There is a famous saying in the west: "Great women guide people to rise." In the ancient patriarchal society, women belonged to the disadvantaged group. There are only a handful of women's names in the vast history books. Especially since the Southern Song Dynasty, Neo-Confucianism has brought more harm to women. In order to cater to the abnormal aesthetic of men, women are required to bind their feet and rule their bodies, and they are also put on the spiritual shackles of "three cardinal guides and five permanents". In addition, women are deprived of their right to name in genealogy, ancestral halls and tombstones. In the thick local chronicles, although there is a chapter on chastity, they are a group without a name. There are also many women's chastity archways in Jiangnan. These records and memorial archways are soaked with women's bitter blood and tears. In thousands of years' history, Jiangnan women have fought for a place in men's world with their love and hate for life. When looking through the genealogy of Jiangnan Beggars' Sect, the author selected several typical women as follows.

Give your life to protect your son.

Yuan Zhecun is the residence of the Chen family, and has settled here since the Tang Dynasty. Dou, the wife of his third ancestor, had a hard life. The doctor said that only one mother and son could survive. Dou said firmly, "I would rather die than let the children live." Mother's heartbreaking cry was recorded in Chen's genealogy and passed down from generation to generation. The surviving child's name is Qi Chen. Later, he was admitted to Jinshi and became a big official. To commemorate his mother's sacrifice, he gave up 80 mu of land and built a "swan" in Lujiang. He was raised by his aunt since childhood. In order to repay his kindness, he built a "Baogu Temple" in Xindu (now Longgang). Qi Chen also built his own grave behind Hongzhi and stayed with his mother day and night. Dou wrote a song of great love in ancient Jiangnan. Yang Ben, a teacher of later generations, was moved by this story when editing the county annals. He wrote in the book "Night Talk in Frosty Red Mansion": "The lying-in woman with spasms appeared in front of my eyes. Her eyes were wide open and she was full of hope, struggling in a pool of blood. Finally, he died in the baby's crying. This is a tragic scene, just like on the battlefield. They are willing to give up their lives in order to save the next generation &; Hellip& amphellip "Hongji, Qi Chen's Tomb, Baogu Temple (namely Longhui Temple) and other relics still exist today.

Raise children and grow up.

In the genealogy of the Jin family, there is also a story of a great woman having children. Chu Jin, a wealthy man in the Ming Dynasty, and his son, Jin Shouqing, were both in Heyuan County. His wife, Zhao Miaoshan, was born in Siming (Ningbo) and is a descendant of the Song imperial clan. Jin Shouqing died at the age of 36, leaving only two sons: nine-year-old Jin Zong and two-year-old Jin Jing. With amazing perseverance, Chair Zhao transported her husband's coffin all the way back to his hometown for burial, and shouldered the heavy responsibility of raising two sons. The eldest son, General Jin, is a little older and very sensible. He helped his mother deal with his father's funeral and behaved appropriately, which won the praise of the villagers. Later, Mr. Jin visited the state government.

Zhao remarried to Hu, a native of Hanchuan, Hubei, and Jin Jing changed her surname with her stepfather. Jin Jing is a bit clumsy, but Zhao has the patience to educate Jin Jing and often studies with him until midnight. Jin Jing is sleepy or hungry. Zhao prepares tea and porridge. When Jin grew up, Zhao said to him, "You are a descendant of Lijin in Longjiang, Pingyang Township. When your father Jin Shouqing, the chief bookkeeper of Heyuan, died, you were still in infancy. I took the coffin all the way back to my hometown for burial. When I was bullied by my people, I was helpless and had to take you to remarry in Huguang. Now that you have grown up, you must study hard if you want to recognize your ancestors. If he grows into a big door, I will die without regret. "

Since then, Jin Jing has worked hard to improve herself, and Zhao's efforts have not been in vain. Jinjing was a scholar in Yongle examination, and the official worshipped Zhejiang Daodu Yushi. Later, with the approval of the emperor, Jinjing successfully resumed his surname. Jin Jing and the Jinzong brothers served in the same dynasty and joined hands with each other. Jin Zong had a cold and died at the age of 57. And Zhao is still here, suffering from the pain of white-haired people sending black-haired people. When Zhao died, he left a will: "I was unfortunately buried in Hanchuan after my death. Be careful not to go against my words. You can stick to your post and stick to the end, let your father know that there is no hatred! " Then he passed away. Jin Jing obeyed her mother's orders and escorted the coffin back to Hanchuan, Hubei Province, where it was buried by her stepfather.

Zhao's lack of chastity after her husband's death may not be perfect, but he endured humiliation. In more than 20 years, he admired General Manager Jin and Jin Jingpei, especially Jin Jingpei, as the Chief Secretary of Fujian. As a mother, she is very successful.

Save her husband's life

During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, there was a woman in the south of the Yangtze River who was sacrificed in the temple because she gave her life to save her husband. Earth-shattering, make the gods cry. She is Chen, the wife of Wu Baoxiu, a scholar in Jiangqian (now in front of the lake). She is a descendant of Chen Ne, a scholar in Jiangkou in the early Ming Dynasty. She is knowledgeable, intelligent and wise. After marrying Wu Baoxiu, the husband and wife love each other. Because they couldn't have children, Chen married two other concubines as husbands. Later, the concubines had children, and Chen regarded them as his own. It is said that after the child is born, the biological mother has no milk to feed. After praying to heaven, Chen poured milk himself. Of course, this legend is too mysterious and unreliable.

Wu Baoxiu was appointed as the magistrate of Nankang (now Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province). Less than a month after he took office, Zong Shen issued a letter to arrest Wu Baoxiu on charges of "resisting tax evasion". The news came that there had been a major earthquake in Nankang. Chen begged her husband to go to Beijing, to live and die. However, Wu Baoxiu did not allow it and advised her to take her family back to Pingyang's hometown to "sweep the grave". Chen put the remaining money and hairpins in a small cloth bag and gave them to two concubines, telling them to take good care of their children. That night, the wind and rain roared and Chen hanged himself. The local people lamented Chen's fortitude. When the mother of Nankang native Dan Zonggao heard about it, she ordered her son to give her a good coffin so that Chen could be buried smoothly.

Wu Baoxiu's grievance aroused the monk's chivalrous heart. He and Wu Baoxiu were strangers, but he went to Beijing to use his relationship to clean up the mess, especially telling the story of Empress Chen's suicide, which aroused her sympathy. The empress dowager really vindicated Wu Baoxiu in front of the emperor. Zongshen is a dutiful son and always gives his mother face. With the help of Yi Tian, a eunuch with a sense of justice, Wu Baoxiu finally saved his life. Later, Nankang and Pingyang both set up temples for Wu Baoxiu and his wife, which are recorded in local chronicles and can be tested.

Textile warp teaching

Looking through Nanjian's "Young's Genealogy", I can't help but be moved by another woman. She is the daughter of Liu Xueying, a famous person in Baisha Sixth Store, and the wife of Yang Run, a Confucian scholar in Nanjian. She knows books and etiquette, and she is diligent and thrifty. Yang Run died young, leaving two young sons, Shi Yang being the eldest. Liu is a knowledgeable woman. After her husband died, she independently supported the responsibility of raising orphans. Because his family was too poor to support a gentleman, Liu made a living from textiles and personally taught his two sons classics. Liu leads a hard life. Later, Shi Yang's friend Chen Yajun created a painting of textile teaching, and celebrities such as Chen Yutan and Lin Zixiu gave a preface to the painting. "Confucianism is in the hall, and the towel is sad." Yesterday was also green, and Zeng Fujun was brilliant; Today I am yellow and can't bear my son's weakness. So I'm afraid of pomelo, and I hesitate to freehand brushwork &; Hellip& amphellip "It's really hard for a person to be touched and make people cry.

Yang Shigong failed when he became famous, but he inherited his father Yang Run's legacy and created Ji Hongxuan at home, burying himself in reading and determined to write. He is the author of fourteen books, including The Pearl Collection of Ouhai. There are poems and songs, historical materials and a wide range of topics. At that time, it was amazing that Shi Yang could create so many works in Lupu, a remote place. When yu zhang, the county magistrate, presided over the compilation of Wenzhou Fuzhi, he received Shi Yang's works presented by squire Yang Zhiting. After reading it, he couldn't help but sigh: "This is the doctor of five counties!"

I once looked through more than 20 existing books on Ouhai's pearls in the Ancient Books Department of Wenzhou Library, all of which were written in neat fine print, stroking the sage's handwriting and deeply impressed his diligence and genius. But if it weren't for his mother Liu Jiao Textile, how could he have made such an achievement?

Women in wartime

War is a man's game, and most women and children just exist as trophies. There are also strange girls in Jiangnan. In times of social unrest, like men, they raised the banner of rebellion and made a few faint cries among the suffering people, adding a little light to the history books.

During the Dade period of the Yuan Dynasty, the court was corrupt and the people were in poverty. * * *, Yang of Jiangnan also raised the banner of righteousness. Surprisingly, it was led by a woman. According to Qi Hai Suotan in Ming Dynasty, in April of the first year of Yuan Dade (1297), Chen Kongya, a native of Jiangkou, joined forces with Sister-in-law Su Jinniang to fight against the Yuan Dynasty, and established the "Luoping State", with the title of Zheng Zhi. Unfortunately, Su Jin Niang was defeated and captured in October. The farmer's "Utopia" died after only half a year.

Hundreds of years later, there was a beautiful woman in Yanting, a seaside resort in the south of the Yangtze River. She was generous and romantic, and her husband couldn't control her, so he sold her to a barber, but her temperament remained unchanged and her reputation spread far and wide. Cai Qian, the leader of the pirate group, went to see her. Although she disguised herself as a guest, this woman is very knowledgeable. The two talked and speculated that Cai Qian bought her with a dozen taels of gold. After this woman joined the pirate group, it was like a dragon swimming in the sea and a horse flying in the south. She commanded well, fought methodically and courageously, and repeatedly defeated the encirclement and suppression of officers and men. Not knowing her name, people call her "Cai".

On one occasion, Xiang Tong, a battle-hardened town army, led dozens of warships to confront Cai Qian Group at sea. Xiang Tong sat at the stern, with soldiers holding Luo Gai for shade. Cai Qian's mother personally lit the cannon and fired at Xiangtong. It happened that Xiangtong bent down to pick up the pipe, and the shell killed the man with the cover behind him. Xiangtong got away with it. In this battle, the loyalist satrap died, and Cai led the army to a great victory. Since then, this female pirate has frightened the officers and men. Later, Cai Qian's mother somehow angered Cai Qian. As a result, Cai Qian kicked her to death, and soon the pirates of Cai Qian Group were wiped out by the loyalist.

In the 26th year of Guangxu (1900) in June, influenced by the Boxer Rebellion in the north, Jin Zongcai, a native of Cailangqiao, Pingyang, set up an altar to accept disciples, and established the "Shenquan Club", which attracted a large number of farmers to join, including Zhang Chen, a female leader of Jiangnan, who was called "Three Girls" and the wife of Chen You, the leader of Tong Yuan in Qihe Village in the south of the Yangtze River. Jin Zongcai and Zhang Lingbing attacked the Catholic church in Qian. As a result, it was attacked by officers and soldiers and vigilantes, and it was defeated between Scylla and Charybdis. Zhang Chen fled to Zhengjialou, was captured by local group member Zheng Youben, escorted to the government, and was finally beheaded.

Women in wartime

Of course, there are virgins and women in Jiangnan, and there are also women with both talents and looks. Such as Zheng Hui (1850&; Mdash 1872), Lan Xue, whose ancestral home is Yongjia, is the concubine of Yin Zhizhong in Jinxiang. Yin Zhizhong helped Qin Ruhu, a general in Fujian, suppress money and became a magistrate. Although he had a wife, when he saw his relative Zheng Songyan's daughter Zheng Hui, who was 15 years old, young and beautiful, he forced her to be a concubine. Zheng Hui is smart, likes reading Chu Ci and Du Fu's poems, and she is diligent. "Every night when she wakes up, she will smell the chicken, and then she will lie on the table and recite it." Zheng Hui became a poet, but unfortunately she was barren. A few years later, Yin Zhizhong moved on and took Xu Qiong as his concubine. When Xu Qiong gave birth to her son, Yin Zhizhong became more estranged from Zheng Hui. Poor Zheng Hui, lonely and helpless, had to make a living by collecting poems. Xu Qiong is also a talented woman. Under the influence of Zheng Hui, she also learned to write poetry. Zheng Hui, who fell out of favor, was thrown in Changle County by Yin Zhizhong, but took Xu Qiong to Yunxiao County to take office. Zheng Hui wrote hundreds of poems without friends. Some people have commented that her poems are "excited by things, concise in language and far-reaching, and elegant and gentle in habits."

After nine years of marriage with Yin Zhizhong, Zheng Hui died of depression at the age of 23. Before she died, she told her relatives to burn the poems she wrote in her life. He also sent a message to his parents: "It's no use having a daughter." After Zheng Hui's death, Yin Zhizhong finally had a conscience. He reprinted his burnt poems into a volume of Su Xin Ting, and asked Li Ciming, a famous man, to write an epitaph.

Unfortunate virgin

These people are either moved by great love, unlucky by beauty, or * * *, which makes people applaud and admire. But after all, women in life can't control their own destiny. Between ethics and people's expectations, they often sacrifice their youth and even their lives for the word honor. If women choose the latter because they are forced by real life or unable to resist moral pressure, they can only choose to accept it helplessly, which is worthy of sympathy. However, there are also many women who take the initiative to do something that surprises men for the sake of honor. I don't know if I should call it pathetic, such as martyrdom.

Zhang Jiabao and Yang Peizhi are famous big landlords and squires in the south of the Yangtze River. He helped his uncle Yang Peiqi to form a militia in Jiangnan. After Yang Peizhi's death, he had a concubine who was also from Wenzhou, as usual. Then she suddenly took a shower and changed clothes. Just before Yang Peizhi's funeral, she drank the poison she had already prepared and committed suicide, which made people unprepared. Later, Yang Guifei's people gave her a merit show.

Wu also has a woman named Zheng in Xiakou. When she was six years old, her father betrothed her to Wu at Xiakou. She follows the rules and stays at home, and her relatives rarely see her face. Wu died when he was 2 1 year old. Zheng wanted to attend the funeral, but his mother refused. Zheng cried and went on a hunger strike, and even threatened to die before he was allowed. When I arrived at the Wu family, I met my parents-in-law's relatives, so I caressed the coffin and wept bitterly, and stayed with them day and night. Lighting a lamp at night, she put the books that Wu had read on the case. Although she can't read, she gesticulates with her fingers and sometimes tears. There are two sets of tableware for dinner, one for the dead husband. She traveled between her husband's family and her mother's family for three years. Every time she goes to her parents' house, she always locks herself in her room and sits silently. One night, my mother woke up from her sleep and found that her daughter was gone and the window was half open, which made her feel very uncomfortable. The next day, Zheng's body was found on the river. It looked lifeless, and people said differently. Later, the Wu family took the body away and buried it together.

The chastity of Zheng's daughter's suicide is deeply moving. Wu Ronglie, Wu's great-uncle, wrote a poem in memory of her: "I am determined to mourn for tears and donate my life at midnight in the province." Qin Lou didn't meet Xiao Lu, so Chu Shui added drums and harps. He went to his house for three years, and he spent a thousand years in chastity. He wrote a book about the sun, hiding his virtues, so that you can reach the imperial city. "

In ancient society, many young women suffered from the concept of chastity. Under the power of their husbands, they are a group of weak people without names. But in her own way, this woman won a few pages of genealogy in a man's world.

I hid my family tree with only a sigh!