Reference: electrical design steps
(1) Collect the original data, mainly to understand the power supply situation and the requirements of lighting load for power supply continuity.
(2) Determine the power supply form according to the nature of lighting load.
(3) According to the lighting distribution system, including the division of distribution zones, how many distribution boxes are set, the power supply area and floor of the distribution boxes, the installation position and mode of the distribution boxes are determined, and the connection mode between the power supply points and the distribution boxes is determined.
(4) According to the division, determine the switch control mode of lamps and lanterns, so as to determine the number and installation position of switches.
(5) Determine the protection equipment of lighting lines at all levels, and determine the grounding form and electrical safety measures of lighting distribution system.
(6) Carry out load calculation, voltage loss calculation, reactive power compensation calculation and protection setting calculation.
(7) Select the conductor model, section and laying method.
(8) Determine the measurement method of electric energy.
Take the classroom as an example; First, choose the scheme, determine the power supply level, lighting requirements and so on. Generally, it includes the selection of light source, lighting mode, lighting type and illumination requirements, and then the determination of the number of lamps and lanterns and the arrangement scheme of lamps and lanterns. Count the wattage of each loop, design branch loops, and then the lighting power supply network.
Draw the lighting system diagram according to the lighting plan. Indicates the number of power supply incoming loops, the model and specification of wires or cables, the laying method and the pipe diameter. Main switch and fuse, specifications and models of switches and fuses of each branch, phase separation of each lighting circuit, number and quantity of outlet circuits, uses of each branch and total capacity of lighting equipment, including the capacity of electric fans, sockets and other electrical appliances. Finally, the total equipment capacity, demand coefficient, calculation capacity, calculation current and distribution mode of the system are expressed.
For the large classroom of 150 students, it is suggested that the vertical fluorescent lamp with rare earth tricolor phosphors be used as the lighting source, which has the characteristics of good color rendering, high light efficiency and long life, and can easily meet the requirements of color rendering, illumination level and energy saving. T8 straight fluorescent lamp can improve the lighting quality, which is more conducive to environmental protection and meets the requirements of energy saving.
Summarize the key points of school lighting design;
(1) According to the Standard for Lighting Design of Buildings, the standard illumination value of the desktop or 0.75 horizontal plane in classrooms, reading rooms, laboratories and multimedia classrooms is 300LX, and that of the desktop and blackboard in art classrooms is 500LX；; Illuminance uniformity is not less than 0.7.
(2) The classroom lighting source should be a thin tube straight tube type high-efficiency fluorescent lamp with a color temperature of 4000-5000K and a color rendering index of not less than 80.
(3) Bat-wing light distribution lamps should be used for general lighting in the classroom. The light distribution principle should be parallel to the students' sight, installed above the channels between desks, and the vertical distance from desks should not be less than 1.7 meters.
(4) When installing blackboard lighting, asymmetric light distribution lamps should be used, parallel to the blackboard, and the average vertical illumination on the blackboard should be higher than the average illumination level in the classroom. Blackboard lighting should not produce direct glare for teachers, nor should it produce reflective glare for students. When designing, the installation height of lamps and lanterns and the distance from the blackboard wall should be reasonably determined, so that the positions of blackboard lighting lamps and lanterns are not equal and the number of lamps and lanterns is clear. The number of special blackboard lighting varies with the width of the blackboard. See the regulations for details.
(5) In order to meet the requirement of uniform illumination, the height-width ratio of lamps and lanterns should not exceed the maximum allowable height-width ratio of selected lamps and lanterns when classroom lighting.
(6) There should be 1.2 power sockets on the front and rear walls of ordinary classrooms, which are distributed in loops and equipped with leakage protection.
(7) The classroom should be equipped with ceiling fans and speed control switches.
(8) The student activity area and the public activity area should be controlled and distributed separately. Every building and every floor should be equipped with a power cut-off switch.
(9) The distribution range of each lighting branch should not exceed three ordinary small classrooms.
(10) An electric bell should be installed near the stairs.
For specific construction drawings, you can download and refer to online examples. ...