Biodiversity in a broad sense includes biodiversity in a narrow sense and related humanistic and cultural factors. Biodiversity in a narrow sense is used to reflect the process and result of various elements forming a stable ecological complex in a specific range of natural ecological environment. These elements are integrated through specific ecological laws, forming the interaction between organisms and between organisms and the environment. The elements of biodiversity mainly include diverse biological and abiotic environments.
Species diversity is the core and key of biodiversity, which includes the richness and uniformity of biological species in a certain range. Abundance refers to the species richness in an area, also known as regional species diversity, and evenness refers to the ecological distribution of species, also known as community species diversity.