San Cao (Cao Cao and Cao Zhipi) is a representative figure of Jian 'an literature.
Seven sons of Jian' an:
Kong Rong, a family member, the 20th grandson of Confucius, was born in Qufu, Shandong Province. When he was young, he gave a big pear to his brother and took a small pear himself, so he was a fairy. This is the story of "Kong Rong gives pears". In his early years, he joined the crusade against Dong Zhuo and later worked for Cao Cao, but he was executed for discouraging Cao Cao from attacking Liu Bei.
As the eldest son of Jian 'an, he is rich in literary talent. The only existing works are prose and poetry. Prose, such as "Recommend a Balance Sheet" and "On Xiaozhang Sheng with Cao Gong", are flowery and full of lovers' flavor; Humor in Talking with Cao Cao about Prohibition. His second poem, Miscellaneous Poems, describes the bereavement in simple terms, which is sad and moving.
Chen Lin (? -Kong Zhang, a native of Guangling (now Jiangdu, Jiangsu Province), was one of the seven sons of Jian 'an, and was a minister who was good at playing tricks. Drinking horses in the Great Wall Cave is his masterpiece. Taking the story of Qin building the Great Wall as an excuse, it is particularly profound to expose the suffering brought by heavy corvee to the people.
RoyceWong, a native of Gaoping, Yang Shan (now Zouxian, Shandong), was one of the seven sons of Jian 'an, with the highest achievement. His Seven Wounded Poems and Ode to the Building best represent the spirit of Jian 'an literature. One of the Seven Wounded Poems (Xijing Rebellion is nothing) describes the scene of starving women abandoning their children on their way to Chang 'an to avoid Jingzhou Rebellion, which profoundly reveals the terrible scene caused by the warlord scuffle at the end of the Han Dynasty and the profound disaster of the people, making people dumbfounded. Ode to the Building was written when I was in Chengtou, Maicheng, Jingzhou. It mainly expresses homesickness and sadness of failing to satisfy my talent. It is full of touching power and is a famous lyric poem.
Xu Gan, a native of Beihai (now Weifang City, Shandong Province), was one of the seven sons of Jian 'an. The main work is Zhong Lun, and Cao Pi praised this book for its elegant writing, which can be handed down to future generations. "("Book with Wu ") and his love poem" Thinking Room "are also written with passion.
The word Yu, named Chen Liuwei (now Kaifeng, Henan), was one of the seven sons of Jian 'an. The secretary of Zhang Biao is excellent, and his masterpiece is Writing for Tsao Gong and Sun Quan. The poem "Drive Away from the Northland" is more vivid in describing the pain of orphans being abused by their stepmother.
Angelababy (? -2 17 years), born in Runan (now southeast of runan county, Henan Province), was one of the seven sons of Jian 'an. He is good at writing poems, with dozens of essays, and his masterpiece "Poems of Zhang Taihe Standing on Five Sides" has a sad tone.
Serina Liu was born in Dongping (now Dongping County, Shandong Province), one of the seven sons of Jian 'an. There are fifteen poems today, three of which are representative works. They are concise, easy to understand and good at comparison and comparison.
Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest: The collective name of seven famous people in the Three Kingdoms, namely Ji Kang, Ruan Ji, Dan Tao, Xiang Embroidery, Liu Ling, Ruan Xian and Wang Rong.
They often gather under the bamboo forest in Yang Shan (now Xiuwu, Henan) and enjoy themselves freely, so they are called the seven sages of bamboo forest in the world. Most of them advocate the knowledge of Zhuang zi and Zhuang zi, are informal in manners and laws, and are open-minded by nature. Politically, Ruan Ji, Liu Ling and Ji Kang did not cooperate with Sima Group, and Ji Kang was killed. On the contrary, Wang Rong and Dan Tao successively took refuge in the Sima family, served as senior officials and became confidants of the regime. Ji Kang and Ruan Ji are representatives of article creation. For example, Ji Kang's "Breaking Up with the Mountain Gathering Source", based on Lao Zi and Zhuangzi's devotion to nature, explained that he could not be an official, and publicly showed his political attitude of not cooperating with Sima Jia. This article is very famous; Another example is Ruan Ji's Eighty-two Poems of "Yong Huai", which implicitly exposes the evil deeds of the supreme ruling group and satirizes the hypocritical ethical code people by means of comparison and sustenance. Therefore, through the article creation of the seven sages, we can get a glimpse of their respective aspirations and interests.
After Jin, there are Yu Xin, Xie Lingyun and Xie Tiao.
artistic
1: Three Kingdoms Period
During the Three Kingdoms period, official script began to decline from the peak position of Han Dynasty, and evolved into regular script, which became another theme of calligraphy art. Regular script, also known as official script and original work, was created by Zhong You. Regular script entered the history of stone carving in the Three Kingdoms period. The Three Kingdoms (Wei) Period's "Recommended Season Straight Table". "Declaration Form" and so on have become the treasures of several generations.
2. Jin Dynasty
In the Jin Dynasty, he advocated elegance and taste in life, and pursued the beauty of moderation and modesty in art. Calligraphers came forth in large numbers, and bamboo slips were the two kings (Wang Xizhi. Wang Xianzhi) Yan Fang's artistic taste caters to the requirements of literati, and people are more and more aware of the aesthetic value of words. Wang Xizhi is the most representative and influential calligrapher in the history of calligraphy in Wei and Jin Dynasties, and is known as the "sage of calligraphy". Wang Xizhi's running script Preface to Lanting is known as "the best running script in the world". Critics say that his writing style is like floating clouds, and his son Wang Xianzhi's Ode to Luoshen is magnificent, and his "breaking the body" and "brushstroke" are a great contribution in the history of calligraphy. Driven by Lu Ji, Wei and Jin Dynasties, Suo Jing, Wang Dao, Xie An, Liang Jian and other calligraphy families, Nanzong calligraphy flourished. Yang Xin, Qi, Xiao Ziyun and Chen of Liang in the Southern Song Dynasty were all his followers.
At the peak of calligraphy in Jin Dynasty, it was mainly manifested in running script, which was a font between cursive script and regular script. His representative works "Sanxi", namely "Yuan Bo Tie", "Sunshine Tie in Fast Snow" and "Mid-Autumn Festival Tie".
3. Southern and Northern Dynasties
During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, China's calligraphy art entered the era of "Bei Bei Nan Tie".
The Northern Wei Dynasty and the Eastern Wei Dynasty are the best calligraphers in the Northern Dynasties, and their styles are also colorful. Representative works include Zhang Menglong Monument and Shi Jing Jun Monument. The representative works in the inscription are: thousands of words are really grass. The Northern Dynasties praised their ancestors and revealed their family business, and carved many stones, such as the North Monument and the South Post, the North Tour, the North People and the South Land, and the North Glory and the South Show. These are two basic differences.
For example, the masterpiece of the North-South School is the crane inscription in Nanliang. The Zheng Wengong Monument in the Northern Wei Dynasty can be described as a double star between the North and the South. Most northern writers are Shu Ren, whose calligraphy style is unknown, so calligraphy is crowned as a "saint in the book", while Wang Youjun (Wang Xizhi) in the north is known as a "saint in the book".
Gu Kaizhi, the author of Luo Shen Fu, should be impressed by this famous literary work written by Cao Zhi, the third son of Cao Cao. Cao Zhi was one of the seven sons of Jian 'an, and wrote it when he observed Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms. Legend has it that when Cao Zhi was young, he fell in love with the daughter of the magistrate Yizhen of Shangcai (now Ruyang, Henan). Later, a real daughter married her younger brother Cao Piwei, and after giving birth to Ming Di Cao Rui, Hou Zhen was hanged. After receiving the pillow left by Zhen, Cao Zhi had a dream, so he wrote Ganzhen Fu as a souvenir, which was later changed to Luoshen Fu by Cao Rui. Luo Shen, the legendary daughter of Fuxi, drowned in Luoshui as a god, and the world called her Fu Fei. Comparing Zhen Fei with Luo Shen is actually a kind of nostalgia and sustenance for Zhen Fei. The whole poem "Luo Shen Fu" has beautiful words and describes emotion. The love between God and man is touching. Gu Kaizhi was greatly moved after reading it, so he concentrated his attention and became the "Goddess of Luo". As soon as this volume came out, no one dared to draw this picture, and it became the most influential masterpiece in China's thousands of years of history. Cao Zhi and his entourage in the painting stared at the shore of Luoshui, as if they had seen the long-lost Luoshen. Luo Shen, who came from Ling Bo in the distance, was elegantly dressed, dynamic, euphemistic and calm, with his eyes fixed, showing concern and hesitation. The yearning of two people is touching. The whole picture is bright in color, accurate and smooth in lines, full of dynamic and poetic beauty.
During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, scientific and technological progress was remarkable.
The science and technology of this period inherited the achievements of the previous generation and made innovations in mathematics, agronomy, geography, astronomical calendar, machinery manufacturing, smelting technology, medicine and many other aspects.
Mathematics is one of the most remarkable scientific and technological achievements in ancient China, and the calculation of Zu Chongzhi's pi is the most remarkable achievement in the development of ancient mathematics.
Jia Sixie's Book of Qi Yaomin is the first achievement in agronomy. Since ancient times, agriculture has been the main production department in China, and it is very developed. According to Hanshu? According to Yiwenzhi, there were nine kinds of agricultural books before the Western Han Dynasty. Sheng Shu is an agricultural book in the Western Han Dynasty, but it has been lost. Only by quoting some agricultural books, especially Qi Yao Min Shu, can we know its residual sentences. Qi Yao Min Shu is the earliest complete agricultural book in China. Jia Sixie's works reflect the achievements of ancient agriculture in China in a concentrated, systematic and comprehensive way, especially summing up the production experience in the North during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. Jia Sixie is rigorous in his studies. He "takes jùn, extracts classics, sings, inquires and practices" and finally writes this book on agricultural science.
Geography is also a subject that China attached great importance to in ancient times. During the Western Han Dynasty, people were able to draw accurate maps. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Sang Qin wrote Water Mirror. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Pei Xiu in the Western Jin Dynasty and Li Daoyuan in the Northern Wei Dynasty were both geographers who had great influence on later generations. Pei Xiu drew a geographical map of Gong Yu. "With the names of mountains and rivers in Gong Yu, the time has never been long and has changed a lot." Before finishing this work, he made a serious study of historical geography. On the map of Gong Yu? In the preface, he also put forward six principles of drawing, namely the famous "drawing six bodies" Notes on Water Classics of Li Daoyuan in Northern Wei Dynasty is a comprehensive and systematic geographical monograph in ancient China. The Water Classic Notes recorded 137 rivers, and the Water Classic Notes added more than 1000 rivers. The text has expanded dozens of times, covering a wider range, and the content goes far beyond rivers and hydrology, including the historical changes of rivers, economic conditions, natural landscapes and many other aspects.