(1) Children aged 3-4 (small class stage): At this stage, children's hand muscles and bones are underdeveloped. At this time, the wax seats they hold should be soft to facilitate children to draw; The building blocks should be bigger for children to hold; It is best to choose oil pastels for children. Moderate hardness, children use it to draw bright colors, which is very suitable for children at this stage.
(2) Children aged 4-5 (middle class stage): At this stage, children have a basic artistic foundation, and their imagination is gradually enriched, and they are no longer satisfied with simple graffiti. At this stage, it is necessary to cultivate children's composition ability and sensitivity to color. I began to think about how to show it on the screen around a theme, but my thoughts are often unstable, and I still paint while thinking, which is easy to deviate from the theme by changes in environment or emotions.
(3) 5-7 years old (large class stage): Have a preliminary understanding of the law of color change, improve the sensitivity to color, pay attention to the size and position of various images and their relationships, and flexibly arrange them to make the plot of the picture clearer.
At this stage, children are often not satisfied with simple white paper painting, and begin to try various painting methods, and apply arts such as hand-making, doll decoration, and language corner painting letters to their study and life.
Second, choose the painting content that conforms to the age characteristics of children.
After understanding the age characteristics of children, we should formulate the painting content of children's art activities. The selection of painting content should be vivid, vivid and interesting, and the content should be something that children are familiar with and have more contact with. Therefore, we must grasp the teaching level according to the law of from shallow to deep and from simple to complex.
(1) Children aged 3-4 (small class stage): Choose objects that children are interested in to doodle, such as coloring ducklings and kittens' flowered skirts. Do simple addition and learn simple lines, such as learning straight lines (raindrops), learning wavy lines (rivers) and so on. Use radish, potatoes, paper balls, cloth balls (made of cloth wrapped in foam blocks), beads (made of small iron wire and wooden beads) and other materials to draw seals.
(2) Children aged 4-5 (middle class stage): learn various figures instead of single line, expand the understanding of object characteristics, and pay attention to the main features. Change the position of the graphic combination of people or animals, and display some details of them to make the image more vivid. Learn simple sketches to cultivate children's observation ability and basic composition skills. Try to let children play with colors, such as painting houses, printing and dyeing. And use pigments in artistic activities.
(3) 5-7 years old (large class stage): focus on plot painting, arrange pictures at the destination, pay attention to the position and dynamics of the general image, express the relationship between them to express the plot content, and gradually experience the balance and change of layout and aesthetic feeling. You can try to let children draw stories after listening, or let them draw National Day, Mid-Autumn Festival or other meaningful things to tell other children. Use your own artistic skills to create other works of art, such as creating a story book in the corner of the book. Hand-made horns design a flowered skirt for mother, etc. Knowing some famous painters and appreciating some famous paintings can make children try to copy.
Third, the guidance methods commonly used by teachers in kindergarten art activities
Colorful teaching methods, for children who like new things, flexible primary school methods can stimulate their interest and love for art activities.
(1) game scene method
Teachers should be good at using game situations to infect and mobilize children. For example, situational performances, watching videos, telling stories and magic tricks are all children's favorite games, which contain rich artistic knowledge. Creating a relaxed and interesting game environment makes it easier for children to express their ideas.
(2) Observation and guidance method
Art activities are visual art activities, which cannot be separated from observation. When guiding children to observe, we must first stimulate their love for life and things. For example, how to guide children to observe and recall the characters or animals in their favorite cartoons? What are the characteristics? Draw after communication. So as to inspire children to grasp the adjustment of things through observation, express their feelings and associations, and make their pictures vivid and full of children's interest.
(3) process guidance method
When a child is drawing, the teacher can neither patrol aimlessly nor ask too many questions that interfere with the child's original ideas. Teachers should be people-oriented and demand-oriented. If you don't have enough confidence to write, you can hold hands or sign on paper to help him take the first step of "everything is difficult at the beginning". When children don't know how to continue to enrich their pictures, teachers should guide them to enrich their pictures in time and help them add some key strokes to expand and enrich their pictures.
(4) Appreciation method
By appreciating the works of some famous Chinese and foreign artists, outstanding children's works of art or other children's works, we can guide children to feel, understand and discover the expression and significance of the works, thus gaining artistic "nutrition" and inspiring them to express and create boldly.
(5) Pay attention to the expression of children's emotional experience.
Painting is also a "language" for children to express their feelings. Their paintings show his thoughts, feelings, interests and understanding of the outside world. Children's brains are easily excited and difficult to suppress, showing that they are easily excited and have poor self-control ability. Therefore, in artistic activities, children often pour out their joy, happiness, sadness and troubles, making it their childish language. They sometimes talk to themselves and express their wishes very strongly. When children draw, teachers should not always worry or pay attention to their modeling ability. When evaluating children's works, we should not use the standard of "good" or "image", but let children express their feelings and establish interest in artistic activities through independent creative process. In the face of children's works, children can be allowed to express what they want to say in words.
Fourth, the reflection on kindergarten art activities.
(A) fully stimulate children's interest in painting
"Interest is the best teacher." We can touch children's hearts with all the beautiful things in real life around us. For example, when we take our children to visit the ancient city and see the beautiful scenery, people's various labors and antique buildings, the children are very happy.
After I came back, I asked the children to show what they saw and heard in the form of paintings. Some children drew the specialties of their hometown-Zhang Fei beef, white sugar steamed bread and Baoning vinegar. Some children painted beautiful scenery of various buildings and plants in the ancient city; Some children drew pictures of uncles and aunts bargaining with customers. Because children have certain personal experiences, every child is willing to create. They put their own experience and real feelings of beauty into artistic creation, from which they can realize the beauty of real life. This kind of creation is very happy for children, and children's interest in painting is fully mobilized. With real interest, children's painting ability will be improved, so we can't exert obvious pressure on children while completing the teaching purpose, so that children can give full play to their imagination in a relaxed atmosphere, find different fun in the painting process and revel in it. Finally, as a teacher, we should give patient guidance and targeted guidance according to the psychological characteristics of children at different stages. For example, in the painting activity of "Beautiful Tropical Fish", I first invited children to watch tropical fish and play the game of "Little Fish Swimming". Children became more and more interested in swimming fish and began to draw with interest, but not every child can draw fish. Some children may be interested in drawing because of swimming fish, and some children may not know how to draw because of swimming fish, so the teacher's guidance here is very good. We don't ask children to draw fish, we just want them to draw their own fish. If they have to draw the fish's body with triangles, they will forcibly drive the children out of the door of "inspiration".
(B) the development of children's artistic expression and imagination
When children are not interested in the content arranged by the teacher, even if the teacher tries to guide them, the result is not very satisfactory. For example, painting "Have I grown up? During the activity, I asked the children to draw pictures, wanting to be a PLA, a doctor and a teacher, and drew the characteristics of these occupations on the blackboard, emphasizing that the children should follow the teacher's paintings. However, during the activity, I found that many children were whispering "I don't draw this" with a reluctant face. I drew the child's attention to what I had determined. On the surface, it seems that I have achieved my educational goal, but in fact, the children don't really understand it. On the contrary, if children's interests and needs can be met, many children will often paint spontaneously on various occasions without psychological pressure and can give full play to their imagination. The second time I made a new attempt. It's still the theme of this painting. I'm just guiding. I asked the children to discuss "What do you want to be when you grow up?" "Where do you want to go when you grow up?" "What has happened to the people around you, your parents, etc. When you grow up? " Wait, and then let the children play freely. As a result, many children drew all kinds of pictures, some of which drew spaceships. He said, "I want to be an astronaut when I grow up." Oh! See how rich his imagination is; A child drew a robot and a washbasin. I asked her, "What did you draw?" "When I grow up, I want to design a robot to help my mother wash clothes and cook, so that my mother will not work so hard." What a wonderful imagination! What a pure childlike innocence! Although this activity is far from the picture I originally planned, I found that the children were intoxicated by this fun-filled imagination.
From this I understand that it is not advisable for children to learn expression and master skills realistically. Art activity is an interesting and happy game, and all educational ideas should be based on this reality. But it is worth noting that when children feel it is necessary, teaching them some art knowledge and skills will help them to carry out creative activities better. To meet the needs of children's psychological development, encourage them to express their thoughts and feelings freely, easily and happily. In this natural process, children's creativity is gradually enriched, and it is forbidden to teach and ask children in an adult mode.
(3) Learn to appreciate children's works.
Children have rich imagination and creativity. Children's works can fully show this feature. Painting is another language for children, and it is also the carrier of inheriting and releasing children's emotions. When children draw a series of "works", what should we say, what should parents say and what should everyone do when facing their masterpieces? Every look and every action will have an impact on the child's "creation"-making the child extremely happy or deeply lost, so we should make the best use of the situation, first listen to the child's own paintings, and then evaluate them. Maybe you will think that the "masterpiece" with messy lines and dark lines is really "terrible", and maybe you will have the idea of clearing it into the trash can quickly. However, the children's casual pictures just reflect the world in their hearts.
Every child has his own unique personality, and his paintings also have distinctive characteristics. Some works only he can understand and speak clearly. Therefore, when evaluating children's art works, we should respect children, be good at discovering the essence of children's works, and show an attitude of acceptance and recognition. Only in this way can we communicate with children. Therefore, appreciating children's works is also a compulsory course for teachers. Learn to understand children's childlike innocence, appreciate their works from children's perspective, listen to them tell every point, every line and every corner of the picture, appreciate their creative talents, share their paintings with children, and let children feel their own flash in appreciation, be confident in flash, and create new beauty in self-confidence.