The Palais des Nations is located in Ariane Park, which is located in the hilly area on the right bank of Lake Lemmon, covering an area of 25 hectares (about 375 acres). Standing high in the garden, you can overlook Lake Lemmon and Mont Blanc, the highest mountain in Europe. This park was originally the private property of the Le Viglio family, Gustav? Le Viglio is the last generation of this family. He is a writer and an art collector. His mother's name is Ariane. After his mother died, he named the garden Ariane to show his memory of her. There is also an Ariane Museum in the park, which was built by Le Viglio to store his large collection of China and Japanese porcelain. 1890, Gustav le Viglio left the Ariane Park and Ariane Museum to the city of Geneva before his death. There are three provisions in his will: first, after his death, the mausoleum will be built in this garden, and the Geneva municipal government must always be responsible for protecting and maintaining it and must not destroy it; 2. Ariane Park cannot be privately owned and must be open to the public; According to the tradition of Le Viglio family, peacocks should be kept in the garden. The Geneva Municipal Government agrees and abides by these three regulations. The League of Nations, which had the right to use Ariane Park then, and the United Nations Office at Geneva now also agreed to abide by these three regulations. The Palais des Nations was built by the League of Nations in 1929, when 360 designers participated in the design. The League of Nations selected five best architects, the most important of which were Italian Carlo Rocchi and French Jacques Salou. It took seven years to build 1936. The completed "League of Nations" building, the Palais des Nations, covers an area of 18600 square meters, and its plot ratio is even larger than that of the famous Versailles. After the founding of the United Nations, its Geneva office was located in the Palais des Nations. 1969 The United Nations decided to expand the Palais des Nations. Secretary-General Wu Dan laid the foundation stone for the new building, which was built on the north side of the Palais des Nations. In order to coordinate the new wing with the architectural style of the old building and the natural environment of Ariane Park, and meet the actual needs, the design committee composed of British, French and Italian architects carefully selected the design scheme and adopted modern building materials and technologies, which took five years to complete. 1973, UN Secretary General waldheim presided over the inauguration ceremony. The newly-built wing is novel in design and beautiful in shape, which is in harmony with the original Guolian Building. The newly-built wing is connected with the old building through an air corridor, that is, an "overpass". No matter from its lines, height or overall appearance, it matches the old buildings of the International Customs, which can be said to be a perfect match and complement each other. After the expansion, * * * has 50 doors with a total length of 575 meters and an area of 32,600 square meters. * * * It has 65,438 offices and 34 meeting rooms, with a total space capacity of 820,000 cubic meters and a building area of 32,000 square meters. The original Palais des Nations was double horseshoe-shaped, facing Lake Lemmon on the one hand and Mount Jura on the other. The horseshoe-shaped three-wing building structure facing the lake mainly includes: 1. The Left-wing Library was established by the League of Nations with US$ 2 million donated by American john rockefeller when building the Palais des Nations. At present, * * * owns1100,000 books and 10000 periodicals published in other countries, making it the largest international library in the world. There is a spacious reading room in the museum, as well as the League of Nations exhibition hall, which displays the historical documents, pictures and objects of the League of Nations. In addition, the library also collects private letters and various manuscripts exchanged between politicians from all over the world and the United Nations. These important documents are concentrated in a special exhibition room on the second floor. In fact, the reason why the Palais des Nations is located here is precisely because of this library. Originally, it was planned to build the Palais des Nations on a piece of land owned by the League of Nations. Now this land is a "rest park" by the lake. I didn't plan to build such a big library at first. Second, the right-wing Council building, the Council Hall is the most beautiful hall among world officials, also known as the Spanish Hall, because the large mural in the hall is the famous Spanish painter Yue Se? Maria? Celtic works. During the period of 1934 1936, Celt spent two years in his Paris studio to complete this group of immortal masterpieces. The picture is golden yellow and dark brown, and the theme of the painting is: justice, strength, peace, law and wisdom. The conference hall is not only the most beautiful hall in the world, but also an important hall. According to the unwritten rules of the United Nations, all meetings involving international security issues, or more urgent meetings, are held in the Council Chamber. 1954, the Indian zhina conference attended by Premier Zhou was held here. The conference hall can accommodate 500 people, and one of its features is that the position of the conference table can be adjusted according to the needs of each meeting. 3. The middle part is the General Assembly Hall. The big corridor in front of the Great Hall is actually a lounge, which is very spacious and tall. It was built by the League of Nations with materials donated by member countries. The light green marble on the wall is Swedish, the dark green marble is Italian, the scarlet floor marble is Finnish, and the black and white marble decoration on the floor is Belgian. There are two large murals hanging on the wall of the hall, which is one of the main designers of the Palais des Nations, Jacques? Kalou's wife painted it. The content is taken from stories in the Bible, one symbolizing war and the other symbolizing peace. The newly-built wing can be divided into two parts: one is a seven-story secretariat building located on the west side, which contains six small conference halls and 700 offices, and the translation sections in the six working languages of the United Nations (English, French, Chinese, Arabic, Spanish and Russian) are located there. Second, there are two huge cylindrical buildings on the east side, with two upper and lower conference halls, and four * * * in each column. There are more than 900 seats in the conference hall on the upper floor and more than 600 seats on the lower floor. One of the largest conference halls, called Swiss Hall, is to commend and commemorate the 4 million Swiss francs donated by the Swiss government for the construction of the new building. In the spacious corridor on the east side of the new building, there is a coffee room and many seats for delegates to take a nap. To the east is a huge glass wall, 80 meters long and 14 meters high. Each piece of glass is13m high, 2.25m wide and weighs1.2ton, with a total area of 9250m2. From the interior, you can see the beautiful scenery of Lake Lemmon, and the "House of Honor" also has a panoramic view. The Honor Courtyard is the big courtyard in front of the main building of the Palais des Nations and the main part of Ariane Park. The terrain here is open, the grassland is lush and the environment is beautiful. Several Gu Song trees over a hundred years old are still full of vitality. There is a small pool in the center of the yard, which is a fund-raising pool of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. There are often many coins dropped by tourists. In the center of the pool is a huge armillary sphere with a sculpture representing the zodiac, which was presented to the United Nations by the United States in memory of President Wilson. On the left side of the honor court, there is an inconspicuous sarcophagus surrounded by a circle of pines and cypresses. Is this Gustav, the former owner of Ariane Park? Le Viglio's mausoleum, which was designed by the deceased himself before his death. To the east of the mausoleum is a monument to conquer the universe and a statue presented by the Soviet Union. The monument is 28 meters high and inlaid with a thin plate made of titanium, which is an extremely high-temperature resistant material for the space shuttle. On the north side of the mausoleum, there is a sculpture called "Home", which was specially made by Mrs. Sandys, Churchill's granddaughter, for International Children's Day (1979) and presented to UNICEF. The headquarters of the United Nations Office at Geneva is located in the Palais des Nations, headed by an Under-Secretary-General and Director-General of the United Nations. According to statistics, there are currently 140 countries' permanent missions to the United Nations Office at Geneva, including 6/kloc-0 countries' permanent missions to disarmament and 8 countries and regional groups' permanent observers. The Palais des Nations has more than 3,000 staff members who provide various services for the conference. From 65438 hours to 0980 hours, more than 7500 meetings were held in the Palais des Nations, of which 4000 meetings had simultaneous interpretation. 30% of the annual budget of the United Nations is allocated to the United Nations Office at Geneva, which also has its own police, postal and communication systems. The famous United Nations Philatelic Museum is located in the Palais des Nations. It displays stamps and documents from the Second World War to the recent period all the year round. In the office, Swiss criminal law and civil law can only be implemented with the prior authorization of the Director General of the United Nations Office at Geneva. Within the city of Geneva, it has become a country within a country. Olympic Museum: The Olympic Museum, located on the Lemmon Lake in Lausanne, was built in 1993. Greek art columns are placed at the entrance of the museum, burning the Olympic fire. The exhibition hall covers an area of about 3,400 square meters and contains all kinds of Olympic-related artworks and souvenirs, including stamps, torches, Olympic posters, commemorative coins, medals and paintings. The cinema in the museum shows films introducing the centennial history of the Olympic Games and the grand occasion of previous Xia Dong Games, which are very popular among tourists. The museum also has a world-class research center, with a library, video department, picture room and information center, the most advanced audio, optical, electrical and multimedia audio-visual equipment, and often holds various exhibitions, reports and seminars. According to statistics, more than 60% of tourists come from abroad. The museum's annual budget is100000 Swiss francs. 1995, resulting in direct economic benefits of 1 100 million Swiss francs. Xiyong Castle: Xiyong Castle
Xiyong Castle is one of the most famous monuments in Switzerland. It is located at the eastern end of Lake Geneva, protruding from an island composed of huge stones on Lake Geneva. People lived there in the Bronze Age, and later the Romans camped here and built fortifications. Xiyong Peninsula changed hands several times. In the 3rd century, 1 1 was expanded by Safuyan, and basically formed a closed feudal castle with military defense, storage, prison, church, aristocratic court and other functions. Since 1536, the castle has been occupied by Berners. 1798 After the uprising in Vaud, the castle was transferred to the name of Vaud government. The location of the castle is just on the side of the mountain and the side of the water. It is a corridor leading to Italy from all over Switzerland in history. Rulers of past dynasties divided their troops to guard here, just like holding their throats, in order to control the north and south and collect taxes. With the help of well-preserved architectural drawings of12nd century, the last renovation work of19th century was carried out smoothly. International Religious Reform Monument: Behind the University of Geneva, there is a huge wall along the ruins of the ancient city wall, which is called the International Religious Reform Monument, also known as the wall of religious reformers. This monument is 7 meters high and 100 meters long. It was built in 1909 to commemorate the 400th birthday of Calvin, the pioneer of the Reformation. In order to build a monument, the International Monument Committee of the Reformation was established at that time, and design competitions were held all over the world. After repeated selection, the Committee finally selected the joint design scheme of four architects in Lausanne, Switzerland, which lasted for eight years and was completed on 19 17. Religious reform monument
The International Religious Reform Monument is large in scale and rich in records. Above the wall, from left to right, there is a line of Latin words: "Darkness used to be light". In the center of the wall, four tall statues stand side by side, from left to right, namely Fahail, Calvin, Bess and Knox. There are also six smaller statues on both sides, all of which are famous figures who actively advocated and devoted themselves to the European religious reform in the16th century. In addition to the large relief image, there are eight small relief patterns and text descriptions on the lower part of the wall. This international religious reform monument reproduces the scene of European religious reform in the16th century, and also describes the origin and the whole story of why Geneva became "Protestant Rome". Lake Lemmon: Xiyong Castle
Among the 1498 lakes in Switzerland, Lake Lemmon is the largest. It is also the largest lake in western Europe, with an area of 582 square kilometers and a storage capacity of 89 billion cubic meters. Among them, the length of the line is 72.3km, and the circumference is167km. The northern shore of Switzerland (commonly known as the right bank) is 95 kilometers long, and the southern shore of France (commonly known as the left bank) is 72 kilometers long. The widest part of the lake is 14000m and the deepest part is 3 10m. Lake Lemmon is a moraine lake. It is said that during the Quaternary Ice Age, the Rhone River, which originated in the Alps, was blocked by moraines in the Ek Lv Ze area, so it merged into a lake. At that time, the lake rose to a height of 425 meters. Later, the Rhone River had a new outlet, and the lake gradually declined. At present, Lake Lemmon is 372 meters above sea level. At present, there are 4 1 rivers and 299 glaciers flowing into Lake Lemmon, the largest of which is the Rhone River, which flows in at the rate of 180 cubic meters per second from the easternmost part of the lake and then flows out of the lake in Geneva. Since the Rhone River originates from the Alps, water flows out of the mountains, with rapid flow and a lot of sediment. It is estimated that it brings about 4 million tons of sediment into Lake Lemmon every year. So some people say that the Rhone River contributed to Lake Lemmon, but it is constantly filling it up. The most striking thing about Lemmon Lake is a huge artificial fountain. The high water column went straight into the sky from the lake, which was very spectacular. This artificial fountain was originally built in 189 1, and the spraying height was only 90 meters. Self-reconstruction 1958. Its power is two groups of pumps installed underwater, with a total weight of 16 tons, driven by a 500 kW 2400V engine, and the rotation speed is 1500 rpm. The power of each pump is 1360 horsepower, the flow rate of the fountain is 500 liters per second, the water speed at the nozzle reaches 200 kilometers per hour, the pressure of the water entering the spray pipe is 16 atmospheric pressure, the height of the water column can reach 140 meters when there is no wind, and the amount of water staying in the air reaches as much as 7 tons. Water is sprayed from the nozzle to reach the peak and then return to the water surface, each round 16 seconds. Lake Lemmon is beautiful. Since ancient times, many famous writers and poets have praised and praised it. Henry James called it a "strange blue lake"; Byron compared it to a crystal mirror, "which contains nutrients and air needed for meditation"; Balzac described it as "synonymous with love". Nowadays, the beautiful villas and mansions built between the green trees on both sides of the harbor add a little beauty to Lemmon Lake. Rhine Waterfall: Rhine Waterfall is located on the Rhine River at the junction of Schaffhausen and zurich state. The widest part of the waterfall is 150m, the maximum drop is 2 1m, and the water depth is 13m. The average flow in summer is 700 cubic meters per second. Rhine Waterfall is the largest waterfall in Europe. Rhine Falls has a history of more than 10,000 years. There were no waterfalls 20,000 years ago, but the current scene was formed due to glacial activity and the diversion of the Rhine River. Interlaken Town: Jungfrau Peak
INTEL'LAKEN (meaning "between lakes") belongs to bern state, about 50 kilometers away from Bern, between Lake Thun and Lake Brehon, with an altitude of only 5.6470 meters. It is one of the famous scenic spots in Switzerland. Surrounded by mountains and lush green grass, it is vast and open. The famous Jungfrau in Switzerland is covered with snow all year round and reflected in the green lake. The distant mountains are close to the water, and the lake is beautiful, just like in the painting. Interlaken has only 65,438+03,000 permanent residents, but every summer, tourists gather, restaurants are full and parking lots are very tight, so you must go there first to avoid detours. The busiest street in this city is called Hoch Street, where Victorian restaurants, restaurants and shops gather. Hoch Street, lined with trees, goes straight, with a total length of 1.5 km, which is also an ideal place for walking. There are horse-drawn carts on the street for tourists to ride, and it's really charming to sit in the car and watch the Jungfrau. Lake Thun: Lake Thun is in the west of Interlaken and Lake Brehon is in the east. Both lakes are long and narrow, slightly inclined to the north, and together they are like a crescent moon broken from the middle. Among them, Lake Thun has a large area, but the water is not deep. Tourists can visit the lake by boat, or by car or train. Exquisite villages or high-lying hills or standing by the water decorate the charm of nature. On the north bank of the lake, there is a road winding forward, sometimes passing through the foot of the mountain and sometimes extending to the lake. There are picturesque villages and quiet Woods on both sides. A medieval castle stands by the lake in Oberoifen village, which was renovated according to the style of that year. From the north shore, you can also see the Alps from the south through the sparkling lake waves, which is meaningless. Thun City, with the same name as the lake, is an ancient city with pleasant scenery, located at the northwest end of Thun Lake. /kloc-at the end of 0/2, there was a castle in the city, which was built by a family of Duke Zalingen after defeating the local nobles in Tus. The city of Thun is not far from the Aarhus River flowing from Lake Thun. Thirty or forty kilometers downstream of the river is Bern, the capital of Switzerland. The overall design of this city is very unique. The center of the old city is a narrow island in the river, which is a good place for walking. The north bank of Hebei is the main part of the city, and the most prosperous and interesting street is called Haotegasai (meaning "main road"). The street is divided into two floors, next to the shop; People walk on the upper floor with flowers, but their feet are actually stepping on the roofs of the lower shops. There is also a covered staircase on the street, leading to the castle and church on the slope. This staircase is hidden between houses 55 and 57 on the upper floor of the main road, which is very inconspicuous and easily missed by tourists. Thun Castle is a bunker complex. The main building is a square tower with a turret at each corner. The main tower has three floors and is used by the History Museum (built at 1888). The exhibits are ancient weapons, ancient tapestries, and the historical evolution of Swiss military uniforms and weapons. Shpits Scenic Area: Shpits Town is located more than 30 kilometers southeast of Bern, next to an inlet on the south bank of Thun Lake, with an altitude of 628 meters, belonging to Bern Plateau. Here, with clear water like a mirror, surrounded by snow peaks and fresh air, it is a famous resort for recuperation and water sports in Switzerland. Shpits Castle was built in1200; The exterior architectural style is medieval Berne style, and the interior decoration is a combination of Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque art forms. It is simple and elegant, and it is one of the few monuments in Switzerland. This castle used to be the summer palace of the consul of Bern, so it is different from other ancient cities in Europe. It has no facilities to protect the city from the enemy, mainly for living. The underground of the castle also replaced the prison where prisoners were held with wine cellars. At the southern end of the courtyard is a small church built in 762 AD, which has the pastoral style of early Rome and Bern. The castle has been owned by the public since 1929, managed by a special foundation and open to the public. The exhibits in the museum are the relics and ancient furniture of the former owner of the castle. Classical concerts are held here every summer, attracting guests from all over the world. Shpits is not only the base of yacht lovers, but also the only way to some resorts in the south. The road extends all the way to the northern foot of the Alps, but there are quiet streams and valleys, small mountain villages and wooden houses decorated with clusters of flowers. There is a winding path from Shpits to Gershtad in the southwest corner of bern state. It is the intersection of four valleys, so it is also an ideal skiing center. Zurich Stock Exchange: Zurich Stock Exchange was founded in 1873, and gradually developed into one of the largest securities markets in the world after World War II. 1976, the exchange turnover exceeded 1000 billion Swiss francs for the first time. By 199 1 year, the turnover of the exchange has reached more than 500 billion Swiss francs, and there are 3000 kinds of listed securities. Twenty-four Swiss and foreign banks are members of the Zurich Stock Exchange Association. In addition, there are 234 brokers (banks) in Switzerland engaged in securities trading activities outside the exchange. Zurich Stock Exchange is an integral part of Swiss national economic system and banking, and it operates under the supervision of zurich state government. The transaction needs to be approved by the state government and is restricted and regulated by a series of laws and regulations. Zurich Stock Exchange is also the largest stock exchange in Switzerland, and its business volume accounts for 65% of the total stock exchange in China. About 40,000 people go in and out of the exchange every year, and buyers and sellers can also conduct transactions through telephone or TV screens. This exchange is the only one in the world with a fully automatic trading and clearing system. Its advanced equipment and high-quality talents provide investors with quality services. Under the leadership of the Exchange Committee of the zurich state Municipal Government, the Exchange has an Exchange Leading Committee, an Arbitration Tribunal, a Training Committee and other organizations, which are composed of relevant personnel from major Swiss banks and enterprises. Transaction owner 16 administrative staff, with one manager, two deputy managers and one assistant manager in charge of daily management.
Edit this paragraph history
Switzerland was finally formed in 1848. Before that, the real "Swiss history" did not exist. Accurately speaking, only the history of independent regions gradually formed today's Switzerland. The territory of prehistoric Switzerland was an active area of prehistoric Celts. Celts used to be aborigines in Central Europe. Their tribe expanded to France, Belgium, northern Italy, Spain and the Rhine River valley in the 2nd century BC, and successfully captured Rome in its heyday. Living in present-day Switzerland is the Celtic tribe of Hervey. During the Roman Empire, the Germans distributed in northern Europe around A.D. continued to expand into Celtic settlements. In 70 BC, the Hervey tribe, feeling the pressure of the Germans, decided to retreat westward to the Atlantic coast southwest of Gaul, thus learning from the Roman Empire ruled by Caesar. Considering the potential threat of the Germans to the Roman Empire, Caesar decided to establish the Hervey State under Roman control in Switzerland. The Roman army not only failed to agree to the Celtics' traffic requirements, but attacked them, forcing them to become allies of the Roman Empire. The Celtics supported by the Roman Empire defeated the invading Germans. After Caesar's death, his successor Augustus merged the Hervey tribe into the imperial provinces. Today, Swiss territory was formally incorporated into the Roman Empire, and the local Celts began the Romanization era. During the Roman-Swiss period, a Roman-style administrative system was established, a series of cities appeared, and the Imperial Avenue leading to Rome was built. The Romans also introduced crops along the Mediterranean coast and the Apennine lifestyle to Switzerland, and then Christianity was introduced. 100-250 was the golden age of Rome and Switzerland, which ended with the invasion of the empire by the Germans. In 259, when the Germans invaded, a Germanic tribal alliance crossed the Rhine and conquered the northern border of the Swiss Empire. From then on, Rome and Switzerland entered the era of war, until the imperial army retreated from the northern Alps in 40 1 year. From then on, Switzerland began the era of Germanic rule. Switzerland ruled by Germans can be roughly divided into two parts. The west is ruled by Burgundy tribes, with a small population and backward culture. After occupying Switzerland, they accepted the local Roman-Celtic language and cultural traditions. The central and eastern regions were ruled by the aleman-Ne Tribal Alliance, which occupied Swiss mountainous areas and less romanized areas, where Germanic languages won. This kind of east-west division is also the embryonic form of French-speaking and German-speaking areas in Switzerland. Under Germanic rule, Switzerland produced many small kingdoms, which conquered each other and finally became the same as the Frankish kingdom in 536. In 843, according to treaty of verdun, who carved up the Frankish Kingdom of Charlemagne, Switzerland split again, belonging to the Frankish Kingdom and the Frankish Kingdom of China. 1033, divided Switzerland was once again under the same holy Roman empire. Due to the power struggle between the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire and the Pope, the German monarchy declined and local governors rose. In order to expand their power, various rulers established a large number of cities. In today's Switzerland, the Zelingen family has promoted the establishment of many cities and formed a unique urban autonomy system in Switzerland. It laid the foundation for the establishment of the Swiss Federation in the future.