Life:
18 19 June 1 1 was born in the family of a vineyard owner in Hornon, eastern France.
184 1 year, his father sent him to Paris to study law, but he decided to be a painter and study at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts and the Besancon Academy of Fine Arts.
1842 created "the man who smokes a pipe" with the theme of self-portrait.
From 65438 to 0848, influenced by revolutionary thinker proudhon and poet Baudelaire, Courbet took an active part in the revolutionary movement in French society.
1849, because the revolution aroused Courbet's interest in depicting poverty scenes, Courbet created The Quarryman.
1854, his paintings were exhibited in Frankfurt, which was a great success in the eyes of the German public.
Influenced by the revolutionary thinker proudhon and the poet Baudelaire, Courbet took an active part in the revolutionary movement in French society in 1848.
1855 The anti-traditional spirit of the wooden cangue exhibition won him the support of a large number of radical young painters.
From 65438 to 0855, Courbet created the painter's studio, the most complicated and successful of his oil paintings. In the same year, he held a solo exhibition "Realism-G Courbet Exhibition" in the shack, which won the support of a large number of radical young painters for him.
1867 exhibited the famous river in Under the Green Forest, also known as the Black Spring River.
1872, Courbet joined the Great Paris Commune Movement, served as the chairman of the Association of Commune Members and Artists, and enthusiastically painted flags, badges and various publicity materials for the commune. After the failure of the Paris Commune, Courbet was arrested and imprisoned. Courbet, wearing a beret and a red tie painted in prison, showed his revolutionary style in this period.
1873, Courbet was released from prison on bail by a friend, then went into exile in Switzerland, and died in Lausanne, Switzerland on February 3 1877. At the age of 58.
Initial stage of creation
184 1 year, his father sent him to Paris to study law, but he was determined to become a painter. By the age of 23, he had mastered the main factors of his style. He studied law in his early years and art later. 1839, he went to Paris. In addition to learning from several painters, he also focused on observing social life, and studied and copied some famous paintings in art galleries, including Caravaggio, Rivera, Zubalang, Velazquez and D.
184 1 year, his father sent him to Paris to study law, but he was determined to become a painter. He studied at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts and the Besancon Academy of Fine Arts. By the time he was 23, he had mastered the main factors of his style. Among the ancient masters, he appreciated the skills of the Spanish painter Velá zquez in the17th century and copied many works of Velá zquez collected by the Louvre.
Die in a foreign country
While in prison, Courbet drew tragic events of the failure of the Paris Commune in a small notebook, such as: Sketch "Shot" and "In Prison" (both in the Louvre Museum). He fled to Switzerland in his later years and died in a foreign country.
In his Manifesto of Realism, Courbet established the highest principle of reflecting the truth of life, and affirmed the importance and great significance of civilian life. He linked his creation with the revolutionary movement of the French people. Although his artistic views sometimes seem extreme, such as denying historical themes and disapproving of expressing fantasies in paintings, such remarks are mainly aimed at the falsification and stereotypes of academic art at that time. Generally speaking, Courbet's artistic practice and theory have important historical significance. He had a great influence on other realistic painters in the19th century and impressionist painters afterwards.
Although his early works "Self-portrait with Black Dog" and "The Wounded Man" are romantic, they have shown a realistic tendency. The heyday of his creation began with the revolution of 1848. Hornung's Rest after Lunch (Lille Art Museum, Tibet) and Quarryman (Dresden Art Museum, Tibet) abandoned the tradition of salon art and used commemorative compositions to depict the daily life of civilians, showing the suffering of the people. Although they were violently attacked by conservative forces, they won wide support from public opinion. Excellent works of the same kind include Country Girl, Maid Screen and Bathing Girl. 1855, his large-scale oil paintings "The Funeral of Ornan" and "Studio" were rejected by the jury of the World Expo, so he angrily set up a shed near the World Expo, held an exhibition called "Realism, 40 Works of Courbet", and issued a statement to explain his artistic ideas and challenge the stale themes and rules advocated by conservatives. It is pointed out that realism is essentially the art of democracy; Reflecting the truth of life is the highest principle of artistic creation; Emphasize the importance and significance of reflecting civilian life.
Hornon has a rest after lunch.
Maid screen
Girl on the Screen is the work of Gustav Courbet, a French realist painter in the18th century. Courbet always looks at the world and life from a condescending perspective. He is very concerned about society and has compassion and a sense of justice for the oppressed. He reproduces the real life around him through art, without artificial modification. He painted many female images in his life, and this one is the simplest and can best reflect his aesthetic thought. The focus of the picture is a young woman kneeling in red to sift wheat. She occupies almost the center of the whole work. With superb realistic skills, the author chooses a unique way to express her back to describe her unadorned natural posture, which is really intriguing. The woman in red leaned forward slightly, revealing a clean and slender neck, a plump and strong back wrapped in tights, and round and strong arms. Her graceful posture of sifting wheat is full of youthful strength, giving people a feeling of bodybuilding. You can imagine that this is a healthy and beautiful rural girl.
masonry
From 1849 to 1856, some of Courbet's most important works came out. 1849, in the oil painting "Masonry", shows the hardships of poor workers sympathetically. This is a theme seldom expressed by painters in the past. This painting records the scenes that the painter once witnessed while walking on the road. Instead of sketching the scene, he invited two workers to the studio to be models and then create. This painting contrasts the ruthless reality with romantic fantasy and the idealization and falsehood of academic neoclassicism: how profound and general the images of two workers tortured by life are in the painting, just as the painter himself said when referring to this painting in a letter to a friend: "In such a miserable life, this is everything to them! ..... You see, poverty and misfortune are shown in this way. " Courbet faithfully reproduced the picture of the miserable life of French civilians, which aroused strong social reflection. Masonry was originally stored in Dresden Art Museum. 1945 was burned, and now there are only some printed materials left.
studio
1855, he produced a large-scale oil painting "Studio" (Louvre Museum). The painter called this painting "a true metaphor to sum up my seven-year artistic and moral life". Regarding the content of this painting, the painter himself explained in a letter to a friend: "(in the studio) I painted in the middle." On the right are my colleagues, my friends, workers, people who love the world and art, and on the left are another world, the world of daily life, people, sadness, poverty, wealth, people who hurt them, and people who live on the verge of death. " The characters and props in the painting are metaphorical. For example, the plaster statue behind the easel is an allegory of the rigid academic art.
The funeral of onan, also written in 1849, was not written because of the poverty of human beings like quarrymen. This painting was drawn with amazing skill. The wonderful transparency of landscape colors and the tones of red, white and blue enrich the whole picture. The plane composition is caused by the narrow studio, and the painter can't retreat to the studio to see the paintings. According to Courbet. He had to "draw blindly". Therefore, there are so many people in the foreground; These portraits are mainly literary, not artistic; The painter's intention in painting these portraits is to depict these strong highland personalities who are physically and mentally resilient. The sad expression on a woman's face, although praised, is still a bit artificial; In this painting, what is more commendable is the "painting" of these faces.
Lu Yu.
The painting Lu Yu is actually a group portrait. The painter in the painting is proud, confident and respected. He deliberately lowered the horizon to make the characters look tall, and used outdoor lighting to make the colors bright and transparent. This is a masterpiece of self-expression. What is depicted in the painting is that Courbet, a painter, went out to sketch with a picture box on his back, and met his friend Louisa and his servant on the way. The intention of this painting is to show the painter's arrogant vanity. Therefore, his little wedge-shaped beard in the painting was dubbed "Hello, Mr. Courbet"