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Libraries after the invention of movable type printing in the history of western libraries
/kloc-around 0/450, inspired by Chinese movable type printing, German J. Gutenberg made movable type plates with lead, tin and antimony alloys and printed them with ink, which laid the foundation for modern metal movable type printing industry. The use of movable type printing has had a far-reaching impact on the cause of library. Books no longer need to be copied by hand. The management of books and the production of books have also begun to separate, gradually forming two specialized industries: library and book publishing. With the publication of a large number of printed books, the collection of library books has increased at an unprecedented speed, and some large libraries have begun to appear. The surge of books has prompted profound changes in the management methods of libraries (such as classification, description and cataloging). The architectural structure of the library has also undergone great changes, and the method of reading classics by putting locked books and books on the desk has gradually disappeared. 1567, the library of Esculer Palace in Spain adopted the architectural pattern of wall hall for the first time, that is, the inside of the library is a wide and high hall with bookshelves arranged on the surrounding walls, and the spacious space in the middle of the hall can be used for readers' activities and for displaying precious cultural relics such as globes. The collection structure has also changed, the number of publications in national languages has gradually increased, and the proportion of Latin and Greek books has obviously decreased. Books published from movable type printing to 1500 are called cradle books. It is estimated that 40,000 kinds of cradle books were printed during this period. Due to the increase of printed books, many countries began to require publishers to submit publications in order to check the contents of books. 1537 French king Francois I promulgated the first submission law, and governments all over the world followed suit (see publication submission system).