Wang Shimin (1592- 1680) was born in Taicang, Jiangsu (now Jiangsu). The word "smoked" means "heavy smoker" and "old man at the west foot" at night. Wang Xijue's grandson was born in the family of an official in the Ming Dynasty. Chongzhen was a minister of Taichang Temple in his early years, so he was also called "Wang Fengchang". Be good at painting landscapes, learn from Dong Qichang as a child, copy famous artists in Song and Yuan Dynasties, and take Huang as his ancestor; Pen and ink are light and scattered, with less changes in mountains and valleys and more simulations. When Wang Hao and Wu Li left their gate, Sun Wang was instructed by them. Later generations called him the "Four Heavenly Kings", together with Wang Jian, Wang Yi and Wang, and with Yun, he was also called the "Six Nobles". Created the "Lou Dongpai" of landscape painting, ranking first among the "Four Heavenly Kings" of painters in the early Qing Dynasty. Part-time official script, capable of poetry. His works include Tian Ji, Postscript of Lu Hua and Fu Yi Tu.

Wang Jian

Wang Jian (1598- 1677) was a painter in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. People's photos, round photos, elephant trunks, and fragrant dyeing. People from Taicang, Jiangsu. Wang is a rich collector. He was once the magistrate of Lianzhou, and some people called him Wang Lianzhou. He is good at landscapes, studied under Dong Yuan, Huang, Wang Meng, and often learned from Wang Shimin's strong points to develop and change, forming his own style. His paintings make good use of the sharp pen in the center. Jie Suocun painted the rocks of Pima, with delicate brushwork and rich ink color. You can also draw green mountains and rivers, proper drying, harmonious research and simple taste. Wang Jian's landscape paintings had a great influence in Qing Dynasty. They are as famous as Wang Shimin, Wang Yi, Wang Yun and Wang Yun. They were called "Four Kings Wu Yun" or "Six Kings" in the early Qing Dynasty, and they are authentic in painting circles. There are Dream Map, Lin Qiu Mountain Color Map and Autumn Mountain Map that have been handed down. He is the author of "The Collection of Dyed Xiangan" and "Postscript of Dyed Xiangan".

Wang Yi [Hu].

Wang Yi (1632- 17 17) was a painter in Qing Dynasty. Word Shigu,No. Geng Yin, three terms, Jianmen Ke Qiao, Wumushan, Qinghui Laoren, etc. They are all from Changshu, Jiangsu. My ancestors were all good at painting, and my father Yunke specialized in painting landscapes with beautiful and elegant style. Influenced by his family since childhood, Wang Yi loved painting. He first took Tongli as a teacher and copied Huang's landscape paintings in Yuan Dynasty. Later, he was appreciated by Wang Jian and accepted as a disciple, teaching him to read and learn calligraphy. And learn from Wang Shimin. Later, he and Wang Shimin, Wang Jian and Wang were called the four heavenly kings, and He and Yun were also called the six heavenly kings in the early Qing Dynasty. Although his landscape paintings began in ancient times, they were not copied by a single family. Wang Wei's Snow Scene, Li Cheng's Cold Forest, Dong Yuan's Far Zhu in Hirayama, Small Temple in Autumn Mountain, Little Snow in Fishing Village, Misty Rain in Yunshan by Mi and his son, and the works of Huang Zhenwu, Wang Meng and Ni Zan in Yuan Dynasty are all his objects. He not only has a deep foundation in traditional techniques, but also can master them skillfully. But it is not completely bound by law, and pays more attention to sketching. He runs through all factions, conveying mountains and rivers in the Northern Song Dynasty with pen and ink from the Southern Song Dynasty, and creating colorful styles and features.

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Wang (1642- 17 15), also known as a Taoist born at the foot of the platform. He is known as one of the "Four Heavenly Kings" in the early Qing Dynasty, and is the grandson of the famous painter Wang Shimin. He studied the original works of famous artists in Song and Yuan Dynasties since childhood, and fell at the feet of the ancients all his life. At that time, he was recognized as a master. The painting "Smoke Drift Away" is his masterpiece. The layout of the peaks and hills, the brushwork of rocks and trees, all come from the yellow, with vague content and lack of commerce. But the pen and ink are skillful, and there is a kind of chic beauty. Wang Shimin

The word Xunzhi, No.,Naizhai, Master of the Western Heaven, Legacy of the Western Heaven, Elder of the Western Heaven, Lian He Taoist, Old Farmer of Guicun, Daoxiang Temple, Old Man of Xilu, Taicang, Jiangsu, and Xijue Sun. In the 29th year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty, at the beginning of Chongzhen, he went to Shao Qing in Taichang Temple as a shady official, and was called "Wang Fengchang". Enter the Qing dynasty and retreat. Yan Ya is knowledgeable, works in poetry and prose, and is good at writing. Running script originated from Fu on Dead Trees, and official script followed Qin and Han Dynasties. Eight books, the first in modern times. The collection of calligraphy and painting at home is very rich, and some of them copy the works of famous artists in Song and Yuan Dynasties. Twenty-four ancient monuments were selected and condensed into huge volumes for model writing. What's more, because he studied ancient paintings under the guidance of Dong Qichang since childhood, and because of temperament and personality factors, he only took natural scenery as the highest criterion in painting, emphasizing that "every grass and tree has its roots".

When I was young, I studied painting theory with Dong Qichang and Chen Jiru. When I was studying Huangshan water painting, I was particularly poor in its mystery, and I was deified in my later years. Wang Yi and Sun Wang have been influenced by their talents all their lives, especially Wang Yi. Together with Wang Jian, Wang Yi and Wang, they are also called "four kings", and together with Yun, they are also called "six masters in Qing Dynasty", and they are the leaders of orthodox landscape painting.

Wang Jian

Famous painter in late Ming and early Qing Dynasty. People from Taicang, Jiangsu. In the sixth year of Chongzhen (AD 1633), he was a juren and later went to Lianzhou Prefecture, so he was called "Wang Lianzhou". Born in a scholarly family, Wang Jian is the great-grandson of Wang Shizhen, a famous scholar in Ming Dynasty. There are rich works of ancient and modern famous artists in his family collection, which provides a good condition for Wang Jian to learn to copy the original works of famous paintings of past dynasties. The imitation of ancient works is deep, the brushwork is extraordinary, and he is good at landscapes. It is as famous as Wang Shimin, Wang Yi, Wang Yun and Wang Yun, and is also called Wu Yun or Six, the four kings of the early Qing Dynasty, and has become an authentic painting circle. It is one of the "six schools in the early Qing Dynasty".

Wang Jian was born in a scholarly family with a rich family collection, which provided a good condition for Wang Jian to learn to copy the original works of famous paintings of past dynasties. Wang Jian was personally taught by Dong Qichang in his early years. His life-long painting career developed along the direction of attaching importance to learning from the ancients in Dong Qichang, constantly pondering the brushstrokes of many predecessors such as Dong Yuan, Zhen Wu and Huang, absorbing and transforming the brush and ink structure of the ancients, and forming his own rich landscape painting language. Wang Jian painted a slope stone with yellow, learned Zhenwu with moss, and learned Ni Zan with ink. In particular, his turquoise landscape paintings are meticulous, beautiful, charming and clear, which combine the clean and elegant painting styles of Shen Zhou and Wen Zhiming, and the elegant book style has been praised by future generations.

He is good at landscapes, far away from Dong (source) and Ju (nature), and near between Wang Meng and Huang. The brushwork is sharp, the pen and ink are thick and moist, the trees are lush, the back valley is deep, the brushwork is bright and ethereal, the rendering is clever, and it has the strength of ancient meaning. Intercropping green and heavy colors can also be beautiful and harmonious. The new Yunlin landscape is extremely dense. Imitation of Shan Ye firewood, imitation of Zhao Danian's "Spring Scene" boneless landscape, imitation of Hong Guzi painted landscape, strange and dense, pure seal writing outline. Imitate Zijiu's color map of Qiumushan, imitate the yellow smoke drifting far away from the cave, imitate Shen Shitian's landscape, imitate Dong Yuan's color map, imitate the landscape, and attach importance to bones and light spirit. Most of his works imitate the past, believe in famous artists, lack originality, and have a strong style of retro thinking and formalism.

Wang Yi

Famous painter in Qing Dynasty. Known as the painting saint in the early Qing Dynasty. Grandfather Wang Zaishi and father Wang Qilong are both good at painting. Wang Yi loved painting since childhood, inherited his family business, and studied painting with his fellow villagers who studied painting in Huang. He showed extraordinary painting ability very early. Wang Yi studied under Wang Shimin and Wang Jian. However, the landscapes he painted are not limited to one family, but also widely collected by many families, which is the result of various schools since the Tang Dynasty and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and integrates the northern and southern painting schools in one furnace. On the basis of Wang Shimin and Wang Jian's development of the Southern Painting School, Wang Li used some techniques of the Northern Painting School for reference, comprehensively combed the tradition of landscape painting, and formed a comprehensive and generalized law. Wang Yi perfectly combined the brushwork of Huang and Wang Meng with the composition of Fan Kuan, creating a magnificent landscape painting style. Therefore, the small scenes he painted in the south of the Yangtze River are often interesting, quiet and smart. Wang Yi likes to use both dry pen and wet pen in painting, and often rubs with fine pen, so the picture effect is stronger. Someone once said, "It is a great achievement to convey the mountains and valleys of Song people with the pen and ink of Yuan people and the charm of Tang people."

In his early days, his painting style was beautiful and beautiful, but in his later years, it tended to be broad and vigorous. The composition is rich and varied, and the ink and light crimson are well rendered. Some critics also pointed out that Wang Yi's pen is too mature, but some of his paintings are exposed, his ink method rarely changes, and his composition is a little congested. Wang Yi, Wang Shimin, Wang Jian and Wang He are called "Four Kings", while Wu Li and Yun He are called "Six Kings in the Early Qing Dynasty" or "Four Kings Wu Yun". His painting skills are profound, and he is good at imitating ancient methods, which can confuse the audience, but he can't be confused by the law. Some of his works are full of interest in sketch, with changeable composition, good sketch and rendering, and distinctive style. It is more prominent among the four heavenly kings. His paintings were very famous in the Qing Dynasty. In the thirtieth year of Kangxi, he was asked to draw a map of Kangxi's southern tour, which was completed in three years. It was awarded the title of "Clear Landscape" by Emperor Kangxi. He is regarded as an original and has a large following. Because he is from Changshu, Changshu has Yushan, so later people call him Yushan School.

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I have been eager to learn since I was a child, and I can read from the beginning. At the age of fifteen, he was admitted to a scholar, and at the age of twenty, he formally studied painting with his grandfather. In the eighth year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1669), he won a place in the senior high school entrance examination and was admitted to the imperial examination the following year. At the age of forty, he served as the examiner of Shuntian township examination, and then worked as a magistrate of a county in Hebei Province for four years. At the age of forty-five, he went to Beijing and was examined by Kangxi's "Shence" in Baohe Hall for the use of clerks. The following year, he was promoted to the Ministry of Punishment and later transferred to the Ministry of Justice for handprinting. He was also ordered to be appointed as Zhongyun in Youchunfang and entered Zhinan's study. He has been a bachelor's lecturer, an official of the Prince's Office, and a left assistant minister of the Ministry of Finance, so he is called "Wang Sinong". In the fifty-fourth year of Kangxi (A.D. 17 15), Wang's official residence in Beijing died at the age of 74. The body was buried in his hometown Taicang. Wang's artistic achievements are mainly manifested in landscape paintings, among which the works of Wang Shimin, Wang Jian and his uncle Wang are the most enlightening and educational. Wang Shimin once drew a famous landscape book of Song and Yuan Dynasties under Li Cheng for him to learn, and copied and studied the works of Dong Yuan, Li Cheng, Fan Kuan, Huang, Wang Meng, Shen Zhou and other famous artists.

Wang's works are basically antique. He especially admired Huang, thinking that he had yellow "sweaty feet" and was proud of it, trying to be bold but lacking creativity. However, we can't completely deny his profound pen and ink skills. He once wrote the title of "Diamond Skull at the Pen End" in a cold autumn mountain picture, which means that the pen is heavy, the breath runs through the paper, and the phosgene is exhausted. At that time, someone described the painting process of personally seeing Wang:

Starting in the morning, spread out the paper and check it for half a day. Slightly divide the outline with light ink, and then accurately distinguish the outline of forest and gully, the stone layer of peaks and hills is broken, and the trees are dry. Review every stroke repeatedly. It was dusk, so I stopped to have a rest. The next day, take the front scroll and dye it slightly, add a little gamboge with light ochre to render the rocks, then burn them dry with a small iron storage torch, and then dry the stone bones with an ink pen to thin the leaves. Then slowly use dark green water to make the back of Yin and Yang a base, then iron it dry, check it again, dye it again, from light to thick, from sparse to dense, and it took half a month to draw it completely.

This multi-level hook-and-loop rendering is full of flesh and blood, seamless and full of beauty, which is developed by Wang's tolerance for Huang, Ni Zan, Zhenwu and Dong Qichang. Many people in Qing Dynasty spoke highly of his pen and ink skills, and some praised him as "ripe but not sweet, raw but not astringent, light and thick, solid and clear". Some people say that he "smells mellow and is taller than others." Yao Nai, a famous poet of Tongcheng School, once wrote a poem entitled "Scenery on the Foothills", describing the peculiar layout of Wang's landscape paintings, and thought that "this picture is unique to me". This shows that Wang's landscape paintings have the characteristics of "lying and swimming", which accords with the aesthetic taste of ordinary literati at that time.

Wang has theoretical works, Essays on Rain Window and Footprint Painting. Among them, the discussion on the opening and closing of painting composition, pen and ink coloring and other techniques is mostly the experience of long-term artistic practice, which belongs to the artistic law and is quite valuable. However, he inherited Dong Qichang's tradition of literati painting, described the Zhejiang School in the late Ming Dynasty as an "evil school", belittled Shi Tao and Gong Xian who were full of innovative spirit at that time, and reflected his conservative thoughts of retro and sectarian views.

Because Wang has a certain position in politics, there are many people who study his landscape painting style directly or indirectly, and even a school-Lou Dongpai, known as Taicang School, keeps pace with Yushan School, which was centered in the middle of Qing Dynasty. Among them, the main painters are: Wang Yu, brother of Wang, Wang Su, nephew, disciple, Tang Dai, Jin Yongxi, Cao Peiyuan, Hua Tuo, and later great-grandson Chen Wang and nephew Wang Sanxi, as well as great scholars Huang Jun and Wang Xuehao. , has a great influence. Wang's representative works include Ink Imitation of Wanshan Map, Imitation of Landscape Map, Imitation of Huangshan Mountain Water Map, Imitation of Fangshan Green Map, Painting with Poetry, Imitation of Huangqiu Mountain Map, Picture of Smoky Trees in Caotang, Boundless Cloud Mountain Map, Xu Tu in Xiashan Mountain, Picture of Jiangshan, etc.