Legendary monster
In ancient Zhong Ding, the shape of the head was carved on Yi vessels as decoration. "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals": "If you are greedy, you can eat it, but if you don't swallow it, it will harm you." "Classic Wonder Book of Southwest Wilderness": "Southwest is a sea of people, hairy, greedy as a wolf, greedy for their own money, and does not eat other people's valleys. The strong seize the old and the weak, and fear to strike the order, which is called gluttony. " "Song Shaobo recorded after listening" Volume 26: "Shao Shengchu, his ancestor was an official in Chang 'an Mansion. He sold soup and cakes in front of the temple of Emperor Gaozu in Xicheng, and got a white jade, which was more than a foot high. Carved with clouds and dragons all over the ground, it is built into a mountain in the sea, which is enough for gluttony and is the treasure of three generations. "With the changes of the times, the gluttonous pattern in the business harmony symbolizes the meaning of governing the country and is gradually forgotten by people. Later generations have exaggerated the gluttonous part of the gluttonous image. Su Dongpo once wrote an article "Ode to a Gourmet", saying that "the beauty of polymers is made to support my gourmets", adding cuteness to gluttony. Up to now, friends who like food are called "gluttony".
In Shan Hai Jing, the word "you are an owl" refers to gluttony.
Ding and gluttony
Gourmet food, so stand in the tripod cover. He also said that gluttony is called gluttony, so gourmets are commonly known as "gourmets"; Greedy for money. Represents greed in human nature.
Shu Wei Huan Xuan Chuan, a greedy and disabled person: "Take the pride of concubines, almost like six bodies, and make ministers and servants shoot as matchmakers, and the long history is to welcome guests and celebrate the long autumn."
Gluttony and gluttony
Gluttony (15)
The first act of Cao Yu's Peking Man: "And he is the most particular about eating. He is a famous glutton and is good at tasting the beauty and evil of food. " "Gluttony" is a mythical beast in ancient legends in China, and its greatest feature is that it can eat. It is a fictional mysterious monster. This monster has no body because he eats his own body too much, only a big head and a big mouth. He was so greedy that he finally ate himself. It is a symbol of greed, so it is often used to describe greedy or greedy people.
Tang Du Fu's poem "Chewing": "Pretend to be a thief, gluttonous." Qing Li Yu's "Nai Tian Companion Vinegar": "In the end, I don't feel gluttonous, and the first guest is empty." Nie Gannu's: The evil spirits of human beings inhabit these living bones, and in their dead lives, they feast on human flesh. "
Metaphor greed
Greedy and incomplete "Old Tang Wenshuyuan Xia Chuan Ada": "There is no policy of clearing benefits at home, but there is gluttony; There is no loyalty, but there is a crime of rape. " Ai Qing's poem "Reed Flute Ma Qian": "Its gluttonous swallowing of whales can make the rich land of the East suffer from locust plague and drought, which is beyond saving!"
One of the four murderers.
"Zuo Zhuan Wen Zhuan Gong Eighteen Years": "Yao, a guest in four doors, four fierce families, chaos, and gluttony, voted for four generations to resist charm. It is because of the collapse of Yao that the world is one, and it is one, thinking that the son of heaven, with sixteen differences and four evils. " "Lu Chunqiu Yijun [1]": "To the north of Sakamoto, falcons, birds and countries are spying and gluttonous." The four fierce people only use chaos, Qiong Qi, elegance and gluttony as metaphors.
Other explanations
Gluttony is a tattoo totem, with Australian aborigines as the offshoot of Kabang, Hainan Li people as Taotan, and Xiangxi Miao people as disciples or tone sandhi. "The Biography of Nan Man in the Later Han Dynasty": The famous canal commander said that the delicate husband and wife called for disciples.
In the Southern Dynasties, the surname of Liang Sai-jo gave Wuling Ji Wang a gluttonous surname. See Liang Shu's Biography of King Wuling.
Gluttony, one of the seven deadly sins in Divine Comedy, is wasting food, or indulging one's appetite excessively, drinking too much or hoarding too much food. Dante's view is "excessive greed for pleasure."
2 History editing
Ci Hai records:
Gluttony is "the legendary gluttonous beast." In ancient Zhong Ding, the shape of its head was carved as a decoration. When explaining the word gluttony in Ci Hai, it is said that gluttony is "greed". In A Brief History of Rites and Music, Yan Shigu noted: "Greedy is gluttony. "Especially gluttony."
"Lingyi Jing Southwest Wilderness Jing": "There are people in the southwest, with hair on their bodies and tapirs on their heads. Greed is like evil, gathering wealth without using it, stealing people's food (the original sentence "gathering wealth without eating people's food" was changed according to the historical records of the five emperors). The strong take the old and the weak, and fear to attack the single, which is called gluttony. " Spring and Autumn Annals is a gluttonous person, and Jinyun is also a talented person. "
"Zuo Gong Eighteen Years" says: "Jinyun's family is incompetent, gluttonous, bribing with goods, invading luxury, and can't be tired; Accumulate facts and don't know the truth; No matter who is widowed, there is no pity. People in the world are more fierce than the third watch, which is called gluttony. " This is the so-called Spring and Autumn Annals in the mind.
"Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals": "Writing gluttony has a body. He didn't swallow his body when he ate, and his words were more rewarding. " [2]
Song's Biography of Human-God: "The God of Human-God is not very common. There are three generations of barbarians, as many as Human-God, which is a ring of greed and abuse. Its image rate is animal-shaped and its meat wings are rich. " If you slap what you say, you are almost greedy.
Zuo Zhuan says that gluttony is "the Jinyun family is not a gifted scholar", and Historical Records of the Five Emperors says: "The Jinyun family is a gifted scholar, greedy for food and goods, and the world calls it gluttony." Jia Xuan was quoted in Historical Records of the Five Emperors: "Jinyun, surnamed Jiang, descended from Emperor Yan, was an official in Jinyun when the Yellow Emperor was there." Jiang Chiyou's surname is also a descendant of Emperor Yan (Biography of Daoshi Chiyou), so Chiyou is probably the "incompetent" gluttony of Jinyun. According to legend, gluttony is the resentment after being beheaded after being defeated by Emperor Yanhuang, and it has the ability to devour everything. It was sealed by the Yellow Emperor with a Xuanyuan sword (with a dragon tattoo on it) and guarded by the lion family for generations (a gatekeeper lion). And "Yan Yan" recorded in The Two Classics of Shan Hai Jing Bates is considered by Guo Pu to be the gluttony in Zuo Zhuan.
Genie: There is an evil beast at the southernmost tip of China, with four black eyes, a long neck and four feet. It is fierce and extremely greedy. It would be a disaster if the March was swift and violent. A kind of dragon water beast, with an inclined head and a cold body, is mostly bluish-white, with a body length of tens of feet, sometimes mild and sometimes violent, flying up and stirring up dozens of feet of water waves, which is extremely powerful.
There is a cloud in the Western Divine Classic: "Gluttony, the name of the animal, the body is like an ox, the face is like a man, and the eyes are under his arm, eating people."
3 gluttonous culture editor
Gluttony is a legendary evil animal that is extremely greedy, so greedy that it eats up all its body, so its appearance is generally headless. "An Introduction to Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals" said: "Greedy, having a body, eating without swallowing its body, but also appreciating it with words." In ancient China mythology, gluttony was one of the four evils. Legend has it that the Yellow Emperor attacked Chiyou, who was beheaded, and became overeating on his first landing. There is a cloud in Shan Hai Jing Bei Shan Jing: "There is more jade on the mountain and more copper on the mountain in Wu Gou. There is a beast that looks like a sheep's face, has eyes under his arm, teeth are claws, and sounds like a baby. It is called cannibalism. "
A person who loves ...
According to Guo Pu's annotation in Jin Dynasty, "Linli" here means gluttony. There is a similar record in the Strange Book of the West: "Gluttony, animal name, body like an ox, human face, eyes under the armpit, cannibalism." Yi Shu Jing said that "gluttony" refers to Sanmiao people in southwest China, and chen more, a close friend, further said that "gluttony" is Chiyou, while Mr. Wang's query on bronze decoration is considered as Shennong. In the later period, there was a legend among the people that a dragon gave birth to nine children. Lu Rong and Yang Shen in Ming Dynasty listed gluttony as one of the nine sons of the dragon, which is already a kind of attachment. In Lu Rong's Miscellaneous Notes on the Garden, it is recorded that gluttony "is good for water, so the bridge is built", while in Yang Shen's Collection of Mountaineering Temples, it is recorded that gluttony is good for food, so it is built on the tripod.
The animal face decoration of Shang and Zhou bronzes reflected the worship of natural gods at that time, so it had a mysterious and solemn atmosphere. However, there are different opinions about what these mysterious decorative patterns represent. Bronze ware is the embodiment of the ancestors' consciousness of "respecting god" in Yin Shang Dynasty, while the Zhou Dynasty developed into "respecting heaven and legalizing ancestors", forming a trinity of religion, political power and clan power. Most scholars believe that the rulers of Shang and Zhou dynasties used the "ferocious terror" of bronze decorations to express the "mysterious majesty" of kingship and to express their possession of political power, status and wealth, which is daunting. Slave owners put all their majesty, will, glory, fantasy and hope on these horrible and ferocious ornamentation. Mr. Zhang Guangzhi also thinks that "bronze is politics and power", but he thinks that these animal designs are not for intimidation, but for communication with God. Due to the low level of productive forces in primitive society, many unexplained phenomena are attributed to the power of God. People are full of awe of the gods, begging for them, pleasing them, and dominating things with the help of divine power. Therefore, the status of wizards who can communicate with the gods is very high, and the wizard class has become the original imperial ruling class. Sacrifice is the privilege of wizards, and it is also the central link to communicate between man and god and sanctify human order. Wizards communicate with gods with animals on bronzes, so these strange animal patterns also represent mystery and power. According to the textual research of gentle Mr. Chen Gong Zhang Changshou, the most primitive form of faceless animal face pattern is just a pair of round bubble-shaped chest nails to show the eyes of animal face, which can be traced back to Erlitou culture at the earliest, and then gradually added with nose, horn, ears and eyebrows to become an animal face with complete organs. The order is the main body of the animal face pattern, because the animal face pattern generally has only eyes, which should have originated from the prehistoric eye worship. There are pairs of eye patterns on prehistoric painted pottery, and there are also pairs of eye patterns on jade. In the late Neolithic period, there appeared the standard animal face pattern and the simplified animal face pattern, namely the eye pattern. According to the textual research of Mr. Tang Huisheng, the god in shamanism is also the sun god, and the sun god is often painted as an eye, because in many ancient myths, the sun is called the "eye of heaven". For example, the sun god of the Polo Sect, also known as "the eye of the sky" or "the eye of the world". Scholars who hold this view believe that the traditional gluttonous pattern is not only a kind of animal face pattern, but also belongs to god or sun god. The emphasis on eyes in gluttonous patterns is a description of their characteristics as the divine light of the sun. [3]
This kind of gluttonous decorative pattern first appeared on the jade articles of Liangzhu culture in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River 5,000 years ago, but it was more common on bronzes, especially on Ding, and as far away as Erlitou Xia culture.
However, the name "gluttonous pattern" did not exist in ancient times, but was named by Song people when epigraphy rose. The most perfect gluttonous mask is 2 1.0 cm high, which is now in the Seattle Library. This decoration usually takes the bridge of the nose as the center line and is symmetrically arranged on both sides.
What exactly does gluttony mean? There have been different opinions, and there is no conclusion so far. There are many types of gluttonous patterns in Shang and Zhou Dynasties, some of which are like dragons, tigers, cows, deer and mandrills. Others are birds, phoenixes and people. Among all the decorative patterns, the gluttonous pattern is the most widely recognized tiger shape.
In ancient times, the tiger was also a very important god beast. Later, the figure of a wizard riding a tiger appeared in the cultural relics.
In the long cultural history of China, there was a long stage of dragon and tiger worship before the worship of "Dragon and Phoenix". From the Eastern Zhou Dynasty to the Western Han Dynasty, Long Hudou's pattern modeling was very popular, among which the Long Hudou figure unearthed from Mawangdui Han Tomb was the most exquisite and extraordinary. The ancients thought that the tiger was a yang beast, "the cloud follows the dragon and the wind follows the tiger." Fighting between dragons and tigers means intercourse between yin and yang. In the Han Dynasty, Black Dragon, White Tiger, Suzaku and Xuanwu respectively represented the four astronomical officials in the Middle East, the West, the South and the North. At least, in the early history of China, the status of the tiger was not lower than that of the dragon. However, the description of the magical power of the tiger in ancient books is obviously difficult to compare with the prominent position of gluttony in bronze wares.
The real name and prototype of the beast referred to in the animal face pattern have long been buried in an era that cannot be reproduced. Later generations were named gluttonous because of their ferocious, mysterious and horrible faces, and some of them still had heads in their mouths. Gourmets were originally used in Zuo Zhuan to describe heartless people who are greedy for money and food. Modern scholars point out that it is far-fetched to name the animal tattoo as a gluttonous person, which goes against the social and cultural situation in Shang and Zhou Dynasties.