Guns, germs and steel is a popular science historical work written by jared diamond, an American historian, which mainly discusses the root causes of inequality and development differences in human history. The main idea of this book can be summarized in one sentence: the geographical environment determines the development of human society. The author believes that different geographical environments determine the distribution and utilization of human social resources, and ultimately lead to the development differences of civilizations in different regions. For example, some important inventions in Eurasia (such as planting agriculture, animal husbandry, ironmaking, writing, etc. ) originated in the Middle East, and then spread to its region through communication and dissemination. However, due to the lack of large livestock such as cattle and horses and plants suitable for farming, the indigenous peoples in America are not as developed as those in Eurasia in terms of tools, food and transportation.