Foreword writing method (1), cut to the chase, don't beat around the bush, avoid telling the historical origin and research process.
(2) Be concise and focused. Don't describe too much common sense content familiar to peers and textbooks. When you really need to mention other people's research results and basic principles, you just need to mark them in the form of quotations. In the introduction, when prompting the work and viewpoints of this paper, the meaning should be clear and the language should be concise.
(3) Reviewing the history should be focused, the content should be closely related to the title of the article, and the background should be introduced around the title, which can be summarized in a few words; When prompting the methods used, don't ask to write out the methods and results, and don't discuss them; Although the contents of past documents can be quoted appropriately, they should not be listed in detail, and the preface should not be written as the historical development of research; Don't write the preface as a small summary of the literature, and don't repeat the common sense content already in the textbook or known by researchers in this field.
(4) Respect science and seek truth from facts. In the preface, the evaluation of the value of the paper should be appropriate and realistic, and the words should be scientific. It is best not to use inappropriate egos such as "this study is the first in China and is reported for the first time", "filling the gaps in China", "high academic value", "this study has not been reported in China" and "this study is at the leading level at home and abroad" to carry out paper innovation.
(5) The content of the preface should not be the same as that of the abstract. Pay attention to using polite expressions, such as "a little knowledge", "limited level", "please correct me" and "throwing a brick to attract jade". It is best not to discuss the preface in sections, not to illustrate and list, not to deduce and prove formulas.
(6) The preface should not be too long. Too long will bore readers, too short will be difficult to explain. A paper of 3000-5000 words, the number of words in the preface should generally be 200-250 words.
Edit the introduction of this paragraph (1) to explain the theme, scope and purpose of the paper.
(2) Explain the cause, background and brief historical review of related fields of this study (what have predecessors done? Which ones have not been solved? How's it going so far? ).
(3) Expected results or the significance of this study.
(4) The introduction is generally not segmented, and its length depends on the content of the paper. The introduction of papers involving basic research should be long and the analysis of clinical cases should be short. Most foreign papers have a long introduction, which is generally around 1000 words, which may be related to the strict limitation of the number of words in foreign domestic journals.
Editing the writing format of this introduction The so-called introduction is to set a topic for the writing of the paper, with the purpose of introducing the following. Only when the "proposition" is established does it need to continue to write the paper, otherwise the writing of the paper will lose its meaning. The general introduction includes two meanings: first, the background of "topic selection", which explains the position and role of topic selection in this discipline and the research status, especially the existing or unsolved problems in the research. The other is aimed at the existing research.
1) The article is irrelevant and general. Some authors seem to regard the introduction of the paper as a form and a dispensable part, and separate the writing of the introduction from the writing of the text just to add a hat to the paper. It is very common to discuss the importance of research in general, even from the position of the industries involved in technology in the national economy, just like a leader's speech. Is to stay on the subject of research. Obviously, as a result, readers can't accurately judge the specific value of "thesis proposition", and they lack a summary and introduction of the current research situation, and want to know how the author's research is different from previous research work. Therefore, the introduction of scientific papers must explain the background of research work and generally discuss the current situation of research problems. The discussion of the research status quo is not only to examine the author's degree of possession and familiarity with the materials, but more importantly, to judge the significance and value of the research work and the credibility of the research results from the comprehensive and outdated degree of the materials.
2) Citations are listed and lack of analysis and generalization. The introduction should not only reflect the breadth of the background, but also examine the depth of the author's understanding of the research background. Generally, the author's understanding of the research problem is not profound. When introducing the research status, he often lists a large number of references, lists different practices and conclusions of different researchers, lacks the author's analysis and induction, and fails to summarize the research results and existing problems. Some even list some documents that are not directly related to this study, and unilaterally emphasize the richness of information. Although some people think that different magazines have different requirements for introducing the research status, from the perspective of paper writing, the purpose of introduction is to explain the significance of the thesis proposition, not to summarize the research data, although summary provides convenience for readers to find information. Therefore, the author should use his own language to summarize the research status, especially the difficulties and shortcomings, so as to lead to the thesis.
Editing this preface is usually used to explain the author's creative intention and writing process. Written by others, it is often used to introduce and comment on the content of this book. There are three common types: author order, non-author order and translator order.
The author's preface is a preface written by the author himself, which is generally used to explain the idea, significance, main contents, key points and characteristics of the book, readers, relevant writing process and situation, arrangement style, scope of application, readers' reading suggestions, explanation of reprinting, introduction of people assisting in writing, thanks, etc. Its title is generally "preface" or "preface". Sometimes a relatively simple author's preface is used. When there is another preface written by a non-author, it can be used as a preface, a preface or an author's preface for the convenience of distinction. The preface written by the original author of this translation book for the Chinese translation is entitled "Preface to the Chinese Translation". The author's preface is usually placed before the table of contents, and it can also be placed after the table of contents if its content is directly coherent with the text.
The non-author preface is the preface written by the author to invite famous experts or institutions to write this book. The content is generally to recommend works, evaluate works realistically, and introduce the author or people and things involved in the book. Its title is "preface" or "preface", and the author's name is listed at the end of the document. Non-author prefaces generally come before the catalogue and author prefaces. If it is written for a series, it also comes before the preface of the series.
The preface of a translator usually focuses on the translation intention, and some also include some transactional explanations in the translation process. Generally, the title is "translator's preface", and the relatively simple content can also be titled "translator's preface" or "translator's words", which usually precedes the catalogue.