1. Writing
The French consonant [d] is written exactly the same as the lowercase letter "d" But because the French consonant [d] belongs to the tip of the tongue, it is further marked as [d? ], composed of uppercase and lowercase letter "d" and its lower part is similar to the Chinese character "convex". Generally write [d] when writing general phonetic symbols. In order to make a more detailed distinction in this paper, [d] is used as [d? ] instead.
2. Lip shape
2. 1 initial lip shape
The upper and lower lips are slightly open. ↓
Note: The French teacher exaggerated the mouth movements here for the convenience of presentation. In daily practical pronunciation, for the purpose of saving time, it is usually only necessary to gently open your lips. In addition, when demonstrating pronunciation, the French teacher uses the method of "calling and reading" with this consonant+vowel instead of the consonant [d? ] Pure local sound, please distinguish between imitation and reading aloud.
2.2 End lip shape
The lip opening increases slightly with the chin moving down, similar to the phonetic symbol [? ] lip type. ↓
3. Mouth shape
When the lips are open, the upper and lower teeth are slightly open. At the end of pronunciation, the lower teeth are further slightly opened and the chin moves down.
4. Tongue position
Before pronouncing, gently press the tip of the tongue on the back of the upper teeth to block the airflow. ↓
When pronouncing, the tip of the tongue moves down with the chin and returns to the relaxed flat tongue position. ↓
Special attention: French consonants [d? Language differences between] and English consonant [d]
English consonant [d] belongs to "gum stop", and the position where the tip of the tongue touches before pronunciation is the gum at the back of the upper teeth. Did not touch the back of the upper teeth. ↓
5. vocal cords
French consonants [d? ] is a voiced consonant, and the vocal cords vibrate when pronounced. Its pronunciation intensity ratio [t? ] is slightly higher, but it is still relatively low on the whole. As if nothing happened, it will be fleeting.
6. Air supply?
Although French consonants [d? ] When you make a sound, you need to let a certain air flow through the vocal cords, so that you can make a sound by vibrating the vocal cords, but this air flow is only used to vibrate the vocal cords, and it is not ejected from your mouth. When pronouncing, if you put your palm a few centimeters in front of your lips, your palm won't feel any air rushing out of your mouth. Therefore, the French consonant [d? ] can be further classified as "no aspirated sound".
7. Natural classification
French consonants [d? ] In classification, it belongs to "voiced tongue and teeth". ↓
8. Pronunciation skills
We are learning French consonants [d? ], * * * There are two points to pay attention to: 1) To avoid the interference caused by the "calling" of initials in Chinese Pinyin on French consonant learning. 2) Although the initial "T" in Chinese Pinyin and the consonant [d] in French are both written in lowercase letters, the international phonetic symbol corresponding to the initial "D" is the unvoiced consonant [t] instead of the unvoiced consonant [d] in French, which are essentially different and need special attention.
6. Including consonants [d? ] French words
【d？ ] At the beginning of the word:
De [d] prép p. Preposition "Cong, Zi"? French real-life pronunciation video of words (no need to learn online)
【d？ ] Between the lines:
idée？ 【id？ E] n.f. the feminine noun "idea, concept"? French real-life pronunciation video of words (no need to learn online)
【d？ ] At the end of the word:
Grand [? ɑd？ ] A. The feminine adjective "huge, tall"? French real-life pronunciation video of words (no need to learn online)
Attached to this article's mind map: