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I. Explanation of Nouns

Literary production: According to the general principle of Marx's socialized mass production, generalized production includes four links: narrow production and circulation, distribution and consumption. Accordingly, literary production in a broad sense should include creation, publication, distribution and reading. However, what we usually call literary production is mainly literary production in a narrow sense, that is, the creation of an ideological (or ontological) text in the form of a writer's internal psychological image, and the materialization of a writer's ideological literary text into literary reading materials through a certain material carrier, such as literary books, movie copies, videotapes, audio tapes, electronic CDs, e-books and online hypertext.

Literary communication: It is a process in which literary producers give literary information a material carrier by means of certain material media and communication methods, so as to convey literary information or literary products to literary consumers, which is what people usually call literary publishing and social circulation activities. The purpose is to transform the writer's personal creation into a certain degree of social enjoyment, and there are various means and ways to realize it. Literary communication also refers to the publication and circulation of literary works. Literary communication is a bridge between literary creators and literary recipients.

Mass media: refers to the material media and technical means used for mass communication. Mass communication is a kind of communication mode that some professional organizations or groups use modern scientific and technological means and media to transmit information to a large number of strangers and widely distributed audiences. Mass communication uses printed media (such as books, newspapers, magazines, etc.) ) and electronic media (such as radio, movies, television and computer networks, etc. ) Collect, copy and disseminate information in large quantities. Mass media has the characteristics of large-scale, rapid, unidirectional or interactive communication.

Literature consumption: Literature consumption can be divided into broad sense and narrow sense. Literature consumption in a broad sense refers to the process that people use literary works to meet their spiritual needs, that is, literature reading or literature appreciation. Literary consumption in this sense exists from literature itself. Critics often refer to literature consumption in a broad sense when comparing literature consumption with literature production. Literature consumption in a narrow sense has appeared since modern times, which refers to people's consumption, reading and appreciation of literature since it became a special commodity with the full development of commodity economy and the wide use of printing and publishing media. When critics compare literature consumption and literature appreciation, they often refer to literature consumption in a narrow sense.

Elegant literature: it is an elegant, orthodox, classic, exquisite and pure literary type with high ideological and artistic value. Elegant literature mainly serves the class with higher cultural literacy in society. The content and theme are substantial and profound; The theme or meaning is rich in depth; The art form is exploratory and original; Distinctive personality and style; It attracts readers to think seriously, experience and imagine, and at the same time it has great artistic appeal, which is the characteristic of elegant literature. It is sometimes called pure literature, beautiful literature, serious literature or elite literature. Elegant literature and popular literature are a set of relative concepts, but they are not extreme and absolute, and can even be transformed into each other.

Cultural market: It can be divided into broad sense and narrow sense. In a narrow sense, the cultural market refers to the places set up for the circulation of real cultural goods and the provision of cultural consumption services, such as bookstores, book fairs, theaters, video halls and so on. Cultural market in a broad sense refers to the sum of cultural commodity exchange activities. As a special field of the whole commodity market, it should not only operate according to the value law of the general market, but also follow the relevant national cultural policies and regulations. The cultural market should focus on social benefits and strive to achieve a balance between social benefits and economic benefits. Cultural market plays an intermediary role between cultural production and consumers. Cultural market has a positive effect on the prosperity of literature and art, which greatly promotes the connection between literary production and literary consumption; It means that art producers should establish market concept and reader concept and arrange production according to the needs of cultural market; It stimulates the creative potential of artists and contributes to the great liberation of artistic productivity; It makes the artistic resources reasonably allocated and promotes the diversification of art, thus satisfying people's aesthetic needs in many ways. In addition, the competition mechanism in the cultural market has also promoted artists' exploration and innovation in literary concepts, writing methods and artistic skills, and promoted the prosperity and development of literary production.

Second, short answer questions

1. Interaction between literary consumption and literary production

"Literary production stipulates literary consumption, which occurs simultaneously for literary consumption."

"Literary production stipulates literary consumption", which is mainly manifested in:

First, literary production provides the consumption object for literary consumption, that is, literary products. Literary consumption, as an activity of reading and appreciating literary products, is bound to target certain literary products.

Second, literary production stipulates the way of literary consumption. Literary reading in the traditional sense is usually a kind of text reading. However, with the profound change of literary production mode and the popularization of electronic media, literary consumption not only refers to text reading and paper literature consumption, but also includes audio-visual reading of radio, film and television literature and video reading of electronic network literature, resulting in the so-called cultural consumption mode in the era of reading pictures.

Third, literary production has stipulated the demand of literary consumption, or it has produced new consumers. Marx pointed out that "artistic objects create people who understand art and have aesthetic ability, and so do any other products."

Therefore, production is not only the main body of production, but also the main body of production. "The cultural level, artistic accomplishment, aesthetic taste and spiritual pursuit of literary consumers in a society or a nation are often created through the literary products themselves. Supporting and producing excellent serious literary works can often "create" high-grade and high-level literary readers, while allowing inferior and vulgar literary works to flood may "create" readers with vulgar tastes. " Literary consumption is also used for literary consumption ",which is mainly manifested in:

First, literary consumption restricts literary production, first of all, literary products are finally realized in consumption. In other words, a complete literary production cycle does not end with a writer creating a work. No matter how wonderful it is written, if a work is not published or printed but not bought and read by readers, then it is only a potential work, and its artistic and social values will not be realized, and its cultural attributes such as cognition, aesthetics and communication will not be reflected.

Second, the way and scale of literary consumption restricting literary production: how to carry out literary production? Produce what? What is the output? Are restricted by literary consumption. For example, the text reading consumption pattern of literary consumers determines that the author of literary works attaches importance to language skills and literary images, patterns and plots;

Third, literary consumption embodies the purpose and motivation of literary production. This is the most important restriction of literary consumption on literary production. It is the reader's literary consumption demand that determines and stimulates literary production. If it is divorced from the needs of readers' spiritual and cultural consumption, literary production will lose its ultimate purpose and significance. Literature is human studies. Meeting people's emotional needs is the inexhaustible motive force and source of literary production.

2. Literary consumption as a general commodity consumption

Since modern society, with the change of material production mode, the production mode of cultural products has also changed. The most obvious is the emergence of cultural communication industry and the formation of cultural circulation market. In this case, the production and consumption of literature, like the production and consumption of general products, must be realized through the intermediary link of commodity circulation, and literary producers and literary consumers have been separated to some extent. Literary consumers are a large number of groups with different educational levels and hobbies that even the authors can't understand, and these groups are often strangers, with mobility and concealment. The connection between literary producers and consumers should be realized through the cultural market. It can be seen that from the perspective of cultural circulation, literary products have obvious commodity nature, and literary consumption is also deeply branded with the imprint of general commodity consumption. Because the creation of literary products not only embodies the writer's wisdom and painstaking efforts, but also embodies the labor consumption of other workers. As the product of materialized production process, it has certain exchange value or price. In order to obtain the right to consume literary products, literary consumers must pay a certain amount of money by buying or leasing, so that the reproduction of literature can be maintained. In the cultural market, literary books, as a materialized commodity, are also damaged and destroyed. This kind of loss as a material carrier is the same as that of ordinary goods, and has the same commodity consumption nature.

3. Literary consumption as a special spiritual product.

The reason why literature consumption can't be completely equal to general commodity consumption lies in:

First of all, general material products mainly meet people's material needs, while literary products, as a special spiritual product, mainly meet people's spiritual needs. Therefore, the consumption value of general commodities is the same for consumers and has the same measurement standard, while the consumption value of literary products will have different effects for different consumers, so it has different evaluation standards.

Secondly, the exchange value of general material goods strictly follows the principle of equivalent exchange, while the money paid by literary consumers is often equal to the labor consumption condensed in the process of materialized production of literary products, but it is difficult to be equal to the creative work of writers contained in it. The unique value of the latter is often difficult to quantify, especially great literary works are often original and unrepeatable.

Thirdly, the consumption of general material goods is a pure loss of value, and its use value will inevitably disappear with the tangible and intangible losses in consumption. No matter what era, no matter how advanced the technology is, material products will eventually be replaced by products with more advanced performance. Some of them may be transformed into cultural relics and collected by museums, but most of the material products will withdraw from the consumption field. However, literary products are not. Excellent literary works of all ages are super-contemporary, and are appreciated by readers of all ages with their permanent artistic charm. It can be seen that the consumption of literary products transcends time and space, and great classical literary masterpieces even have value appreciation.

Finally, general commodity consumption is worthy of the name, while the consumption of literary products is not only commodity consumption, but also a kind of dissemination and acceptance of cultural information, which often has the nature of re-creation and requires the active participation of consumers themselves.

4. The difference between literature consumption and literature acceptance.

Generally speaking, literary consumption and literary acceptance, as terms of literary theory, rose in the 20th century and were widely used. Literary reception: The concept of literary reception was widely spread with the rise of German reception aesthetics in 1960s and 1970s. Literary acceptance is regarded as an active reading and re-creation activity with literary text as the object and readers as the main body, striving to grasp the deep meaning of the text. It is the reader's active choice, acceptance or abandonment of the value, attribute or information of literary works on the basis of aesthetic experience.

First of all, literary consumption has the duality of material consumption and spiritual consumption, while literary acceptance is purely an activity within the scope of spiritual literature.

Secondly, literary consumption includes both reading behavior and consumption behavior of unread activities; Literary acceptance must be a spiritual activity of reading or appreciating.

Third, the subjective and objective conditions of literary consumption and literary acceptance are different. In order to make literature consumption go smoothly, literature consumers are required to have not only the necessary subjective conditions such as cultural knowledge, reading ability and consumption psychology, but also the necessary objective conditions such as economic ability, leisure time and appropriate space. The subjective and objective conditions of literary acceptance are different. As far as the subjective conditions of literary acceptance are concerned, in addition to the reading ability mentioned above, the study of literary acceptance pays more attention to the receiver's personality, temperament, gender, age, occupation, experience, outlook on life, cultural accomplishment, aesthetic taste, aesthetic ideal, artistic experience, expectation horizon and reading mood. The objective conditions of literary acceptance mainly refer to the historical background of the recipient (text) and the recipient. Finally, the study of literary consumption has the characteristics of comprehensive multi-perspectives, while the study of literary acceptance is biased towards the unique perspective of aesthetic experience or artistic psychology.