I. Mongolians

Mongolians live on grasslands and live on animal husbandry. Living a nomadic life of "living by weeds", although this lifestyle has weakened in modern society, it is still regarded as a symbol of Mongolians.

In Mongolia, it is a traditional festival with a long history to hold the "Nadam" conference in July and August every year when livestock are fat. This is a cultural and entertainment conference held by people to celebrate the bumper harvest. There are thrilling horse racing, wrestling, admirable archery, competitive chess skills and fascinating songs and dances at the Nadam Conference, which show the unique characteristics of grassland nationalities.

The Mongolian population in China is mainly distributed in Inner Mongolia and Northeast China, Xinjiang, Hebei and Qinghai, and the rest are scattered in Henan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Beijing and Yunnan.

Second, the Hui nationality.

Hui nationality is the abbreviation of Hui nationality, and it is a minority with a large population in China, with a total population of 1 058,6087 (2065,438+00 excludes Taiwan Province Province). Contemporary Hui people generally use Chinese, and different regions hold different dialects. On the whole, the distribution of Hui nationality is mainly characterized by the pattern of "large dispersion and small settlement".

Because of their belief in Islam, the Hui people mainly celebrate three major festivals every year, namely Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha and Holy Day, all of which are calculated according to the Islamic calendar. Hui folk festival Eid al-Fitr (also called Jimin Festival), also called Eid al-Fitr. In September, the origin of hiji is Ramadan every year. All Hui men are 65,438+02 years old, and women are over 9 years old. Those who are healthy should fast. After liberation, the State Council designated Eid al-Fitr as a legal holiday for the Hui people.

Three. Miao ethnic group

Miao, an ancient nation, is scattered all over the world, mainly in Guizhou, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangxi, Qiong and other provinces in China, as well as Laos, Vietnam, Thailand and other countries and regions in Southeast Asia.

Miao people have their own language, and Miao language belongs to the branch of Miao Yao language family of Sino-Tibetan language family, which is divided into three dialects: Xiangxi, Qiandong and Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan. Due to the long-term contact between Miao and Han, some Miao people are fluent in and use Chinese. Miao people's religious beliefs are mainly nature worship and ancestor worship.

Miao music and dance has a long history, and its arts and crafts such as flower picking, embroidery, brocade, batik and jewelry making are internationally renowned. The ancestors of Miao people can be traced back to the Chiyou tribe, which was active in the Central Plains in primitive society. Miao people used to believe in animism, worship nature and worship their ancestors.

Four. Dai (DA)

Dai people regard peacocks and elephants as mascots, and folk stories are rich and colorful. Dai people like to live by the water, love cleanliness, often take a bath, and women like to wash their hair, so they have the reputation of "water nation". In the past, Dai people generally believed in Buddhism, and primitive religion spread to the south.

Dai is the main ethnic group in Thailand and Laos, accounting for 40% of the total population in Thailand. Dai is the second largest ethnic group in Myanmar and a minority in China, India, Viet Nam and Cambodia. According to the data of the sixth census in 20 10, there are more than 260,000 Dai people in China.

Dai is a nation with a long history. As early as the first century AD, there were records about Dai in China history books. After 1949, it was named "Dai" according to the wishes of the Dai people. Dai people call themselves "Dai Nuo" and "Dai Ya". The Dai people generally believe in Hinayana Buddhism and many festivals are related to Buddhist activities.

The annual Water-Splashing Festival is held in June of Dai calendar, which is the biggest festival. In Dai language, it is called "Sanggan Bimai". At that time, the Buddha will be worshipped and a banquet will be held to entertain monks, relatives and friends to splash water on each other. Now, water splashing is the main content of the Dai New Year Festival, which is deeply loved by people of all ethnic groups.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) Tibetan

Tibetans are one of the 56 ethnic groups in China and the aborigines of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In China, they are mainly distributed in Xizang Autonomous Region, Qinghai and western Sichuan, as well as in Diqing, Yunnan and Gannan, Gansu. In addition, there are Tibetans from India, Bhutan, the United States, Canada, Europe and Australia.

Tibetans generally believe in Tibetan Buddhism. Buddhism was introduced into Tubo from Tianzhu in the 7th century, with a history of 1400 years. People in Xizang has created a splendid national culture, leaving a very rich cultural heritage in literature, music, dance, painting, sculpture, architectural art and so on. Tibetan carving skills are superb. In addition, Tibetan opera is unique, and Tibetan medicine is also an important heritage of mankind.

Tibetan is the title of Chinese. Tibet is called Bo in Tibetan, and Tibetans living here call themselves Boba. Tibet, known as the "roof of the world", is beautiful and magical, and it is the main settlement of Tibetans. Among the existing population of 1.3 million, Tibetans account for 95%, and they are one of the ancient ethnic groups in China. Tibetans generally believe in Tibetan Buddhism, namely Lamaism.

Many traditional festivals in the past were related to religious activities. Tibetan folk festivals include Tibetan New Year, Butter Lantern Festival and Bathing Buddha Festival. The biggest traditional festival of the Tibetan people is the Tibetan calendar on the first day of the first month of the Tibetan calendar every year.

Extended data:

Distribution characteristics of ethnic minorities:

Compared with inland coastal Han nationality areas, the population density of ethnic minority areas is quite different. For example, the population density of Xizang Autonomous Region, where ethnic minorities live in compact communities, is only 65,438+0.8 people per square kilometer.

Two characteristics of ethnic minorities:

First, small settlements and large mixed settlements. The minority population is mainly concentrated in the southwest, northwest and northeast provinces. There are ethnic minorities living in five autonomous regions, 30 autonomous prefectures, 120 autonomous counties (banners) and more than 200 ethnic townships in Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Tibet, Guangxi and Ningxia. But there are many Han people living together in these areas, and the proportion is quite high.

Second, it is widely distributed, but mainly concentrated in the western and border areas. China has 1 1 provinces and regions, and there are 56 ethnic groups, accounting for 35.5% of the national 3 1 provinces and regions. Although ethnic minorities are widely distributed, their population is still mainly concentrated in the west and border areas. China's land border is more than 20 thousand kilometers long, most of which are ethnic minority areas.

References:

Baidu encyclopedia-Tibetans