I. Introduction

(a) Functions and types of immunity

Second, the composition of the immune system

(1) Immune organs and tissues

(2) Immune cells and molecules

(iii) Immunization. immunologic development

(A) the establishment of immunology 3

(B) the period of empirical immunology 2

(3) Modern immunology period 3

chapter two

I. Basic concepts

Second, the foreign body and specificity of antigen

(1) Foreign bodies

(2) specificity

Third, the factors affecting the immune response of antigen

Physical and chemical properties of (1) antigen molecule

(2) Host factors

(3) the influence of the way antigen enters the body

Four. Type of antigen

(1) According to whether Th cells are needed for antibody induction.

(2) Classification according to the genetic relationship between antigen and organism.

(3) Classification according to whether the antigen is synthesized in antigen presenting cells.

(4) Other classifications

Verb (abbreviation of verb) nonspecific immunostimulant

(1) superantigen

(II) Adjuvants

(3) Mitogen

chapter three

I. Basic concepts

Second, the structure of immunoglobulin

(A) the basic structure of immunoglobulin

(2) Other components of immunoglobulin

(3) Hydrolyzed fragment of immunoglobulin

Thirdly, the heterogeneity of immunoglobulin.

(a) Type of immunoglobulin

(B) the diversity of immunoglobulin

(III) Serotypes of immunoglobulin

Fourthly, the function of immunoglobulin.

(A) the function of IgV area

(the function of IgC area

Verb (abbreviation of verb) The characteristics and functions of various immunoglobulins.

( 1) IgG

(2) IgG

(3) IgA

⑷IgD

(5) IgE

Six, artificial preparation of antibodies

(1) Polyclonal antibody

(II) Monoclonal antibodies

(iii) Genetically engineered antibodies

chapter four

I. Overview

Second, the activation of complement.

(A) the classical way of complement activation

(b) MBL pathway of complement activation.

(3) Bypass pathway of complement activation

(d) Homoterminal effect of complement activation

(e) Comparison of the three methods

Thirdly, the regulation of complement activation

(A) the self-regulation of complement

(B) the role of complement regulatory factors

Fourthly, the biological function of complement.

(a) to participate in the early anti-infection immunity of the host

(2) maintaining the stability of the internal environment of the organism

(3) Participate in adaptive immunity

(d) Interaction between complement and other enzyme systems

Chapter V Cytokines

I. Overview of cytokines

Second, the classification of cytokines

(I) Interleukin

(II) Interferon

(III) Tumor necrosis factor

(d) colony stimulating factor

(5) Chemokines

(vi) Growth factors

Three. Cytokine receptor

Four. Biological activity of cytokines

(1) Antibacterial effect

(II) Antiviral effect

(3) regulating specific immune response

(4) Stimulating hematopoiesis

(5) Promote the formation of blood vessels.

(VI) Cytotoxic effect on tumor cells

(VII) Its role in allergic and autoimmune diseases.

Chapter 6 Differentiation and Adhesion of Molecular Clusters

1. Functional molecules on the surface of immune cells and human differentiation clusters.

(1) Functional molecules on the surface of immune cells

(B) the differentiation of the concept of cluster.

Second, adhesion molecules.

(a) integrin family

(2) selectin family

(3) Function of adhesion molecules

Chapter 7 Major histocompatibility complexes and their coding molecules

I. Basic concepts

Two. MHC structure and its polygenic characteristics

(a) the classic MHC class ⅰ and MHC class ⅱ genes

(2) HLA molecules, the expression products of MHC class ⅰ and MHC class genes.

(3) Genes related to immune function

Thirdly, the polymorphism of MHC

(A) the basic concept of polymorphism

(b) linkage disequilibrium and haplotype

(C) the emergence of HLA polymorphism and its significance

4. Interaction between 4.MHC molecules and antigenic peptides

(a) The molecular basis of the interaction between antigenic peptides and HLA molecules

(2) The characteristics and significance of the interaction between antigenic peptides and MHC molecules.

Human Leukocyte Antigen and Organ Transplantation

Abnormal expression of HLA molecules and clinical diseases

(c) the link between human leukocyte antigen and diseases

Human leukocyte antigen and paternity test and forensic medicine

Biological function of intransitive verb MHC

(a) As an antigen presenting molecule, participate in specific immune response

(two) as a regulatory molecule to participate in innate immune response

Chapter VIII Constituent Cells of Inherent Immunity

First, phagocytes

(a) mononuclear phagocyte system

(2) neutrophils

(3) the function of phagocytes

Second, dendritic cells

(2) Function

Third, natural killer cells.

(1) receptors on the surface of NK cells related to their killing activation and killing inhibition.

(2) Mechanism of 2)NK cells killing target cells

NKT cell 4 1

Five, other innate immune cells

(I) Eosinophils

(2) basophils and mast cells

Chapter 9 Adaptive Immune Response Cells: T Lymphocytes

Surface molecules of I. T lymphocytes and their functions

( 1) FCR？ CD3 complex

(II) CD4 molecules and CD8 molecules

(3) costimulatory molecular receptors

(4) Mitogen binding molecules

(5) Other surface molecules

Second, T lymphocyte subsets

(1) Initial T cells, effector T cells and memory T cells

(2) αβT cells and γσT cells

(3) CD4+T cells and CD8+T cells

(4) Th, CTL and Tr cells

Third, the function of T lymphocytes.

(a) Function of CD4+helper T cells (CD4+ Th cells)

(2) The function of CD8+killing T cells

(3) Function of CD4+CD25+regulatory T cells

Chapter 10 Adaptive Immune Response Cells: B Lymphocytes

Molecules on the surface of I. B lymphocytes and their functions

Second, B cell subsets

Third, the function of B lymphocytes.

(1) produces antibodies.

(2) presenting antigen

(3) participate in immune regulation

The first chapter is the generation of hematopoietic stem cells and immune cells in XI.

1. Characteristics and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells

(1) Origin and surface labeling of hematopoietic stem cells

(2) Differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells

Secondly, the generation of coding genes and the diversity of lymphocyte antigen recognition receptors.

(1) Structure and rearrangement of BCR and TCR genes

(2) The mechanism of antigen recognition receptor diversity.

(3) clonal selection of lymphocytes

Chapter XII Immune Response of Inherent Immune Cells

I. Organizations, cells and effector molecules involved in innate immunity

(2) Inherent immune cells and their functions

(3) Inherent immune molecules and their functions

Second, the stage of innate immune response.

(1) instantaneous innate immune response sequence

(2) early innate immune response stage (3) adaptive immune response induction stage.

Third, the characteristics of innate immune response and its relationship with adaptive immune response

(A) the characteristics of innate immune response

(2) The relationship between innate immune response and acquired immune response.

Chapter XIII antigen presenting cells and the handling and presentation of antigens

I. characteristics of antigen presenting cells

(a) dendritic cells

(2) single core? macrophage

(3) B lymphocytes

Second, the handling and presentation of antigens.

(1) antigen uptake

(2) antigen processing and presentation

Chapter 14 Adaptive Immunity: T Lymphocyte Recognition Antigen and Immune Response

I. T cell recognition antigen

(APC presents antigen to T cells.

(Interaction between APC and T cells

Second, the process of T cell activation.

(i) Molecules involved in T cell activation

(b) Signal transduction pathway of T cell activation

(3) Target genes involved in T cell activation signals

(4) clonal proliferation and differentiation of antigen-specific T cells

Third, the response effect of effector T cells.

(A) the role of Th cells

(B) the role of CTL cells

(3) the formation of memory T cells

(d) Apoptosis induced by T cell activation.

Chapter 15 Adaptive Immunity: Recognition and Immune Response of B Lymphocytes to Antigen

Immune response of I. B cells to TD antigen

(a) Recognition of TD antigen by B cells

(b) B)The role of Th cells in the immune response of B cells.

(3) Activation, proliferation, terminal differentiation and maturation of B cells

Second, the immune response of B cells to TI antigen.

(1) high concentraTIon of ti? 1 antigen and ti? Antigen 2 activates polyclonal B cells.

(2) TI？ Antigen 2 can directly activate B cells.

Third, the general law of humoral immune response.

(1) Preliminary reaction

(2) Secondary reaction

Iv. Overview of immune response

Chapter XVI Epidemic Prevention and Regulation Section

I. Immunoregulation at the molecular level

(A) PTK participates in the activation of signal transduction and PTP negative feedback regulation

(2) Inhibitory receptors of various immune cells

(3) Regulation of antigen and antibody

(D) the regulation of complement

(e) regulation of cytokines

Second, immune regulation at the cellular level.

(a) regulatory T cells

(3) Negative feedback regulation of apoptosis on immune response

(d) Regulation of other cells

Thirdly, immune regulation at the whole and group level.

(1) nerve? Endocrine? Regulation of immune network

(2) Immune regulation at population level

Chapter 17 Epidemic Immunity and Endurance

First, the formation and performance of immune tolerance

(1) Immune tolerance caused by antigen exposure in embryo and newborn period.

(2) Immune tolerance caused by acquired contact antigen

Second, the immune tolerance mechanism

(1) center tolerance

(2) Peripheral tolerance

Third, immune tolerance and clinical medicine

(A) the establishment of immune tolerance

(b) breaking immune tolerance

Chapter 18 Hypersensitive Reaction

Type I hypersensitivity

(a) the main components involved in type I hypersensitivity.

(2) The process and mechanism of type I hypersensitivity.

(3) Common clinical diseases

(4) prevention and control principles

Type Ⅱ and type Ⅱ hypersensitivity

(2) Common clinical diseases

Type III and type III hypersensitivity

(A) the mechanism of occurrence

(2) Common clinical diseases

Four. Type IV hypersensitivity

(A) the mechanism of occurrence

(II) Type IV hypersensitivity commonly seen in clinic

Chapter 19 autoimmune diseases

I. Overview

Second, the immune damage mechanism and typical diseases of autoimmune diseases

(a) autoimmune diseases caused by autoantibodies

(2) autoimmune diseases caused by autoreactive T lymphocytes

Third, the related factors of autoimmune diseases

(1) releases antigen at immune isolation site.

(2) Autoantigen changes.

(3) Microbial infection

(4) Epitope diffusion

(5) Immune neglect

(6) heredity

(7) Gender

Fourth, the principles of treatment of autoimmune diseases

Chapter 20 Immunodeficiency

I. Overview

Second, the primary immunodeficiency disease

(a) Primary B cell defect

(2) Primary T cell defect

(3) Primary combined immunodeficiency

(D) to make up the system defects

(5) Impaired phagocytosis.

Third, acquired immunodeficiency disease.

(a) Factors inducing acquired immunodeficiency disease

Four, the principle of treatment of immunodeficiency disease

Chapter 21 Tumors

A, tumor antigen

(A) the molecular mechanism of tumor antigen production

(2) Classification and characteristics of tumor antigens

Second, the body's immune response to tumor antigens.

(a) humoral immune response

(2) Cellular immune response

(3) Nonspecific immune response

Third, the immune escape mechanism of tumor

(a) Factors related to tumor cells

(2) Factors related to the host immune system

Four. Immunodiagnosis, immunotherapy and prevention of tumor

(1) Immunodiagnosis of Tumors

(2) immunotherapy of tumor

Chapter 22 Transplantation from Epidemic

I. Overview

(1) transplantation immunity

(2) the type of transplantation

(3) Types of reactions that may occur during transplantation

Secondly, the recognition mechanism of allograft rejection

(A) the characteristics of allograft rejection

(2) Recognition mechanism of allotype antigen

Three, the types of allograft rejection and its influencing mechanism

(1) host's anti-graft reaction (HVGR)

(ii) Graft versus host reaction (GVHR)

Four. Allograft rejection

(1) Select suppliers with matching organization types.

(B) the application of immunosuppressive drugs

(3) inducing transplantation tolerance

Verb (abbreviation of verb) is related to other fields of transplantation immunology.

(1) xenotransplantation

Chapter XXIII Diagnosis of Epidemic Diseases and Exemption from Diagnosis

I. Detection of antigen or antibody

(A) the principle of antigen-antibody reaction

(2) Detection method of antigen or antibody

Second, the determination of immune cells

Isolation and type identification of (1) lymphocytes

(2) Determination of white blood cell function

Third, the application of immunological detection methods

Chapter XXIV Immune Prevention and Treatment

I. Immunoprophylaxis

(1) Basic requirements for vaccines

(2) Artificial active immunity

(3) Artificial passive immunity

(4) adjuvant

(5) planned immunization

(vi) New vaccines and their development

Molecular therapy

(2) cell therapy

(3) biological response regulator and immunosuppressant

appendix

Appendix 1 explanation of important terms

Appendix 2 Important Questions and Answers

List of abbreviations

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