. On the issue of certificates, it is like this: when the freshmen of the first National Qingdao University entered the school, they found that some students' high school diplomas were borrowed or forged, so the school ordered more than 30 students to drop out of school in February 1930+65438. At this time, it has been nearly half a year since I entered school. This treatment has aroused the dissatisfaction of students who violate the rules and the sympathy of other students. Therefore, all classes have been suspended since the fourth grade to help students who have dropped out of school. After proper handling by the school, the student tide subsided. Since then, there have been no major storms in National Qingdao University, and the school has gradually standardized its development. 193 1 In May, Huang Yanpei visited Qingdao University during his short stay in Qingdao. He wrote in Travel Notes Around the Yellow Sea: "The school building of Qingdao University is the former Bismarck Barracks. It was opened last year and divided into two colleges. The College of Literature is divided into three departments: China's philosophy (note: China literature), foreign philosophy (note: foreign literature) and pedagogy; The School of Science is divided into four departments: Mathematics Department, Physics Department, Chemistry Department and Biology Department. There are more than 100 students and 100 Christians (teachers). In terms of annual fee, the province allocated 360,000 yuan, Ji Jiao Road allocated 48,000 yuan and * * * 408,000 yuan ".
193 1, National Qingdao University has made great progress on the basis of its success in running a school last year. 193 1 year 1 month, the school decided to add an education college and an agricultural college. "After the new holiday of the College of Education, we decided to start the economic class and recruit three professional classes first. The rural normal agricultural college was founded and organized economically after the new holiday. " However, it has not been fully realized, and only the rural education department has been added.
1931July, National Qingdao University enrolled 180 freshmen from 4 12 registered candidates. Teaching begins in the second school year.
Just as the National Qingdao University entered the formal stage and developed well, the "September 18th Incident" happened when the Japanese occupied the northeast of China. Patriotic teachers and students of National Qingdao University participated in the patriotic struggle against Japan and saving the nation together with the people of the whole country. The old peaceful teaching environment and order were disrupted, and the National Qingdao University entered a turbulent period.
After the "September 18th Incident", patriotic students of National Qingdao University immediately joined the anti-Japanese national salvation struggle. Wang Lin and other progressive students, under the leadership of the Qingdao Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China, initiated the establishment of the Anti-Japanese National Salvation Association and took to the streets to publicize anti-Japanese and boycott Japanese goods. After students from Shanghai and Beiping petitioned in Nanjing, on February 2, 193 165438, students from National Qingdao University also broke through the repressive blockade of the reactionary authorities and organized a student petition group of 179 people to petition in Nanjing, demanding to send troops to resist Japan. Due to lack of experience, I can't get in touch with petitioners in Shanghai and Nanjing. Although the students submitted petitions to various organs of the Nanjing government and met with Chiang Kai-shek, Chiang Kai-shek only deceived the students with some false promises. Just as the petition group was in chaos and discussing its next move, it suddenly received an anonymous letter from Qingdao. The main content of the letter was: ask the petition group to return to school as soon as possible, otherwise the school will severely deal with it and cheat the petition group back to Qingdao. Although the petition in Nanjing failed, the anti-Japanese and national salvation activities of National Qingdao University did not stop. Under the leadership of Qingdao underground party organization, progressive students organized reading clubs, current affairs seminars and seagull drama clubs to publicize the ideas of resisting Japan and producing the party, which had a great influence on students and was therefore not allowed by the school authorities. In June of the same year, the National Qingdao University made a decision to prohibit borrowing progressive books in the library and lending them to students. Implement the "credit elimination system" and stipulate that "students who fail in three or compulsory courses throughout the year will be ordered to drop out of school". This regulation, called "strictness", actually forces students to bury themselves in their studies and not care about state affairs, which has aroused the dissatisfaction and opposition of most students. In mid-June, student representatives from various departments elected and established the National Association of Extraordinary Student Autonomy of Qingdao University, and put forward the requirements of "credit system", cancellation of students' accommodation fees, and academic openness of the library, which were unreasonably rejected by the school, leading to a strike of the whole school. It is convenient for the school to take drastic measures to expel nine members of the Standing Committee of the Extraordinary Self-Governing Association, which intensifies the contradiction.
Prior to this, after discouraging young college students from going south to petition, Yang Zhensheng submitted his resignation to the Nanjing Ministry of Education: "Our school 179 students jointly wrote to Beijing to carry out anti-Japanese activities, but after repeated persuasion, it was ineffective. When they left, they asked for leave jointly and left the school without permission. They set out on the second day of this month when the telegram arrived. It is difficult to recognize the school seal of the Ministry. Only when his behavior is motivated by patriotic enthusiasm and punished, will young people be patriotic and have fear of setbacks; Without punishment, the school discipline is lax and there is no way to maintain it. It is really convenient to ask for approval to resign and pay attention to your duties. " With the comfort of the Ministry of Education, he withdrew his resignation. 1April, 932, Yang Zhensheng went to Nanjing to request the central government to allocate the funds owed to the National Qingdao University, but it was fruitless. He offered to resign again and was comforted by the Ministry of Education. 1932 After the "credit system" triggered a student surge in Qingdao University in June, Yang Zhensheng and Dean Zhao Qi became the main objects of students' opposition, which had a great influence throughout the country. On June 28th, 1932, the declaration stated: "The Qing college student movement is still deadlocked, and many teachers left school. On the 27th, the students went to Yangzhai for instructions, but there was no result. Yang Tan said that if the study is too strict, students will be urged to make bold progress, and revisions need to be reviewed. Yang has been disintegrated by the Ministry of Electricity. The Ministry of Education has asked He Siyuan, director of Shandong Education, to mediate in Qingdao. He will arrive on the 29th. " On the same day, the newspaper also published: "Nine students who were expelled from Qingda University were allowed to drop out of school for one year. There are 20 1 students who have signed their names and are willing to accept the same punishment. On the evening of 27th, all the students held a meeting and decided on five items: (1) Denying all the disposal of the school; (2) dismissing the principal and the provost; (3) Require departments to select other talents; (4) Ask professors to organize maintenance meetings; (5) The whole people went to Beijing to petition and called on universities all over the country. Please help them unanimously. " . Many teachers sympathize with and support students' just demands, but a few teachers, such as Zhao Zhen, dean of academic affairs, and Liang Shiqiu, director of the Foreign Languages Department and librarian, support the implementation of the "credit system" and expel students. On the 29th, all the students of National Qingdao University "issued a statement denying the president Yang Zhensheng and expelling the dean Zhao Qi, the librarian Liang Shiqiu, Zhao Liang and other teachers." In the case of such a serious confrontation between the school and the students, Yang Zhensheng arrived in Beijing on June 29th without waiting for He Siyuan to mediate in Qingdao, reported the history of the student movement to the education authorities, and resigned, waiting for the central punishment. At this time, the Nanjing government is severely suppressing the anti-Japanese national salvation and all labor and student movements. On July 1 day, the Central University where students made trouble was dissolved and sorted out. After Yang Zhensheng reported the student movement of the National Youth University, the Executive Yuan of the Nanjing Government immediately ordered the dissolution of the National Qingdao University on July 3, "pending arrangements". Students who are still in school should leave school within three days and wait for screening. On July 3rd, the National Youth University telegraphed the Ministry of Education that it had been dissolved according to the order. The Qingdao Municipal Government also sent a security team to the school to "maintain order". And sent spies to the school to search for Wang Lin, the leader of the student movement, and forced the students to leave the school.
The Shandong provincial government has its own ideas about the dissolution of National Qingdao University by the Executive Yuan. On July 5th, the Shandong Provincial Government held a government affairs meeting, at which "it was decided that three articles should be donated to the Executive Yuan: (1) National Qing University should be changed to National Shandong University; (2) The old college of arts and sciences is still young, and Ji 'an has a college of agriculture and industry; (3) When establishing A&M College, it is necessary to consult with the provincial government. In addition, the provincial government assisted Qingda with 360,000 yuan, which was suspended from July 1 and will be released when it is ready. " This strongly worded and reasonable proposal of Shandong Provincial Government was finally accepted by the Executive Yuan and the Ministry of Education. On July 10, the Ministry of Education "appointed Jiang Menglin, Ding, Zhu Jingnong, He Siyuan, Wang, Zhang Honglie as members of the National Organizing Committee of Qingdao University, and appointed Jiang Menglin as chairman" to undertake the management of Qingdao University and the screening of students. In the process of sorting out school property and screening students, many progressive students were revoked, which led to tragedy. Sun Yancun, a young college student from a poor family, committed suicide with a knife at 9 o'clock in the evening on March 3 1, and was rescued by his classmates and sent to the hospital for treatment. "After student screening, Yang Zhensheng resigned twice on August 2 1 and August 29. Despite repeated attempts by the Ministry of Education to retain him, Yang Zhensheng made up his mind and failed to retain him.
1On September 2nd, 932, the executive yuan meeting of Nanjing National Government decided to rename National Qingdao University as National Shandong University. And allowed President Yang Zhensheng to resign and appointed Zhao Taimou (Zhao Zhen) as President of National Shandong University.
At this time, the National Qingdao University has eight majors, namely, China Literature, Foreign Literature, Pedagogy, Rural Education, Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry and Biology, and there is no medical school that was later independent of Qingdao Medical College (later merged by Qingdao University). Nor did it later develop into two departments of marine and aquatic products of China Ocean University.
National Shandong University was later renamed Shandong University and split into two parts in 1958. Part of the original site was renamed Shandong Ocean University (now China Ocean University), and most of them moved to Jinan, still using the name of Shandong University.