From Mr. Chong Xuan's letter (Beijing Daily Supplement, February issue), I know that he heard two passengers talking on the boat, saying that the Leifeng Tower in Hangzhou fell down because the country people were superstitious that the brick tower would be safe, happy and auspicious in their own homes, so this one was dug, and that one was dug for a long time, and then it fell down.

A passenger repeatedly sighed: The Ten Scenes of the West Lake are gone!

This news, also let me a little carefree, although I know schadenfreude, unlike a gentleman, but I am not a gentleman, I can't decorate it.

Many of us in China-I want to reiterate here, not including all our 40 million compatriots! -generally suffering from a "ten-scene disease", at least "eight-scene disease", probably became heavier in the Qing dynasty.

Every time you read a county chronicle, there are often ten or eight scenes of this county, such as "the bright moon in the distant village", "the clear bell in the Xiao Temple" and "the ancient pool is good for water". Moreover, the cross-shaped bacteria seem to have invaded blood vessels and spread all over the body, and their power has long since disappeared! I am surprised by the germs of national subjugation.

There are ten kinds of snacks, ten bowls of food, ten times of music (4), ten Yamaraja halls, perfect medicine and all kinds of luck in guessing boxing. Even a person's misdeeds or crimes are usually ten when they are published, and it seems that he will never give up if he commits nine.

Now the Ten Scenes of the West Lake are gone! "All countries in the world have nine classics" (5). The Nine Classics have existed since ancient times, but the Nine Scenes are quite unfamiliar. Therefore, it is a criticism of Ten Scenes Disease, which can at least make patients feel unusual, know their lovely old disease and suddenly run away by one tenth.

But there is still sadness in it. In fact, this inevitable destruction is still futile, and carefree is just boring self-deception. Elegant people, believers and traditional people must make up these ten scenes with painstaking words.

No destruction means no new construction, roughly yes; But there is destruction, but there may not be new construction. Rousseau, Steiner, Nietzsche, Tolstoy, Yi Yisheng and others are, in brandeis's words, "trajectory destroyers".

In fact, they were not only destroyed, but also taken away. They rushed in and swept away the old tracks that hindered their steps, whether they were intact or fragments. They don't want to dig a scrap iron brick to take home and prepare to sell it to a second-hand shop. There are few such people in China, and even if there are, they will be covered up by the public.

Mr Kong Qiu is really great. He was born in an era when witchcraft and ghosts were so powerful that he refused to talk about ghosts and gods when in Rome. But it's a pity that he is too smart. "Sacrificing is like offering sacrifices to God." 6. He just used the usual method of repairing the Spring and Autumn Period, and the word "such as" was slightly "nifty and mean", which made people puzzled for a moment and could not see the opposition in his stomach.

He is willing to scold Lutz, but he refuses to declare war on ghosts and gods, because once he declares war, he will have no peace, and he will easily commit the crime of swearing-although he will only scold ghosts. In other words, there is bound to be a good man like Mr. TY, the author of The Theory of Balance (see the January edition of Morning Post), who will mock him for ghosts and gods: What's his name? Swearing is not famous. For profit? Swearing is unprofitable.

Trying to seduce women? You can't print Chiyou's face on the article. Why do you want to do it?

Mr Kong Qiu is a sophisticated old gentleman. Apart from the problem of pressing the face, he is very thoughtful, just not talking, but never scolding. As a result, he became a saint in China, well-informed and all-encompassing. Otherwise, what is enshrined in the Confucius Temple now may not be called Confucius.

But only on stage. Tragedy destroys the valuable things in life, while comedy tears the worthless things to people. Satire is just a tributary of comedy simplification.

But tragic and funny are both enemies of the Ten Scenes Disease, because they are destructive, although they are destroyed in different ways.

If China's "Ten Scenes Disease" still exists, not only Rousseau's madman will never come into being, but also a tragic writer, comic writer or satirist will never come into being. All, just comedy characters or non-comedy and non-tragedy characters, live in ten scenes that imitate each other, and there are ten diseases on one side of each scene.

However, a completely stagnant life is rare in the world, so the saboteurs have arrived, but they are not prescient saboteurs themselves, but violent robbers or foreign barbarians.

⑿ ⑧ I have been to the Central Plains for a long time, and I have been to all the five lakes and Mongolia. Zhang, a compatriot, killed people like grass, but was shot into the bushes by Manchu soldiers and died.

Some people say that China, without the brutal invasion of fresh blood, really don't know how corrupt it would be! This is of course an extremely vicious joke, but once we turn the page on history, I'm afraid we will inevitably be oversensitive.

Foreign coach came, shocked for a while, and finally asked him to be the master and fix the old rules under his knife and axe; Neikou came, shocked for a while, and finally asked him if he was a master or not to worship a master and make up the old rules in his own rubble.

Looking through the county annals again, we can see that many women's names have been added after each battle.

Seeing the recent military disaster, I'm afraid I'm going to praise Jie Lie again. Where did many men go? All this robber-like destruction can only leave a piece of rubble, which has nothing to do with construction.

But when there is peace, it means that the old rules are being mended. Without pirates, the country has not been destroyed for the time being? Not exactly. At that time, there was slave-like destruction, and Changchuan was active.

The excavation of Leifeng Tower brick is only a short example. Most of the stone buddhas in Longmen are incomplete, so the books and illustrations in the library should be carefully torn off. If it is difficult to move, there are few public or ownerless things that can be completely moved.

However, the reason for its destruction is not like the destroyer's desire for sweeping, nor like the thief's desire for plunder or simple desire for destruction. Just because of the minimal self-interest at present, he is willing to secretly add a wound to the great things he has accomplished.

With a large number of people, the trauma is naturally great, but after the defeat, it is difficult to know who caused the injury.

Just like the Leifeng Tower collapsed, we only know that it was because of the superstition of the country people. * * * Some towers have been lost, but what farmers get is only a brick, which will be hidden by another selfish person in the future and eventually destroyed.

If the new Leifeng Pagoda was rebuilt because of the outbreak of "Ten Scenes Disease" in Five Blessingg, Kang Ming.

But can the fate of the future be inferred? If a countryman is still such a countryman, the old example is still such an old example.

This slave-like destruction can only leave a piece of rubble, which has nothing to do with construction.

Not only the country people have arrived at Leifeng Tower, but now I don't know how many minions are stealing the pillars of the Republic of China every day!

The gravel yard is not sad enough. It is sad to fix the old case on the gravel yard. We want the destroyer of innovation, because he has the light of ideal in his heart. We should know the difference between him and a thief slave; You should pay attention to the latter two.

This difference is not annoying, as long as people look to save themselves, whoever speaks and thinks is a bandit, and those who take advantage are slaves, no matter how bright and beautiful the flag in front is.

1February 6, 925

To annotate ...

This film was first published in1February 23, 925, issue 15 of Threads Weekly.

(2) Chongxuan's correspondence refers to1the letter from Hu Chongxuan to editor Sun Fuyuan published in the 49th issue of Beijing Daily Supplement on February 2, 925, The Cause of the Collapse of Leifeng Tower.

There is such a passage in the letter: "I don't know when the Leifeng Tower has fallen by half, leaving only the second half, which is very old." However, almost all the villagers there have such superstitions that it is safe and happy to take a brick of Leifeng Tower at home, and no matter what bad things, they can save the day. "

Therefore, every countryman who visits Leifeng Tower will secretly dig a tower brick and take it home. -My cousin used to do this. -You think, one brick for each person. Over time, the bricks in Leifeng Tower were hollowed out by others. Is there any reason why the tower shouldn't be knocked down?

Now the Leifeng Tower has fallen down. Alas, the Ten Scenes of the West Lake are gone! "

Hu Chongxuan, Hu Yepin, is one of the editors of People's Literature and Art, a weekly magazine of Beijing Daily.

The evil of national subjugation: a strange statement at that time. 1April, 924, No.2 of the third volume of Psychology magazine contained Zhang Yaoxiang's article "The mood of a new poet", and put the exclamation marks in some new poetry collections published at that time (! )

Statistically speaking, this symbol "looks like many bacteria on a smaller scale, but looks like several rows of projectiles on an enlarged scale", which is considered as an expression of negative, pessimistic and world-weary emotions. Therefore, vernacular poems with exclamation marks are "the voice of national subjugation".

④ Fan Shi: Also known as Fan Shi Drum and Fan Shi Drum, it is a divertimento composed of several tunes and drums. Popular in Fujian, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other places. According to eleven records in Li Dou's "Zhou Yang Fang Hua" in Qing Dynasty, drum is an ensemble of ten musical instruments, including flute, pipe, flute, string, violin, cloud gong, soup gong, fish, sandalwood and drum.

⑤ For the sentence "All countries in the world have nine classics", see The Doctrine of the Mean: "All countries in the world have nine classics. What is said is: cultivate one's morality, respect morality, kiss, respect courtiers, exercise courtiers, children, Shu Ren, come to be diligent, far soft, and be pregnant with princes. "

It means that there are nine things to do to govern the country. Only the words "Jing" and "Jing" are homophonic here.

⑥ Kong Qiu (55 1- 479) was born in the Spring and Autumn Period (now Qufu, Shandong Province) and was the founder of Confucianism. "The Analects of Confucius Shuer" has a description of "The Confusion of Machamp without Words". Sacrifice is like offering sacrifices to God, just as God is there. See "The Analects of Confucius Eight Shu".

He once revised the Spring and Autumn Annals, and later scholars thought that he used a mixed sentence to express his righteousness, which was called "Spring and Autumn brushwork". See Yongye's oath to disciple Luz in The Analects of Confucius: "I see Nanzi, but I don't say anything." Master's arrow says: to those who refuse, God will hate it! Tired of it! " Nanzi is Wei Linggong's wife.

⑦ Generally speaking: an article published in 1925 1 month 18, issue 12 of Morning Post Supplement, signed by TY. He objected to writing critical articles, including a passage: "I really don't know where such people (people who write critical articles according to instructions) live."

I want to make money, sometimes it costs money to publish. It is said that he wants to seduce women. His Zhu Yuanzhang's face is not printed in the article.

Suppose he wants to invite a name. It is enough for others to see his sharp article. Who can trust him? "The following is Lu Xun's satire on this article.

⑧ ⑿: One of the northern nationalities in ancient China, which was called ⑿ ⑿ in Zhou Dynasty and Xiongnu in Qin and Han Dynasties. When Zhou Chengwang became king, he went to war with them.

⑨ Wuhu: a general term for the five ethnic minorities of Xiongnu, Jie, Xianbei, Bian and Qiang in history.

Attending Zhang (1606- 1646) was born in Liushujian, Yan 'an (now Dingbian East, Shaanxi Province) and was the leader of the peasant uprising in the late Ming Dynasty. In the third year of Chongzhen (1630), he rebelled and moved to Shaanxi and Henan. In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (1644), he entered Sichuan and established Daxi Kingdom in Chengdu.

In the third year of Qing Shunzhi (1646), he left Sichuan and went to Yanting boundary in northern Sichuan. He was suddenly met by the Qing soldiers, and fell off his horse with a heavy arrow on Phoenix Slope, and died. There are many exaggerated records about his murder in old history books (including unofficial history and miscellaneous notes).

Extended data:

Creation background

Both Leifeng Tower and Baokui Tower are in the West Lake. Leifeng Pagoda was built by the imperial concubine of wuyue at the beginning of wuyue's founding, so it is also called the imperial concubine pagoda to symbolize feudal morality. Baokuo Pagoda was built when Hao Yue was about to fall. It was built by the king's money and was a tribute to the prince of the Song Dynasty. Its name "Bao" obviously maintained feudal orthodoxy.

After the Revolution of 1911, although the feudal autocracy was overthrown, the feudal system was not "extinct", the restoration forces still existed, and the retro argument was still clamoring. It is more difficult to eliminate feudal ideas.

This article was written on 1924128 October, only one month after the collapse of Leifeng Tower. When the author wrote this article, it was only five years since the Revolution of 1911 13 and the May 4th Movement. Although the Revolution of 1911 ended two thousand years of imperial rule, it did not change the semi-colonial and semi-feudal social nature of China.

The May 4th Movement, especially the New Culture Movement at the same time, had a strong impact on feudal ideology and morality, but it was far from being completely washed away.

1in the winter of 924, the Beiyang warlord government strengthened its reactionary rule, and the revolutionary struggle against the Beiyang warlord government became increasingly high. Lu Xun published this article at this time, making a big fuss and using the topic, and its significance far exceeded the scope of criticizing feudal ethics.

Literary appreciation

The collapse of an ancient pagoda has nothing to do with social and political struggles. However, Lu Xun, who is concerned about the changes of the current situation, skillfully linked it with the ongoing anti-feudal struggle from a unique perspective with keen eyes.

With the collapse of Leifeng Pagoda, the myth that the White Snake Empress was brutally suppressed by Fahai was used to criticize and expose the powerful people who maintained the feudal patriarchal clan system, enthusiastically praised the rebellious spirit of the White Snake Empress, and revealed the historical law that the feudal system that stifled people's freedom and hindered social development was bound to perish.

From the title, it seems to be a paper, but in fact it is a short article with beautiful language and profound meaning. The most prominent feature of this article is to explain things in a narrative way.

From the beginning to the end, the work has neither quotations from essays nor nonsense, but contains profound truth in vivid and beautiful narration.

First of all, the article talks about what the "Leifeng Tower" fell down, using narrative language, without directly expressing its own views. Then, with a change of pen, he told the legend of "White Snake Empress" in beautiful language.

In this way, the "Leifeng Tower" was skillfully endowed with the symbolic meaning of "the tower of repression", which laid the foundation for the full-text expression of the anti-feudal theme.

Then, the relationship between White Snake, Xu Xian and Fahai is described in a great deal of space. It is reasonable to express the anti-feudal thought of the article incisively and vividly. Pure argumentative language can hardly find the whole article, but it is like salt in water. Although the form of salt is invisible, it can be tasted in every drop of water.

The author's reason is not disclosed publicly, but presented to the readers. What's more remarkable is that it not only makes sense, but also integrates emotion and reason, making narrative, reasoning and lyricism integrated. Use reason to describe people, use emotion to describe people.

From the description of Leifeng Tower's "rags" at the beginning to the "gossiping about Fahai" in the middle, the work interferes with other people's freedom of marriage, and embodies the distinct feelings of hating feudal power and sympathizing with the oppressed at the end of the pen, which moves between the lines of narrative language and gives readers a strong infection.

Finally, with the word "deserved it" as the conclusion, and with the style of "gloating", the ending of the "old Zen master" sitting alone in the sea crab shell was bitterly ridiculed, which vented people's strong desire to punish evil and promote good, and received miraculous results. It is both novel and ingenious, and full of fighting, which is amazing.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia —— About the Collapse of Leifeng Pagoda