1. Basic knowledge goal: combine annotations to clear the meaning of the text, clarify the thinking and perceive the whole;
2. Appreciate poetic language and expression skills.
2. Teaching focus:
1. Recite the full text from memory
2. Appreciate poetic language and expression skills
3. Teaching difficulties:
Theme and implication of poetry
Four. Teaching time:
Two class hours
Teaching process and steps of verb (abbreviation of verb);
first kind
First, the focus of teaching
Clear sentences, clear your mind
Second, the college entrance examination questions example analysis
Read the poem of the following song and then answer this question. (8 points) (national volume 1)
Tit Zhu Shi Niu Huang Tingjian
Zi Zhan painted strange rocks with bamboo, and when Bo Shi (1) increased the front slope for the shepherd boy to ride cattle, which was very meaningful and witty.
The wild age is small and majestic, and the secluded lean on the green. Poke three feet with a pestle (3) and resist the old baby.
Wu Shi likes it very much, so don't send cows to grind their horns! The horn is good, and the cow fights me.
[Note] ①: Zi Li, a famous painter in Song Dynasty. (2) the wild age: the country. ③ Ba: Whip
This poem can be divided into several levels. What did they write respectively?
A:
(2) What do you think is the significance of this picture "Cattle-herding with Bamboo and Stone" in the author's mind? Some people think that the author is "thicker than bamboo and thinner than stone" in his poems. What do you think of this? Please explain.
A:
12. Analysis: This is a poem. The poet vividly wrote the scenery in the painting with the style of the game and played his imagination. Almost everything in the painting is so touching that the poet has to ask. This way of writing not only reproduces the vividness of the picture, but also expresses the poet's appreciation and love for this painting. It is humorous and interesting to use adjectives such as "towering", "green" and "infant" to refer to things.
The painting art in the Song Dynasty was particularly prosperous, and the poems on paintings were also very developed. Su Shi and Huang Tingjian are both experts in this kind of poetry. This article is a poem by Su Shi and Li, herding cattle, but it is not limited to the rendering of imagery interest. Instead, it uses the topic to dig out an emotional discussion out of thin air, which is unique in poetry.
Poetry is divided into two levels. The first four sentences describe the painting itself: there is a small strange stone in the country, with bamboo growing next to it. The cowherd holds a three-foot whip and drives the old cow away with a dragon bell. The four poems are divided into four images: stone, bamboo, shepherd boy and cow, which constitute a complete picture. With few words, it is difficult for the poet to describe the objects he wrote completely, but he still pays attention to briefly describing their appearance characteristics. "Zhengyi" was originally used to describe mountains. When it was used to refer to stones, it showed the unique features of grotesque rocks in the painting. "Zan" is a bunch of bamboos. A word "You" in front of it describes its charm, and a word "Green" behind it describes its color, and its image is also very distinct. Although the shepherd boy didn't add any modifiers, it was naive to call him "A Tong". Pointing out the whip in his hand, the strength can be imagined. In particular, it is more vivid to replace the cow with the word "baby". According to Mencius Liang Shang: "Wang said: I can't bear to give it up. If I am innocent, I will die." This is "baby" to describe the fear and trembling of cattle. Although the old cow in the painting doesn't have to be afraid, it is old and tired, and it can't help stumbling under the whip, giving people the feeling of being a baby. The picture is static, it can't directly draw a cow's swaddling clothes, but the poet drew the word "swaddling clothes" through imagination according to the posture of the old cow in the picture, which is really a stroke of genius. The four images described in the poem are not isolated. There is a word "leaning" between stone and bamboo, which not only describes their closeness, but also embodies an intimate interest. There is a word "Yu" between the shepherd boy and the old cow, so the shepherd boy's gesture of wandering freely is suddenly visible. The four images are divided into two groups, and they also cooperate with each other in conveying the quiet and harmonious rural life, and the * * * isomorphism becomes the whole painting. It is excellent to write with several crosses, even as a single painting poem.
However, the focus of the poem lies in the following four sentences: I like this stone very much, please don't let the cows grind their horns on it! It's just a cow grinding its horns. If cows fight, it will damage my bamboo. This feeling can be divided into two layers: "Don't send a dead end" is one layer, "Dou Dou Zhu" is another layer, and there is a progressive relationship between them. About these four poems, some predecessors accused them of being "thicker than bamboo, thinner than stone" (see Chen Yan's Poems of Stone Heritage Room), but they didn't really hit the point. It should be said that the author likes stones and bamboos equally, but because the sharp corners wear less on stones and cows fight more on bamboos, there is a distinction between light and heavy. More importantly, in the poet's mind, both stones and bamboo represent the pastoral life he yearns for, while wearing stones and banning bamboo is the destruction of this quiet and harmonious life. Therefore, he should focus on expressing his regret and adopt a progressive statement, which is enough to reflect his repeated persuasion and ardent feelings.
Having said that, it is inevitable to touch on the moral of this poem. Is there any irony in this comment in the poem besides expressing the author's love for nature and sorrow for destroying natural beauty? As we all know, Huang Tingjian lived in the late Northern Song Dynasty, which was an era of fierce party struggle within the ruling class. The struggle between the old and new parties caused by Wang Anshi's political reform began when he was still a Shinto. During the reign of Zhe Zongyuan, the new party temporarily lost power and influence, and the old party came to power, and soon it split into three factions, namely Luo, Shu and Shuo, fighting with each other. Between having fewer children and having fewer children, the New Party came to power again, which dealt an all-round blow to old party member. At first, this struggle within the ruling class had certain political principles, and later it evolved into unprincipled factional struggle, which seriously weakened the ruling power of the Song Dynasty. Although Huang Tingjian himself was bound by his cronies, his mind was clear and he could see the harm of sectarian strife. The poem takes the sharp horns and struggles of cattle as a warning, and the peaceful and quiet pastoral scenery remains the same. Can't say it doesn't contain profound meaning.
To sum up, this poem is associated with the ox horn and bull fight in life from the bamboo and stone grazing in the painting, and then expresses its impression of real politics. Everything is entrusted to "singing", which is very melodious and far-reaching in artistic conception. The quiet rural scenery and the noisy official competition constitute a sharp contrast. The whole poem has no allusions or algae decorations, and the use of prose sentence patterns (such as "I love it very much" and "I have a decent trumpet") adds a quaint charm to the whole poem. The style of the last four sentences is considered by predecessors to be imitating Li Bai's Du Lu Pian, "The water is muddy and muddy, but the moon is not seen;" I can't see the moon, and pedestrians can't see it "("Mr. Lingyang's Room Language "quoted Han Ju's language), but it just absorbed its form, but renovated its meaning, which was not only insufficient for illness, but also showed the poet's efforts to innovate.
The answer (1) (analysis) is actually divided into several levels, that is to say, it is an inscribed poem. Of course, the first two couplets describe the content of the inscribed poem, while the last two couplets express their own feelings. However, we should pay attention to one principle when answering the question of poetry appreciation: that is, answering any question should be related to the content of the poem, such as answering what thoughts and feelings the poem expresses, and answering why the author has such feelings according to the context besides answering the name of such thoughts and feelings; When answering the rhetorical devices used in poetry, we should try our best to analyze the role of each image in this rhetoric and the benefits of this rhetoric. Answering questions related to poetry is a necessary step in appreciation and analysis. So when answering this question, the specific content of the painting must be stone, bamboo, shepherd boy and old cow.
A: There are two levels. The first four sentences are the first level, and four images of stone, bamboo, shepherd boy and old cow are written respectively to form a complete picture; The last four sentences are the second level, the writer's feelings about the content in the painting.
(2) (Analysis) First of all, the first link is "Yexiao."
"You Zuo Yi Qing" wrote the vitality of nature with brush strokes. In addition, we should pay attention to the word "play" in the introduction of the poem, that is, the author describes the painting with a relaxed attitude of ridicule. Therefore, herding cattle with bamboo stones is an idyllic portrayal of life. Still the word "play". We can see that the author doesn't need thick bamboo and fine stones. They are all part of the natural countryside and indispensable factors in the author's ideal lifestyle. In addition, according to the examinee's understanding of China's traditional culture, in fact, bamboo represents a noble character in traditional culture, which can entrust the author's inner pursuit, and the examinee can also play this role.
Natural and quiet country life.
On the surface, the author seems to be "coarse" bamboo and "fine" stone. In fact, the author loves stone as much as bamboo. Because in the author's mind, both bamboo and stone represent a kind of pastoral life, and the author doesn't want to see whether it is a horn grindstone or a bullfight residual bamboo.
3. Read and analyze the first paragraph
1. What's the function of "Eh, Eh, Eh, Eh, It's so hard to go to heaven" at the beginning of the full text?
Cheng Ming: These words, taking the whole poem as a whole, set the tone of the whole poem and highlighted the unfathomable nature of Shu Dao, which is copied below.
2. What does the rest of this paragraph mean?
Clear: two meanings.
The first floor: (Can Cong ... interlocking) describes the origin of Shu Road.
Second floor: (There is a sigh on it) Write the grandeur of Shu Road.
3. How many layers in the poem describe the origin of Shu Dao? What's the function of quoting the legend of Wuding Mountain/
The first question is divided into three layers: the first layer describes the long-term occlusion of Shu, which means high mountains, and "48 thousand years old" is an exaggerated narrative; The second layer describes the landscape of mountains and rivers between Qin and Shu, that is, nobody walks. The third layer describes the origin of Shu Dao.
The second question: it shows the struggle between man and nature and the strong desire of working people to transform nature, praises the sacred power and the courage of pioneers, touches the magical color of the article and attracts readers.
Four. homework
1. Recite the first paragraph from memory.
Step 2 study plan
Second lesson
First, the focus of teaching
Appreciate the artistic features of poetry and grasp the main idea.
1. Read the sentence "Six dragons return to the sun" ... sit and sigh "carefully, and talk about what writing methods the poet used to express the grandeur and rigor of Shu Dao.
Clear; The author makes full use of artistic techniques such as the combination of point and surface, the combination of reality and exaggeration, which shows the richness and strangeness of the poet's imagination.
(1) combination of point and surface: write "surface" in the four sentences of "Shang You", that is, the overall image of Shu Dao; The four sentences of "Ni Qing" are written as "fen", which is the situation of clearing away evil spirits.
(2) Confirming reality with falsehood: According to the legend of Six Dragons Returning to the Sun, the yellow crane and the ape are both false, so as to set off the real writing-the road to Shu is high and dangerous.
(3) Exaggeration: "So high, the yellow crane is hard to reach" and so on.
2. Read and analyze the second paragraph
What techniques are used in this paragraph? What kind of atmosphere is rendered?
Qing Dynasty: The four sentences in Jian Dan are detailed in description, lyrical by scenery, and the desolate and sad atmosphere is rendered. The four sentences in "Lianjing" exaggerate the thrilling atmosphere and create an overwhelming artistic effect. It is a description of the difficulty of Shu Dao, which has reached the extreme.
Second, the third paragraph reading analysis
1. What does this paragraph contain? Tell me about the poet's intention in writing like this.
Qing: "If one man defends it, ten thousand people can't force it." The sinister situation that Jiange is easy to defend but difficult to attack implies that the army of the central court is difficult to break, and the careerists can launch a rebellion according to the risk, "turn it into a wolf's den" and engage in local separatism. If there are contradictions and conflicts between separatist forces, there will inevitably be scuffles, and the result will definitely be "killing people like hemp." The poet's prediction was confirmed more than ten years later: from the second year of Shangyuan (76 1) to the early years of Dali (766, 767), Cui Shu and others successively launched rebellions.
The poet's intention is to guard against careerists.
2. What does the poem "It's hard to get through the Shu Road, and it's hard to get to the sky" mean? It appeared three times. What's the use?
This poem takes "Shu Dao is difficult to go to the sky" as the theme sentence, which is extremely dangerous. It is difficult for Qin to enter Shu, so it is necessary to prevent aspirants from rebelling according to the danger. Throughout the poem, this sentence is repeated three times, forming a pattern in which the theme sentence runs through and the content is in-depth, which has the effect of singing and sighing. The poet has three sighs: one is the height of Shu Dao, the other is the danger of Shu Dao, and the third is the disaster of Shu Dao's fierce war.
3. What is the practical significance of writing Jiange in the last paragraph of the poem to Tang society in the early days of Tianbao?
Inquiry learning: in the thrilling atmosphere of changeable and dangerous situations, I finally wrote Jiange, a fortress in the middle of Shu. There is a 30-mile-long plank road between Dajianshan and Xiaojian Mountain, which is like a sword. The mountains stand tall and the walls are cut like doors, forming a natural fortress. Because of its dangerous terrain, it is easy to defend but difficult to attack. Historically, there were many people who claimed to be kings here. The poet described a political situation from the danger of Jiange. He borrowed the phrase "the victory lies in the shape, but the bandits don't live together" from Zhang Zai's Ming of Jiange in the Western Jin Dynasty, aiming to persuade people to take warning and be alert to the occurrence of war. Combining with the social background at that time, he revealed that "the tiger's teeth are sharp, and the wolf in Shu" was not only a pun on the beasts of Shu, but also an allusion to political darkness, expressing his worries and worries about national affairs.
Three. homework
1. Recite the full text from memory
Step 2 study plan
Attachment: blackboard design
Opening: the main sentence appears
It is difficult to sigh the source of Shu Dao.
Shu Dao is high and steep.
Sigh, Danger, Terrible Scenery, Sadness and Clarity —— From When Will I Return
The second signifier of landscape sinister theme sentences
Three sighs about the fierceness of war and the danger of Jiange.
The sad scene of applying for a ban on killing-ending with "going home early"