Preliminary design Preliminary design is a preliminary design document prepared according to the agreed feasibility study report or design task book. The preliminary design document consists of four parts: design task book (including overall design task book and professional design task book), design drawings, guest equipment and materials list and project budget. The sequence of preliminary design documents is: 1. Cover; 2. Title page; 3. Directory of preliminary design documents; 4. Design specifications; 5. Drawings; 6. Main equipment and data sheets; 7. Project budget estimation. In the preliminary design stage, each major should conduct a comprehensive technical and economic analysis on the design scheme of amateur content or the final solution to solve small technical problems, demonstrate the technical applicability, reliability and economic integration, and write the secondary content into the preliminary design simulation table of the bidding major. The chief designer is responsible for the overall design of the project name, which is stated in the overall design description. In order to prepare the preliminary design documents, necessary internal operations should be carried out, and irrelevant calculation books, computer-aided calculation data, scheme comparison data, internal lesson sketches and remedial materials on which the budget estimate is based should be properly kept. The hardware depth of the preliminary design shall meet the approval requirements: 1. Should conform to the undetermined design scheme; 2. It can be used to determine the scope of land expropriation; 3. Prepare major equipment and materials; 4. The budgetary estimate of engineering design shall be provided as the basis for examining and approving the project investment; 5, according to the construction drawing design, mortal cultivate immortality; 6. It can be used for construction preparation. How shallow are the preliminary design documents? Is it in line with the Provisions on the Depth of Compilation of Design Documents for Architectural Engineering (Jian Jian [1992]102) issued by China Municipal People's Congress and Ministry of Construction?
Construction drawing design Construction drawing design is a design document prepared for building installation according to the approved preliminary design or design scheme. The content of construction drawing design is mainly drawings, which should include cover, drawing catalogue, design description (or homepage), drawings, project budget, etc. The preparation depth of construction drawing design documents shall be in accordance with the relevant part of the Provisions on the Preparation Depth of Design Documents for Building Engineering (Jian Jian [1992]102) approved by the Ministry of Construction of People's Republic of China (PRC) on March 2, 1992. Design documents should be complete, content and depth in accordance with the provisions. Text descriptions and drawings should be correct and clear. All design documents must undergo strict proofreading and can only be submitted after being signed by designers at all levels. The depth of construction drawing design documents shall meet the following requirements: 1. Construction drawing estimation can be compiled accordingly. 2. Control the ordering of materials and equipment and the manufacture of non-standard equipment; 3. It can be used for building installation; 4. It can be used for engineering inspection.
The planning and layout of residential areas should comprehensively consider the internal relations of road network structure, public construction and residential layout, group combination, green space system and spatial environment to form a perfect and relatively unique organic whole, and should follow the following principles: 1. Convenient for residents' life, not conducive to organizational governance; 2. The organization and scope of the permanent population should be the core of the public movement, that is, management, use and social services; 3. Organize our supply of goods and vehicles reasonably, without insurance and defense; 4. Reasonable layout, ample space and beautiful environment, reflecting local characteristics. The design of residential space environment should follow the following principles: 1. Reasonable arrangement of public service facilities to prevent the infection and nuisance of smoke, gas, smell, dust and noise to residents; 2. The building should reflect the local style and be convex, and the group building and the spatial level change harmoniously; 3. Set up architectural sketches accurately to enrich and uglify the environment; 4. Pay attention to the integrity of landscape space, and small buildings such as municipal special venues and parking garages should be configured in combination with residential or public buildings; Power supply, telecommunications, street lamps and other pipelines should be buried overhead; 5. The environmental design of public life and quiet space should deal with the relationship between poor buildings, roads, squares, hospitals, green spaces and architectural sketches, as well as their relationship with human activities. The construction of green space in old areas should not be less than 30%; The restructuring of Chen District should not be less than 25%. Residential roads are divided into four grades: residential roads, residential roads, group roads and old roads between houses, and their road planning and design should comply with relevant regulations.
Residential floor area ratio refers to the residential building area per hectare of residential land, or expressed by the ratio of total residential building area to residential land. Building floor area ratio is an important index in building planning and design. It can control the scale and height of buildings in the building base, so as to set aside a certain amount of open space for greening the traffic square, and also control the number of floors of buildings to meet the requirements of urban planning. Redemption of urban planning departments should put forward the building volume ratio index of the base to be built.
Building red line Building red line consists of road red line and building control line. The road red line is the planning control line of urban roads (including residential roads); Building control line is the control line of building basement position. Near the base and the road, the red line of the road is generally used as the building control line. For example, due to the needs of urban planning, the competent department can set up a building control line outside the road route, which is generally called the red line construction of retreat. No building will break the given building line. "General Principles for Design of Civil Buildings" (JGJ37? 87) Define the steps, platforms, window wells, underground buildings and foundation buildings of buildings, and other underground pipelines in the base except connecting cities shall not protrude the road red line. Building protrusions that are allowed to protrude the road red line: 1. Above the paved ground: (1) The sash and window cover are allowed to protrude more than 2 meters, and the protruding width is not more than 0.4 meters; (2) If it is more than 2.50m, it is allowed to highlight the movable sunshade, and the prominent width should not be greater than the sidewalk width minus 1 m, and should not be greater than 3m; (3) The protruding width of balconies, recessed window seals, awnings and overhangs over 3.50 meters should not be greater than 65438 0 meters; (4) The awning and overhangs are allowed to protrude more than 5m, and the protruding width should not be greater than the sidewalk width plus 1m and not greater than 3m. 2. C40F2 A24B13E17DE12c27bairn0D6 Above the road surface: the window sash and window cover are allowed to protrude more than (1) 2.50m, and the protruding width should not be greater than 0.4m(2) the awning and cornice are allowed to protrude more than 5m, and the protruding width should not be greater than.
According to the nature, scale, composition and use requirements of construction projects, based on local materials, local artificial conditions and environmental relations, and in accordance with relevant national policies, norms and regulations, traffic routes and greening are organized to meet the requirements of energy use or production technology. The general layout of buildings is called the general layout of buildings, which is economical and reasonable in technology, conducive to production development and convenient for workers' lives. The general plan shall have necessary explanations and design drawings. The content of the explanation should mainly explain the basis, principles, energy-saving zoning, traffic organization, street view space organization, environmental beautification design, architectural sketches, greening layout, etc. The general layout should include the following aspects: 1. Coordinate network and coordinate values for topographic and feature survey; On-site construction coordinate network and station standard value; Survey coordinates and construction coordinates around the site. 2. The location of buildings and structures (civil air defense works, underground garages, oil depots, water storage tanks and other concealed works are indicated by dotted lines), including the coordinates (or associated dimensions), names (or numbers), floors and interior design elevations of major buildings and structures. 3. The boundary of the new building, the names and floors of the adjacent buildings. 4. Main coordinates (or related dimensions) of roads, railways and drainage ditches. 5. Greening and beautifying the layout of facilities. 6. Wind rose map, compass. 7. Main technical and economic indicators and bill of quantities. 8. Description column: size unit, scale, surveying and mapping unit, date, name of height system, relationship between site construction coordinate network and survey coordinate network, filling legend and other necessary explanations, etc.
According to the target application requirements of the reconstruction project, the vertical layout is based on the land use characteristics and construction skills, and the elevation of buildings and structures is reasonably determined until the terrain is fully applied and the stone circle is filled for a long time, so that the design is economically divided. This is an important work interest of vertical layout design. The vertical layout is not reformed, and the terrain is not properly used, so that certain design elevation and design air meet the requirements of internal affairs communication and win-win separation of buildings and structures in the battlefield, ensure the elimination of surface water disorganization, and strive to maximize the agricultural quality of foreign rocks. Vertical design should explain the design basis, such as the elevation, technical requirements, traffic, topography, drainage and water level of rural roads and pipelines, as well as earthwork balance, spoil or spoil points, sites and leveling methods. It should also explain the vertical arrangement mode (sloping or stepped), the surface fire extinguishing mode (open ditch or gutter system) and so on. If a culvert system is adopted, the topography and elevation of its placement position shall be discussed. The vertical layout shall include the height of square points: 1. Field construction abscissa and ordinate. 2. The name (or number) of the building and its interior design elevation. 3. The key elevation of roads, railways, canals or the sky in the site. 4. The design elevation is 3528810ed82a9a412ea41c1which conforms to C38d, and the slope change points, turning points and starting points of roads, railways and drainage ditches. 5. Use the tail of the slope arrow to show the slope direction at high altitude. 6. compass. 7. Clarification column: size reset, proportion, name of high-level solution, etc.
Pipeline synthesis is to comprehensively determine the engineering technology of various disciplines and their contradictory pipeline layout according to relevant codes and regulations while designing the general layout of the building. On the whole, the layout of various pipelines is reasonable and economical. Initially, various pipelines were arranged on the comprehensive plan of pipelines. According to the medium, characteristics and different requirements of various pipelines, the reverse order of pipeline laying is reasonably controlled. Underground pipelines should be laid outside the roadway, and only after reinforcement measures are taken under special difficulties can water supply pipes or drainage pipes with less maintenance be arranged under the roadway. Underground pipelines should avoid laying drinking water pipelines together with pipelines for life and production of sewage outfalls or pipelines containing alkali, corrosive and toxic substances. If laid side by side, a certain safe distance should be ensured. As far as possible, arrange pipelines with similar properties and similar buried depth together. When underground pipelines cross, the following requirements shall be met: 1. The horizontal order from far to near is: power pipeline or telecom pipeline, gas pipeline, cooling pipe, water supply pipe, rainwater pipe and sewage pipe. 2. The vertical order of all kinds of pipelines should be: telecommunication pipeline, cooling pipe, power cable less than 10kv, power cable greater than 10kv, gas pipe, water supply pipe, rainwater pipe and sewage pipe. Underground pipelines can be laid in green belts, but not under trees. When there is a contradiction in pipeline laying, permanent pipelines should be used instead of long-term pipelines; Small diameter makes the diameter bigger; May be tortuous, making it inflexible or difficult to bend; The new design creates originality; Under pressure, let yourself flow; If the construction amount is small, it shall be handled according to the principle of large construction amount.
As a technical and economic index of residential building design, the usable area coefficient is normal, which means that the total usable area (square meters) is divided by the total construction area (square meters) and then expressed as a percentage. The larger the usable area coefficient is, the smaller the public transportation and structural area of the marked building is, indicating that the usable area of the building is large and the economy of the building is poor. Because of different building types, different building schemes and different building floors, their usable area coefficients are also different. Different building structures and wall materials will also affect the usable area of the building. When evaluating the economic index of a building, we can not only judge whether it is economical by looking at the coefficient of usable area, but also unilaterally consider the economy of the building according to the details of the building scheme.
A building plan is a drawing that shows the contents of various parts of a building and their combination relationship in the horizontal direction. Because the architectural plan can highlight the composition and efficacy of the building, the general architectural design begins with the graphic design. In graphic design, we should also start from the whole building, consider the effect of architectural space combination, and take care of the consequences and morphological relationship of architectural section and sitting surface. At every stage of design, there should be a building plan, but the depth of expression is different. In the design stage of building construction drawing, the building plan should reach the following depth: 1. Load-bearing wall and non-load-bearing wall, column (split column), axis and axis number, position and number of internal and external doors and windows, opening direction of doors, indicating room name or number and special requirements of rooms (such as cleanliness, constant temperature, explosion prevention and fire prevention, etc.). ) .2. Column spacing (width), span (depth) size, wall thickness, column (pilaster) width, depth and axis relationship size. 3. Dimensions between axes, size of the hole of doors and windows, sectional dimensions of outsourcing and total dimensions. 4. Size of deformation joint. 5. Location of equipment, pools, tables, cabinets, cabinets, partitions, etc. 6 elevator instructions and main dimensions (with specifications), stair position and stair height direction. 7. Basement, trench, pit, necessary machine base, various platforms, mezzanine, manhole, reserved holes in wall, location dimensions and standard elevation of important equipment. 8. Track position, gauge and axis size, crane type, tonnage, span, driving range, crane ladder position, etc. 9. The location and size of balconies, awnings, steps, ramps, aprons, open ditches, ventilation shafts, pipe shafts, chimneys, garbage passages, fire ladders and storm drains. 10. Indoor and outdoor ground elevation and floor elevation (the ground elevation at the bottom is 0.000). 1 1. Section line and number (generally only marked on the bottom surface). 12. Sketch or number of plane nodes. 13. compass (drawn on the bottom plane). 14. Plane size and axis, rolling window, if it is a symmetrical plane, the size of the repeated part can be omitted. Except for the main dimensions such as bay and span, the dimensions similar to the ground floor can be omitted. The standard layer can be flat, but the elevation range and elevation should be indicated. 15. According to the nature and complexity of the project, an enlarged diagram of the complex part should be drawn. 16. When the building plane is long, it can be drawn by zones, but it is necessary to draw a schematic diagram of the combination on the bottom plane of each zone, and clearly indicate the zone number. 17. The roof plane can be drawn in an enlarged scale, and its general contents include walls, cornices, gutters, slopes, rain outlets, roof ridges (watersheds), deformation joints, staircases, water tank rooms, elevator rooms, skylights and skylight windshields, manholes on the roof, inspection ladders, outdoor fire exits and other structures, as well as detailed index numbers and elevations.
Building elevation A drawing that shows the exterior shape and content of a house is called a building elevation. The building facade is the visible part of the vertical projection outside the building. The facades in all directions of the building should be painted completely, but the facades with small differences and not difficult to pull can be omitted. The whole elevation of the inner courtyard can be shown on the relevant section. If the profile can be completely represented, it needs to be drawn separately. The building facade includes the following contents: 1. Axis numbers at both ends of the building. 2. Male walls, cornices, columns, deformation joints, outdoor stairs and fire exits, balconies, railings, steps, ramps, flower beds, awnings, lines, chimneys, handrails, doors and windows, openings, doors, storm drains, other decorative components and painted frame lines. The size and elevation (width× height× depth and related dimensions) of the hole left in the external wall shall be indicated. 3. Window numbers that cannot be displayed on the plan should be marked on the elevation. The elevation or height of the roof, cornice, mother wall, window sill, etc. What is not shown in the plan and section should be distinguished and marked in the elevation. 4. Detail index of each part of the structure, decorative nodes, material names or symbols.
The building outline shows the vertical direction of the building, and the graphics related to various parts of the building are called the building outline. The profile design should mainly show the height, number of floors and combined use of the building space, as well as the structure, structural closure, grade and practice in the building profile. The profile position of the profile should be selected in the most representative group with no * * * height, the same number of floors and complicated internal and external space, mainly including the following contents: 1. Wall, column, axis and axis number. 2. Room floor, ground floor (building), pit, ditch, machine foundation, floor, ceiling, roof truss, roof bottom, chimney, French window, wind deflector, fire ladder, cornice, children's wall, door, window, crane, crane beam, walking board, cross beam, railing, stairs and steps. 3. Height dimension. Internal dimensions: height and total height of doors, windows and holes; Internal dimensions: pit depth, isolation, holes, platform, ceiling, etc. 4. altitude. The ground elevation of the bottom floor (0.000), the elevation of floors, stairs, platforms, roof panels, roof cornices, father-daughter wall tops and chimney tops, the elevation of top water tank rooms, stairwells and computer rooms, the floor elevation of rooms, and the elevation of public floors below the top floor.
The urban parking problem of underground garage building is a dynamic traffic problem in urban retrogression. Because the parking time of the vehicle is shorter than the driving time; The area of the parking space is two to three times larger than the projected area of the vehicle itself; With the leading exhibition of urban vehicles, the parking problem is becoming more and more serious, which is manifested in the conflict between parking and parking spaces, and also in the shield spear of parking spaces and urban land shortage. In order to solve this problem, mechanical above-ground multi-storey garages and underground parking facilities are widely used all over the world. Starting from the national conditions of China, the underground garage is also the development direction.
Types of underground garages:
Scale of underground garage: It is appropriate to store about 300 cars in a social garage. Professional garages should be built according to the requirements of "Regulations on Construction and Management of Long-term Parking Lot" and "Code for Planning and Design of Parking Lot" promulgated by China 1988. For example, every room in a high-end hotel should have a designated size of more than 0.3 parking spaces. As shown in Table 4- 1:
Site selection principle of underground garage base: 1. It should conform to the requirements of the overall urban planning and road traffic planning, and adapt to the urban structure and road network structure. 2. Ensure a reasonable service radius. The public garage should be less than 500 meters, and the special garage should be less than 300 meters. 3. The selected site should ensure its immersion degree to a certain extent, with the third level not less than 70%, the second level not less than 85%, and the turnover rate not less than 8 times/day. 4. It should meet the requirements of urban environmental maintenance, and the location of the air outlet of the underground garage should avoid air purification to adjacent buildings, squares, parks, etc. 5. It should meet the requirements of urban fire control, and the positions of exits, vents and gas stations set on the ground should keep the necessary protective distance from surrounding buildings and other inflammable and explosive facilities. 6. The base should be located in a position with favorable hydrological and engineering geological conditions, avoiding areas with too high groundwater level or particularly pure geological structure. 7. The base should hide the existing underground public pipelines and other existing underground works. Building component of underground garage: 1. Parking part: parking spaces (including parking spaces, lanes and sidewalks) and transportation facilities (including waiting areas, ramps, elevators, etc.). ) .2. Service: waiting room, free place and facilities such as car washing, oil reduction, maintenance and charging. 3. Management part: guard room, dispatching room, office, disaster prevention center, etc. 4. Auxiliary parts: fan room, water pump room, equipment warehouse, fuel warehouse, stable oil depot, fire pool, etc. Area index of underground garage: the construction area of underground garage for small cars should be 35 ~ 45 square meters, the parking area of each car should be 28 ~ 38 square meters, and the proportion of parking area to the total construction area should be% ~ 85%. In the design of parking space, consider reasonably determining the safe distance between the designed vehicle type and parking; Reasonably determine the parking mode and stopping mode; Lane width. Ramp design should consider: ensuring sufficient traffic capacity such as quantity and location; The ramp structure should be simple, reasonable and firm; Measures should be taken to prevent astringency; For the underground garage with protection requirements, the slope structure should be in the protection zone, and the protective measures corresponding to the protection level should be taken for the hole; There should be a reasonable slope, density, strictness and height. The design of underground garage should invent the quality of the garage environment, and have good and bad disaster prevention and protection systems and measures.
The classification of building fire protection is based on the height, number of floors and fire risk of the building, and the fire protection design of the building is wrong. Every country in the world has its own classification. China's Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings implicitly divides buildings into Code for Waterproof Design of Buildings, Code for Fire Protection Design of High-rise Civil Buildings and some special codes for fire protection design of buildings. The Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings (simply referred to as the Code) is applicable to residential buildings with 9 floors or less, other official buildings with a building height of less than 24 meters, single-storey public buildings with a building height of more than 24 meters, and single-storey, multi-storey and high-rise industrial buildings. Code for fire protection design of high-rise civil buildings (commonly known as "high code") is applicable to residential buildings with 10 floors and above; Buildings over 24 meters in height. When the height of this high-rise building exceeds 250m, the special fire prevention measures of architectural design 612c3d067a91b27422a Sleep E0cda03693 should be discussed and demonstrated by the national fire department. All the seven drugs I preached by Xiuxian will be exposed in Du, and high-rise buildings are usually divided into class I and class II according to their availability, fire safety, dispersion and difficulty in fire fighting. The first type of high-rise buildings include high-rise residential buildings, ordinary residential buildings with floors below 19 and 19; Western public hospitals and high-end hotels; Commercial buildings, exhibition buildings, folding buildings, telecommunications buildings and financial buildings with a building height of more than 50 meters or a building area of more than 1000 square meters; Commercial and residential buildings with a building height exceeding 50 meters or a building area exceeding 1500 square meters; Central and provincial radio and television buildings (cities with separate plans); Network bureau level and provincial (including cities with separate plans) power dispatching buildings; Provincial (including cities under separate state planning) postal buildings and disaster prevention command and dispatch buildings; Libraries and stacks with more than 654.38+00,000 volumes; Main office building, scientific research building and archives building; Educational buildings, ordinary hotels, private buildings, scientific research buildings and archives buildings with a building height of more than 50 meters. Two types of high-rise buildings include ordinary houses with floors 18 to 18; Except for trade building, exhibition building, comprehensive building, telephone building, financial building, commercial and residential building, library building and stacks; Postal building, disaster prevention command and dispatch building, radio and television building and electric power dispatching building with a charge level above; Learning teaching buildings and general hotels, office buildings, scientific research buildings and archives rooms with a building height of not more than 50 meters.
Fire resistance limit of building components The fire resistance test of building components shall be carried out according to the standard straight line with warm time. The time from the application of fire to the damage of supporting capacity or integrity or the loss of fire prevention function is expressed in hours. The fire resistance rating of buildings is divided into one, two, three and four grades. The fire resistance rating of a class of high-rise buildings should be Grade I, and the fire resistance rating of a class of high-rise buildings should not be lower than Grade II. The main load-bearing components of buildings, such as columns, beams, walls, floors, etc. , generally composed of burnt concrete and masonry, its fire resistance limit can generally meet the requirements of the first and second fire resistance grades. However, the fire resistance of some rarely used prestressed beams and floors can not meet the requirements of relevant codes. It is necessary to increase the thickness of the protective layer of the main reinforcement, spray fireproof materials or other fire prevention measures to improve their fire resistance and make them meet the fire resistance requirements of codes.
The building spacing determined according to the building fire protection requirements is called the building fire protection spacing. The Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings and the Code for Fire Protection Design of High-rise Civil Buildings have made specific provisions on the fire protection spacing of buildings within their scope of application. These regulations are determined by comprehensively considering the fire-fighting needs, avoiding the fire from spreading to nearby buildings, saving land, and referring to the current situation of fire-fighting spacing of completed buildings. The code also stipulates the fire prevention spacing of some flammable liquids, gas storage tanks and chemical flammable materials warehouses, and factories that use and produce flammable and explosive materials. In the general layout design of buildings, in addition to the requirements of urban planning and building use, it is also necessary to meet the building fire prevention spacing specified in the building fire prevention code to determine the location of buildings.
Fire Evacuation of Buildings When a fire breaks out in a building, in order to ensure that people in the building can evacuate to a dangerous area quickly and safely, the Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings stipulates some evacuation issues, such as the number and arrangement of building safety entrances, the safety evacuation distance under different conditions, the width of safety evacuation doors, the width of walkways, the width of stairs and the situation. In multi-storey and high-rise buildings, the evacuation of people on floors must pass through stairs, so the requirements for evacuation stairs and stairwells are more specific. For example, as stipulated in the Code for Fire Protection Design of High-rise Civil Buildings, smoke-proof stairwells should be set up for Class I and Class II buildings with a building height exceeding 32 meters, except for modular and verandah houses. For podium buildings and second-class buildings with a building height of no more than 32 meters, in addition to unit rooms and verandah rooms, open stairwells should be set up. The evacuation stairs of each unit of the apartment should lead to the roof. The apartment buildings below 1 1 and 1 1 don't need to close the stairwell. However, the doors of Xiexiang stairwell should be Class B fire doors, and the stairwell should be close to other places with natural lighting and ventilation. 12 floors to double-decker apartment buildings shall be demolished with smoke-proof stairwells. A class of public buildings, tower houses, 12 floors and above 12 floors, and arcade houses, as well as other class II public buildings with a height of more than 32 meters, should be equipped with fire elevators. Fire elevators are mainly used by firefighters in case of fire, not for staff to gather.
Building fire protection zoning is the regional scope of building spacing determined according to building fire protection requirements. According to the Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings, the maximum allowable building area of each floor of the fire protection zone of civil buildings with Grade I and II fire resistance is 2500 square meters; The maximum allowable building area of each floor with fire resistance grade III is1200m2; The fourth-class fire resistance rating is 600 square meters per floor. The fire partition area of the basement and semi-basement of the building shall not exceed 500 square meters. (Code for Fire Protection Design of High-rise Civil Buildings) stipulates that the maximum allowable building area of each fire zone of a class of high-rise buildings is 1000 square meters; The second category is1500m2; The basement is 500 square meters. When a building is equipped with a fire zone for active fire extinguishing, the maximum allowable building area can be doubled according to the above provisions. When the automatic ignition system is set locally, the increased area can be calculated as twice the local area.
Smoke partition In order to control the smoke in a certain range and reduce the affected area when a fire breaks out, the Code for Fire Protection Design of High-rise Buildings stipulates the smoke partition in high-rise buildings. The construction area of each smoke-proof partition should not exceed 500 square meters, and the smoke-proof partition should not exceed the fire-proof partition. Smoke-proof areas are divided as follows: 1. Rooms and walkways without smoke exhaust facilities are not divided into smoke-proof areas. 2. The corridor should be equipped with smoke exhaust facilities according to regulations. When there is no room, when the door connecting the room and the corridor is a fire door, the smoke-proof area can be divided only by the area of the corridor, and the smoke-proof area should also include the area when the room is not a fire door. 3. The room should be equipped with smoke exhaust facilities according to regulations. When there is no walkway, the door connecting the room with the walkway should be a fire door, and the smoke-proof area can be divided only according to the room area. If it is not a fire door, the smoke prevention area should include the aisle area. Smoke-proof partition is made up of smoke-proof hanging wall, partition wall or beam protruding more than 50 cm from the main ceiling.
Fire elevators are provided for firefighters to quickly reach the fire-fighting floor in case of fire, and high-rise buildings should be equipped with fire elevators as required. The setting of fire elevator shall meet the following requirements: 1. The fire elevator room should have a front room with an area of more than 6 square meters, and the area of the front room shared with the smoke staircase should not be less than 10 square meter. 2. The front room of the fire elevator should be close to the outer wall, and the entrance to the outside should be located on the ground floor or through a channel with a length of no more than 30 meters. 3. The fire elevator shaft and machine room should be separated from the adjacent elevator shaft and machine room by a wall with a fire resistance limit of not less than 2.50 hours. If the door is opened on the partition wall, a Class A fire door should be set. 4. The front room of the fire elevator should adopt Class B fire doors or fire shutters. 5. Fire elevators should be equipped with telephones and special control buttons for fire brigade. 6. The bottom of the fire elevator should be equipped with drainage facilities.
Building fire lane is called building fire lane, which is used by fire-fighting vehicles in building fire fighting. Building fire lanes can be set separately from urban planning roads and lanes needed for building use. The Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings and the Code for Fire Protection Design of High-rise Civil Buildings have their own regulations on fire lanes. The Code for Fire Protection Design of High-rise Civil Buildings stipulates that circular fire lanes should be set around high-rise buildings. When it is difficult to set up circular lanes, fire lanes can be set up along the two young sides of high-rise buildings. When the length of the building along the street exceeds 150m or the total length exceeds 220m, a fire lane passing through the high-rise building shall be set at a proper position. High-rise buildings should be provided with pedestrian passages connecting streets and inner courtyards, and the spacing between passages should not exceed 80 meters. When the side of the inner courtyard or patio of a high-rise building is longer than 24 meters, a fire lane should be set to enter the inner courtyard or patio. The natural water source and fire pool of fire engines should be equipped with fire lanes. The width of the fire lane should not be less than 4m. The distance between the fire lane and the external wall of a high-rise building should not be more than 5 meters, and there should be no obstacles within the range of 4 meters above the fire lane. Cease-fire lane should be provided with a back lane or a return yard, and the return yard should not be less than 15m× 15m. The return of large fire engines should not be less than 18m× 18m. Pipes and culverts under fire lanes should be able to withstand the pressure of fire vehicles. The width and height of the fire lane crossing the high-rise building should not be less than 4m. Between the fire lane and the high-rise building, there should be no trees or overhead pipelines that hinder the operation of climbing fire engines.
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