(448200) Lu Xiuxian, Changlin Middle School, Shayang County, Hubei Province

Academic goal

Moral education: Understand the life story of Mr. Lu Xun and inherit the spirit of Lu Xun.

Knowledge points: understand the basic characteristics of "biography" style and learn to write "biography"

Ability: I appreciate the language features of this article, which is concise and plain, but there is no lack of implicit humor.

Teaching focus

Understand the main experience of Mr. Lu Xun recorded in the article.

Teaching difficulties

Interpretation of Lu Xun's spirit; Understand the basic characteristics of "biography" style.

teaching method

Set doubts to stimulate interest, reread and speak appropriately; Discuss and summarize, and combine learning with practice.

Teaching time

3 class hours.

Teaching step

first kind

First, the introduction of new courses.

There is a man who is recognized as the most profound, complicated, contradictory, skeptical and critical literary master in modern China. Students must know who he is, right? Yes, it's Mr. Lu Xun. It seems that the students also love and worship Lu Xun! Lu Xun, a great modern writer and thinker in China. Do you want to know him better? Ok, let's read the article "Autobiography of Lu Xun" together, and pursue Mr. Lu Xun's shining life footprint.

Second, perceive the text.

1, with the help of reference books, remove word barriers; Remember the words in the article that are difficult for you to master.

2. Mark the words that directly or indirectly indicate time in the text to understand some historical events involved in the text. According to the materials provided in this article, list and sort out what Lu Xun confessed in this article.

List of Lu Xun's main activities 188 1- 1930

Causes of intertemporal events (main activities)

Born in 188 1 year.

/kloc-dropped out of school at the age of 0/3 and suffered great changes.

18 years old, traveled to Nanjing and was admitted to the Naval Academy.

It took about half a year to improve the mine road school.

After graduation, he was sent to study in Japan.

After graduating from Tokyo Preparatory School, I decided to study medicine. After I entered Sendai Medical College, I learned that new medicine is of great help to Japan's reform.

Two years later, I gave up my student status and went to Tokyo. Some friends and I made some small juice strokes to advocate that China people be beheaded in Art Nouveau movies. I think it's useless to treat a few people in China. There should be more extensive sports.

My 29-year-old mother and several others hope to get financial help.

I just returned to China to teach chemistry and physiology in Zhejiang two-level normal schools.

In the second year (19 1 1), he became the provost of Shaoxing Middle School.

After the recovery of Shaoxing (19 12), he became the principal of Shaoxing Normal School.

After the establishment of the revolutionary government, he became a member of the Ministry and served as a lecturer in the China Literature Department of the Women's College of Beijing Normal University.

1926 Xiamen university professor is wanted by the Beiyang warlord government.

1926 12 went to Sun Yat-sen University in Guangdong as a professor.

1927 resigned as a professor at Sun Yat-sen University in April.

1927 left Guangdong in September and settled in Shanghai.

19 18 started to engage in literary creation on the advice of a friend Qian.

Third, clear your mind.

1. In what order were these texts written? What is the basis of subdivision? Try to sum up the general idea of each paragraph.

These texts are written in chronological order. Divide paragraphs according to major changes in content. 1 is mainly about family situation, 2 is about going out to study, 3 is about work experience and 4 is about writing.

2. What are the advantages of arranging the order and paragraphs in this way?

This arrangement makes the article orderly and can clearly show the life track of the characters.

Fourth, homework

1, copy the words learned today in the word accumulation book.

Preparation: planning and handling.

Decline: To cause (something) to decline from prosperity.

Student status: a booklet that registers the names of students and mentions their qualifications as students of a certain school.

Academic ability: refers to the degree achieved in learning.

Begging: Begging for food. Begging: Begging.

Livelihood: life; A way to make a living.

Shout: to shout and cheer loudly.

Wandering: walking around, hesitating, not knowing which direction to go.

2. Go to the library to find some information about Lu Xun, and learn more about Lu Xun's life, thought and experience at 188 1- 1930.

Second lesson

First, review and consolidate.

1. Check your mastery of the words learned in the last lesson.

2. Retell Lu Xun's experience of not reading from 188 1- 1930.

Second, discussion and analysis.

Guide and organize students to enrich some vague places in the text according to the information they have found.

1. What is Lu Xun's family background?

-Lu Xun's original surname was Zhou, and his first name was Zhang Shou, later changed to Yushan, and later changed to Yucai. 1881On September 25th, Lu Xun was born in a noble family named Zhou in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. Grandfather Zhou was born in Hanlin and worked as a cabinet secretary in Beijing. He has forty or fifty acres of paddy fields at home, so he has no worries. Although his father is not an official, he is also a scholar. The Zhou family is a typical scholarly family.

Born in such a family, what was Lu Xun's childhood like? Please refer to what you know about Lu Xun's works: Hometown, From Baicaoyuan to Samadhi Bookstore, Social Drama, Achang and Shan Hai Jing.

When a child is born, he doesn't worry about food and clothing. He has loving parents, caring for his family, funny friends, charming paradise, knowledgeable teachers' guidance and the influence of scholarly family. Lu Xun's childhood should be said to be very happy.

3. What happened to Luxun's family? What's the situation at home?

-Lu Xun's grandfather was dismissed from office and imprisoned for allegedly cheating in the examination room. Prison management needs money, and my father needs money after three years of illness, so that the family's finances have fallen sharply and tuition fees cannot be raised. Moreover, the family has not fallen behind, and relatives and people have changed their faces one by one. This drastic change made Lu Xun deeply feel the cold of the world and the dark side of life. As a result, Lu Xun's strong suspicion and critical spirit was formed.

4. Why did Lu Xun improve the Mine Road School soon after he was admitted to the Naval Academy?

As the saying goes, "cheap goods are not good." Because Lu Xun had no money to study, he had no choice but to choose the naval academy that was not admitted at that time. Although he doesn't need tuition, the teacher is so poor that he can't learn anything at all. It was not until 20 years after Lu Xun left that the teacher of Jiangnan Naval Academy openly asserted in class: "There are two earths, one is automatic and the other is passive, one is called the Eastern Hemisphere and the other is called the Western Hemisphere."

If many of Lu Xun's life choices before going abroad were forced and helpless, then after studying in Japan, Lu Xun also experienced several life choices. What's the difference between them? Why did Lu Xun choose to study medicine? What is the reason for deciding to abandon medicine and join the arts? From here we can see what kind of person Lu Xun is. )

-Lu Xun chose to study medicine because he knew that new medicine would be of great help to Japanese reform. He wanted to change the situation of China as the "sick man of East Asia" by studying medicine, so as to achieve the goal of strengthening the country. But later I learned that physical weakness is not the root cause of bullying, but ignorance and numbness are the root causes. Therefore, I want to enlighten the people by advocating new literature and art, enrich the country and strengthen the people, and change the backward appearance. It can be seen that Lu Xun has a strong patriotic spirit.

If Lu Xun was thinking more about his future and destiny before going abroad, then Lu Xun who accepted new ideas after going abroad will grow into a person who takes saving the country and the people as his ideal and actively explores the road to saving the country.

6. Please talk about Lu Xun's understanding of moving from one school to another after returning to China in the context of the times.

-Lu Xun is like a trapped beast. His ideal of saving the nation from subjugation was running around in the dark old China.

7. The last paragraph of the article tells the works of Lu Xun. According to the famous works, briefly explain the role of Lu Xun in the enlightenment thought.

(1) Requirements: Remember the names of the collections introduced in this paragraph.

(2) Thinking: Biography is mainly about writing life stories, but this paragraph is written. Can it be deleted?

-Cannot delete. Because Lu Xun is not only a great revolutionary and thinker, but also a great writer. His revolutionary practice all his life is closely related to his literary creation. Literary creation is his main way to praise the people, publicize the truth and attack the enemy. His works are treasures in the treasure house of world culture and his greatest contribution to mankind. Obviously, if this paragraph is deleted, the biography will have great defects.

(Reference: ① Diary of a Madman criticizes the "cannibalism history" of old China; ② The True Story of Ah Q criticizes the national inferiority; (3) in memory of Liu Hezhen's attack on the reactionary rule of warlords. )

Third, understand the characters.

1. Through the previous study, we know the main experience of Lu Xun from birth to biography. Let's study, these experiences can show what kind of person the author is.

Requirements: ① Under the guidance of Exercise 2 and Exercise 3No. 1 after class, refer to the notes of the text, carefully read the two fragments in the text, that is, write the fragments of refusing to be screen friends and businessmen and giving up doctors, and think about the problems raised in the exercise. ② Discuss the item 1 in Exercise 2 and Exercise 3 in groups to find common ground. Put aside differences, form an answer, and choose representatives to prepare to speak. (3) Ask one group of representatives to answer orally, and let other group representatives who have objections speak (if not, stop).

2. When the students read by themselves and discuss in groups, the teacher comes to the classroom to provide consulting services for the students, and makes some supplementary introductions to the background, process and details of the matter. After the group representatives answer the questions, the teacher will make a short comment and correct the mistakes.

3. Teacher's statement: From the story that the author doesn't want to be a screen friend or a businessman, we know Lu Xun, an ambitious and outstanding young man. With dissatisfaction with the dark reality and the ideal of pursuing new ideas and new things, he resolutely stepped out of the threshold of feudal patriarchal society and left his hometown to study in Nanjing. His experience of abandoning medicine for literature made us deeply feel the profound patriotic feelings of young Lu Xun. These two things are really touching. In fact, there are countless touching stories in Lu Xun's life. As far as this article is concerned, every experience recorded in it is unusual. As written in the article, "going out" many times is the spiritual portrayal of his pursuit of truth; Another example is that the "Duan government" wants to arrest me, which also shows his firm stance and revolutionary spirit of vowing to oppose the reactionaries. But these contents are very simple, and students can't see them clearly for a while. They need to enrich their experience and gradually understand them in the future.

Fourth, homework

Finish Exercise 3 after class.

Lesson 3 Elbow

I. About Biography

1. Through the study of the last two classes, we know that Lu Xun's experience and thoughts are extremely rich and complicated, and it is entirely possible to write a thick book about Lu Xun's biography. In fact, people have studied thousands of Lu Xun's books, and we can completely revive a more vivid and concrete image of Lu Xun based on many other materials. Let the students think about the characteristics of biography.

-① Short and pithy; (2) Don't lay out details; ③ The language is concise and rigorous.

2. If you want to talk about autobiography, let's start with biography. Biography is a style that describes the life experiences of characters, also referred to as "biography". Biography needs a true story. In terms of creative methods, it can be roughly divided into two categories: one is a historical biography with detailed historical facts; The other is literature, which describes the life experiences, mental outlook and historical background of various characters in a visual way. This is biographical literature. In terms of length, it can be divided into big biography and small biography. Short, a brief description of a character's life story, called "biography", is generally about 1000 words. From the perspective of biography, it can be divided into autobiography and biography. His biography is a biography describing other people's thoughts, experiences, words and deeds, and is generally written for people who have made outstanding achievements and great influence in a certain aspect; An autobiography is a book or an article about a person's life experience. Autobiographies can be long or short. Please classify this article according to each point.

-Lu Xun's autobiography is to write your own biography, which belongs to autobiography, biography and historical biography.

Second, taste language.

Introduction: As the saying goes, writing is like a person. This sentence is most suitable for Mr. Lu Xun. Almost every article of his is as wonderful as his life. This article can be regarded as a model of autobiography: a thousand-word essay, involving his main activities for most of his life, is not long and has a large capacity; The language is concise and detailed, just right. Besides, there is no lack of implicit humor in the plain language of this article.

Requirements: Read questions 3 and 4 in exercise 3 after class, experience the taste of words such as "scholar" and "saying I am not good" in question 3, then compare the differences between "bad" in question 4 and "bad" in question 3, and exchange experiences with each other.

Clear: A. Question 3: The informant who said that he wanted to kill me was "saying that I am not good", which can show contempt for the enemy and show courage and fearlessness; Calling informers "scholars" is not without ridicule. B. question 4: different. The "bad" in the previous sentence is "bad" and is used in the sentence with a contemptuous tone; The word "bad" in this sentence is a modest word.

Third, the class summary

In this class, we learned some of Lu Xun's life stories and works from his autobiography, deepened our understanding of him, and felt his lofty spirit and great contribution, which benefited us for life. Moreover, the text also provides us with a classic biographical example, from which students can understand the basic characteristics of biographical style, which should be helpful for future writing.

Fourth, apply what you have learned.

Imitate an autobiography, no less than 400 words.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) assigns homework.

Autobiography of Lu Xun was written on 1930. If he had written a short biography for himself shortly before his death, what else might he have written? Try to write an exchange.

blackboard-writing design

Lu Xun's autobiography

Lu Xun, formerly known as Zhou Zhangshou, formerly known as Zhou Shuren.

Content of the article:

First, the family background from prosperity to decline

Second, the choice of life path: studying abroad, abandoning medicine and joining literature

Third, work, in old China.

Fourth, the ideological enlightenment of writing novels and essays.

Article type:

Biography-historical biography-biography-autobiography

Teaching postscript

Lu Xun is the greatest cultural giant in modern China. Through this article, we can learn some basic information about Lu Xun. However, this article is a short biography. Teaching must be combined with Lu Xun's works that students have learned (such as Hometown, From Baicaoyuan to San Tan Yin Yue, Social Drama, A Chang, Shan Hai Jing, etc.). ) Learn more about Lu Xun's experience, thus reviving a more vivid and concrete image of Lu Xun.

As a biography of a character, it is a biography in terms of length and an autobiography in terms of its owner (biography). Teachers should make full use of the relevant knowledge of narratology to guide students to understand the characteristics of autobiography and biography. Autobiographical knowledge is a new knowledge point and needs to be explained. By introducing the related concepts such as biography, autobiography and biography together, a small system can be formed to enable students to increase their knowledge of Chinese. There is no need to introduce the author in detail in the "explanation", because Lu Xun's works have been involved many times in previous teaching, and because this passage itself introduces Lu Xun. Background materials are very important to the teaching of this paper, but they are not included in the "problem solving". This is because there are many and wide background materials involved in this paper, and it is too difficult to introduce them centrally, otherwise the Chinese class will be out of flavor and become like a history class. A more appropriate way is to insert some background introductions in the process of learning the text as appropriate, step by step, which will not only help students to establish an overall perceptual understanding of the material content, but also produce a certain rational understanding of the structural form.