Dynasty: Han Dynasty | Author: Cao Cao

On the east coast, climb Jieshi Mountain to see the vast sea.

The sea is so vast that the islands stand high on the sea.

Trees and paraquat are very lush. Autumn wind makes trees make sad sounds, and the sea is surging.

The movement of the sun and the moon seems to come from the vast ocean.

A trip to the sun and the moon, if unexpected;

Han is a talented star, if you take him by surprise.

I am glad to use this poem to express my inner desire.

Translation and annotation

translate

Go east, climb Jieshi Mountain and enjoy the boundless sea.

How vast the sea is, and the mountain island stands high on the seaside.

Trees and herbs are lush,

The autumn wind blows the trees and makes a sad sound, and the sea is rough.

The movement of the sun and the moon seems to emanate from this vast ocean.

The Milky Way galaxy is full of stars, as if they were born from this vast ocean.

I am very happy, so I use this poem to express my inner ambition.

To annotate ...

(1) Pro: Boarding means sightseeing.

⑵Jie stone: the name of the mountain. Jieshi Mountain, Jieshi Mountain in Changli, Hebei Province. In the autumn of 207 AD, Cao Cao passed by when Wuhuan was victorious and returned to Li.

⑶ Cang: copper "Cang", turquoise.

(4) Sea: Bohai Sea

5] He: How?

⑹澹澹 (à à n): The way the water waves shake.

(7) Stand up straight. Hair, hair and height.

Bleak: The sound of autumn wind blowing trees.

⑼ Hongbo: Surging waves

⑽ Sun and Moon: Sun and Moon.

⑾ If: Like it. I think so.

⑿ Xinghan: Galaxy, Tianhe.

[13] Fortunately, I am very happy.

[14] What: a pole.

⒂ to: Very,

Fortunately, even this song sings ambitiously: What luck! Just use poetry to express your feelings.

The last two sentences are in each chapter and have no direct relationship with the content of this poem. )

References:

1, Chen. Senior high school students must recite ancient poems: Longmen Publishing House, 2065 438+08 02: 149.

Distinguish and appreciate

Cao Cao's Looking at the Sea accurately and vividly depicts the image of the ocean, which is simple and full, rich but not trivial, like a thick charcoal brush stroke. What is particularly commendable is that this poem not only reflects the image of the ocean, but also gives it character. Every sentence is a scene, and every sentence is lyric. It shows the sea and the poet himself. The poet is not satisfied with imitating the shape of the ocean, but tries to express the gestation and turbulent character of the ocean through images. The lifeless sea has a personality in the poet's works. Only in this way can we reflect the face of the sea more truly and profoundly.

"Looking at the Sea" is a lyric poem, which skillfully combines the seascape in front of me with my own ambition. The climax of watching the sea is at the end of the poem. Its feelings are unrestrained, but its thoughts are subtle. Not only did the scene blend, but also the combination of reason and emotion. Because it is implicit, it is more enlightening, more stimulating to our imagination and more intriguing. In the past, people praised Cao Cao's poems as deep, full and powerful, which can be confirmed from here. The tone of the whole poem is desolate and generous, and it is also a masterpiece of Jian 'an's character.

Judging from the genre of poetry, this is an ancient poem; From the way of expression, this is a four-character landscape poem. The words "Jieshi is in the east, looking at the sea" point out the positioning of "looking at the sea": the poet climbed to the top of Jieshi, with a broad vision and a panoramic view of the sea. The following ten descriptions are almost all derived from this. The word "Guan" plays a leading role in the whole article, which embodies the characteristics of this poem's open artistic conception and vigorous momentum.

The first four lines describe the scene of the sea, which is dynamic and quiet. For example, "autumn wind is bleak and the waves are rough" and "what is the water like" describe dynamic scenery, while "trees are full of vegetation" and "mountains and islands are full of scenery" describe static scenery.

"The water is full of water and the mountain island is covered with scenery" is the general impression of seeing the sea at the beginning, which is a bit like the outline of a painting. In this rippling sea, the first thing you see is the towering mountain islands, which are dotted on the flat and wide sea, making the sea look magical and spectacular. These two sentences roughly outline the prospect of the sea, which will be described in depth at different levels below.

"There are many trees and plenty of herbs. The autumn wind is bleak, and Hongbo surges. " The first two sentences specifically describe the mountain island: although the autumn wind is bleak and the vegetation is withered, the trees on the island are lush and the grass is flourishing, giving people a poetic feeling. The last two sentences are a further description of the sentence "What is water like?". Look carefully, the sea in the bleak autumn wind is actually a huge wave, surging and undulating. Facing the bleak autumn wind, the author has an "ambitious" heart.

"The trip to the sun and the moon, if unexpected; Xinghan is brilliant, if it is unexpected. " Using the author's imagination, I wrote the great ambition of the author Cao Cao. The previous description highlights the momentum and strength of the sea in front of readers; In the rich association, the author's broad mind, open mind and grand ambition are displayed. It means a mentality of taking the world into your own hands, just like the sea holds everything. "Fortunately, Lian, the song is to be sung." This is a cliche in the chorus, which has nothing to do with the content of the poem. It is also pointed out that it was sung by Yuefu.

References:

1, Chen Shou. History and Biography of the Three Kingdoms: Zhonghua Book Company, February 2, 2005, Li. Yi Heng Series 6: National Library Press, 20 1 1, 1 1, Guo Moruo. , 1962: 162- 1924

Creation background

Looking at the sea gives the poet deep feelings, through which we can see the poet's own soul. Cao Cao climbed Jieshi Mountain on his way back to Wuhuan Northern Expedition. Wuhuan was a great disaster in Northeast China at that time. In the 11th year of Jian 'an (AD 206), Wu Huan conquered Youzhou and captured more than 100,000 Han people. In the same year, Yuan Shang and Yuan, the sons of Yuan Shao, colluded with Ta Dun, the leader of Wuhuan in western Liaoning, and repeatedly harassed the border, so that Cao Cao had to resolutely decide to conquer Wuhuan in the 12th year of Jian 'an (AD 207). Later, under Tian Chou's fingerprint, he used a trick. Cao Cao finally won a decisive victory in the great war in August this year. This victory consolidated Cao Cao's rear areas and laid the foundation for the next year's conquest of the south, with a view to realizing the grand aspiration of reunifying China. Linking the events before and after, we can see how important a war Cao Cao's northern expedition to Wu Huan was. "Looking at the Sea" is about the time when Wu Huan, who won the Northern Expedition, crossed Jieshi Mountain and returned to Li. [1] Cao Cao, as commander in chief, boarded Jieshi, and Qin Huang and Wu Han also boarded Jieshi, but when the autumn wind was bleak, his mood was as difficult to calm as the sea. He integrated his grand ambition and broad mind into his poems and expressed it through the image of the sea.

References:

1, Chen. Longmen Publishing House: Longmen Publishing House, August 20 12: 150.

The influence of later generations

In the poem "Watching the Sea", the first six sentences are about the real scene, the last four are Cao Cao's imagination, and the last two sentences are not directly related to the original poem. This poem is not only full of scenery, but also unique. It is the earliest masterpiece of landscape poetry in China, especially loved by literary historians. This poem, written on the autumn sea, can wash away the sentimental sentiment of sad autumn and is vigorous and magnificent, which is closely related to Cao Cao's tolerance, personality and even aesthetic taste. In this poem, the scenes are closely connected. By writing about the sea, the author expressed his ambition to unify China and make contributions. This feeling is not directly revealed in the poem, but is hidden in the description of the scenery to express feelings, immersed in the scenery, every sentence is written about the scenery, and every sentence expresses feelings. Although the six sentences in "What's Water" are depicting the vibrant sea scenery, they are actually praising the magnificent mountains and rivers of the motherland and revealing the author's feelings of loving the motherland. Seeing the magnificent scenery of the motherland's mountains and rivers aroused the poet's strong desire to unify the motherland. So with the help of rich imagination, to fully express this desire. The author compares himself to the sea and expresses the poet's broad mind and heroism by writing about the momentum of the sea devouring the universe. His feelings are unrestrained but subtle. Sun and Moon is the climax of landscape writing and the author's emotional development. Poets in the Song Dynasty said that Cao's poems were "as full of vitality as veteran Yan". The poem "Looking at the Sea" has a broad artistic conception and is magnificent, which conforms to the demeanor of an aspiring politician and strategist. Reading its poems really makes people feel like people.

In the 12th year of Jian 'an (207), Cao Cao led an army to conquer Wuhuan, which was a great disaster in Northeast China at that time. This is an important war in Cao Cao's great cause of reunifying the north. On the way to the expedition, I wrote the Yuefu poem "Out of Xiamen" (belonging to "Harmony Song, Sediao Song"). This group of poems consists of five parts, starting with the word "Yan", that is, preface poems. The following articles are named after poems, namely Watching the Sea, Winter in October, He (also known as Different Land) and Guifengshou. From the perspective of music melody, the five parts are a whole, and from the perspective of lyrics, the four parts can be independent.

In the first two sentences, "Jieshi looks at the sea in the east", the poet came to the foot of Jieshi Mountain and climbed to see the sea during the Northern Expedition. Jieshi Mountain was originally located in the southwest of Laoting County in Hebei Province (northwest of Changli County in Hebei Province). The Han Dynasty was still on land, facing the Bohai Sea. Due to the geological changes in the Six Dynasties, it sank into the sea. When the poet climbed Jieshi Mountain and looked down at the sea, he saw: "Where is the water, where are the mountains and islands?" . Even, the water waves are not exciting. The towering appearance of the island. When the poet climbs the mountain, what he can see is the endless sea, and the islands in the sea stand tall. What a spectacular sight it is! In history, both Qin Shihuang and Han Wudi visited here, carving stones and watching the sea. Now, the poet stands in the place where Qin Huang and Hanwu traveled, commanding, looking at the vast sea and towering islands in the sea, thinking that the Central Plains region has been pacified, the northern expedition to Wuhuan has also won a decisive victory, and the reunification of the north is about to be realized. How excited he is! At this time, the poet's eyes were fixed on the island at sea, and in front of him was a vibrant scene: "There are more trees and more grass. The autumn wind is bleak, and Hongbo surges. " The trees are covered with grass, and they grow very luxuriantly. A bleak autumn wind blew and the sea was rough. Although the bleak autumn wind gives people a feeling of sadness and killing, the vigorous grass shows its heroic nature; Hongbo is surging, and the more you see it! This is a true description of the natural environment and a concrete portrayal of the poet's subjective feelings. After winning a series of wars, Cao Cao felt that his great achievements were as full of vitality as flowers and trees, and also full of vitality for the surging sea. Below, the poet developed a rich imagination and further described the magnificent spirit and broad mind of the sea embracing the sun and the moon. "The trip to the sun and the moon, if unexpected; Xinghan is brilliant, if it is unexpected. " The movement of the sun and the moon seems to linger in the arms of the sea, and the brilliant Milky Way stars seem to be wrapped in the belly of the mother sea. Look, this is the spirit of the sea, the mind of the sea. It's spectacular, it's spectacular. Looking at the Sea is a lyric poem about scenery. The poet outlined the magnificent scene of the sea devouring the sun and the moon, which contained thousands of things, showed an open mind and expressed his ambition to make contributions to the reunification of the Central Plains. Although there is no direct expression of emotion, reading the whole poem can still make people feel the poet's feelings deeply entrusted by it. Through the poet's vivid description of stormy waves, we seem to see Cao Cao's great ambition and grand mind of forging ahead and unifying the whole country, and touch the flow of his thoughts and feelings in a typical environment as a poet, politician and strategist. The whole poem is simple in language, rich in imagination, magnificent, desolate and tragic, which has been greatly appreciated by readers of all ages. Shen Deqian commented that this poem "has a cosmic flavor" in "The Origin of Ancient Poetry". This is very accurate.

Yuefu poems in Han dynasty are generally untitled, and the topic of "watching the sea" was added by later generations. Yuefu poetry can be sung, and the last two sentences of the poem are "fortunately!" A song is an ode to ambition. "Music is added, and it is an attachment of the poem, which has nothing to do with the content of the poem.

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