In the long history of ancient literature, we are not short of masters with spiritual originality. Confucius and Mencius, Laozi and Zhuangzi, Qu Yuan, Sima Qian, Li Bai, Du Fu and Cao Xueqin ... their names are enough to shine with the sun and the moon and shine through the ages. However, in the present education, people who are the source of national spirit are getting farther and farther away from us, and few people care about them except scholars and professors of the scholastic. Real masters don't just come to "feast big guests", traditional culture needs to be popularized and "civilian". This is especially necessary for the generation with mental calcium deficiency. The new curriculum standards provide theoretical support for promoting traditional culture in a timely manner. The new curriculum standard stipulates that high school elective courses must occupy a considerable proportion. This rule enables us to get out of the shadow of the college entrance examination temporarily, walk into the masters calmly and read the classics.

So, what elective courses should be offered in high school? Among the voluminous ancient books, which works are the most valuable and worth reading? This is a matter of opinion, and there is no need to draw a conclusion. However, it is not difficult to find that when the short and pithy Analects of Confucius, implicit and meaningful Tang and Song poems, and encyclopedic Dream of Red Mansions become the first choice for students and teachers, Historical Records, which is praised as "a masterpiece of historians, has no rhyme in Li Sao", is often abandoned in the corner of thought. Under the new educational background, the problems of whether to read, what to read and how to read Historical Records have to be put on the agenda.

Maybe we should re-examine the works of this book more than two thousand years ago from another angle.

Historical Records is a collection of cultural achievements of the pre-Qin and early Han dynasties, which can be found in pre-Qin classics such as Shangshu, Guoyu, Chunqiu, Zuozhuan, Guoce, Analects of Confucius, Mencius, Zhuangzi and Xunzi. For example, The Analects of Confucius, with 10,000 words, was almost quoted by Sima Qian. In this sense, Historical Records is a library in the pre-Qin period, which recorded in detail the achievements in politics, economy, military affairs, law, medicine, astronomy and other aspects at that time. Compared with pre-Qin works, it has many advantages in form. First of all, the conciseness of language. Sima Qian combined the written language of Han Dynasty with vivid spoken language, creating a new language style, which is fresh, simple, more simple and colloquial, and easier to be understood and accepted by today's high school students. Second, the bizarre plot. Yuan Mei, a man of A Qing Dynasty, said: "Historical narration is full of inaccurate knowledge, but he is greedy for what he has heard and new things to help his own articles. His word order makes people understand its meaning, and readers of history must know this." Sima Qian, who was "curious" by nature, remembered the absurdity when describing history. "Five Families" records that Liu Rong, the king of Linjiang, was murdered by his father, and later "(Liu Rong) was buried in Lantian, with tens of thousands of Yan on his grave". There are many such romantic brushstrokes in Historical Records, and stories such as the siege of the earth and orphan Zhao are all wonderful and are passed down as beautiful talks. Among the twenty-four histories, Historical Records is the most literary one, more like a collection of historical stories and novels, with vivid twists and turns, which coincides with students' aesthetic interests. Finally, the style is relatively independent. The 130 articles in Historical Records are a unified whole, with biography, biography, biography, and biography. The five bodies are longitude and latitude each other and run through the book. But at the same time, each article is relatively independent, with distinct characters and complete stories. It is like a tortuous story, and it is also like an intriguing and exquisite poem. Readers can choose any one of them, and they are free to read without being restricted by the context. This is undoubtedly one of the best forms for middle school students who do not have enough reading time. In addition, the tragic and lyrical characteristics of Historical Records also conform to the thinking characteristics of students in high school, which is easy to cause students to sing bad. Even if we can't refuse the excellent classics such as The Book of Songs, The Analects of Confucius, Mencius and A Dream of Red Mansions. They are also carriers of China's culture and spirit. However, today, we are obsessed with historical records, but we can't do without the laws of students' physical and mental development, the current reading situation and our educational philosophy.

Of course, not every historical record of 130 is suitable for senior high school students. There are two kinds of reading, one is unprofitable, in order to please yourself and cultivate your temperament; The other is reading with research, which experts and scholars consider. We set up elective courses and read historical records, not only to acquire some knowledge, but also to remember several complicated historical events and figures, but to appreciate the experiences and draw a kind of spiritual nourishment from them. When children face difficulties in the future, they can gain strength from Sima Qian who bears humiliation. This is the ultimate goal of our education. Let students know these spiritual masters from an early age, communicate with them, and master a way of being a man, learning and seeing the world. This will benefit them for life. According to this idea, the books and tables in the martial arts topics can be put aside for the time being, and other 1 12 biographies can be selected at will, savored slowly, or read the stories of historical figures that interest you. In short, it is not limited to one model and varies from person to person.

Next is how to read, that is, how to teach. Looking back on our previous classical Chinese teaching, word for word, literary works are divided into content words, function words and a series of special sentence patterns. Such a wonderful chapter, such as The Hongmen Banquet, has lost its soul and is far from the essence of reading. Literature is a anthropology, and the purpose of literature education is to improve students' quality of life and understanding of life, which can also be said to be the purpose of offering the elective course Historical Records. Specifically, the first is to know life. A Historical Records records more than 4,000 characters, including 100 characters, ranging from emperors and princes, royalty to businessmen, civilians, women and advocating Excellence. A person is a book, and we can read a lot from these typical characters with distinct personalities. The virtuous deeds of Boyi and Shu Qi, the martyrdom of Qu Yuan, the hard struggle of Gou Jian, the cruel Lv Hou, the cunning Liu Bang, the flattering uncle and Gong ... among them, the goodness, evil, beauty and ugliness of human nature are all things worth pondering, which teach us how to be a man and how to be a man. Second, understand the society. Taking history as a mirror, we can know the rise and fall. Today, we cherish the memory of history, and more importantly, we establish our own values from it, such as "no doubt, no doubt, distinguish between right and wrong, hesitate, distinguish between good and evil, and be virtuous and unworthy". The way to rule the world is that the Yellow Emperor Tang Wu is so prosperous, and Jie II collapses; The tragic death of Qin Shihuang in abalone ... History is always strikingly similar. Historical Records not only shows us the historical stage of more than 3,000 years from the Yellow Emperor to the Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty, but also provides us with a small window to understand today's society, which still inspires us to govern people and the country today. Third, master some methods of reading and learning. The completion of Historical Records is the product of the times, and it is also inseparable from Sima Qian's personal efforts. At the age of ten, Sima Qian was able to read classical Chinese classics such as Zuo Zhuan, Guoyu and Shi Ben, and was later educated by Dong Zhongshu, a master of modern literature school, and Kong Anguo, a master of ancient Chinese literature school. Through various studies, Sima Qian mastered rich historical and humanistic knowledge and became a great scholar. After the age of 20, Sima Qian left his hometown and traveled around the world. For more than ten years, he has traveled all over the country. This is not a simple visit, but an academic field work aimed at visiting historical and cultural sites and collecting historical materials. Everywhere he went, he inquired about the local people carefully and conducted on-the-spot investigation to ensure the authenticity of his works. "Reading thousands of books and Walking Wan Li Road" is a true portrayal of Sima Qian's scholarship, which is particularly important for senior high school students now.

The study of these three points can not be exhausted by a few real words and function words, nor can it be done by a few texts and several elective courses. Understanding life, reading classics and pursuing the spirit of freedom are lifelong things. "All history is modern history", and Sima Qian became a family motto in order to let future generations take warning, distinguish good from evil, and distinguish right from wrong. Similarly, we read history today, not for exams, not to decorate our facade, but to learn spiritual nourishment from the masters and get eternal things about how to live and die.

Of course, the key to teaching is to have such an idea in your mind. The following teaching methods are just some ideas.

Mencius said, "I wonder if I can praise his poems and read his books." It is based on its world. (Mencius Zhang Wan) Understanding Sima Qian's life and social environment should be the first step for students to enter Historical Records. However, there are too many dazzling auras hanging over Sima Qian's head, and titles such as "world cultural celebrity" and "great historian, writer and thinker" can only make people feel awe and stay away from him. How to restore Sima Qian to an ordinary person with flesh and blood is the direction of our efforts. Knowing people and discussing the world is only the initial stage of reading classics. In addition, we can start with the fields that students are most interested in and read historical books in the form of special topics, such as Sima Qian and tourism. Set up special topics every week to guide students to explore and complete through libraries, networks and other channels. Or invite experts and scholars of historical records to give lectures and exchanges in the form of lectures and discussions. In short, we should make full use of various resources to stimulate students' thirst for knowledge and arouse their active exploration of knowledge. Based on the preliminary reading of Historical Records, this paper interprets Historical Records from the perspectives of linguistics, literature and philosophy, from perceptual to rational, from the outside to the inside, between the lines, captures the level of its spiritual core, and explores Sima Qian's outlook on life, history and literature. Historical Records is Sima Qian's "heartfelt writing" (the outline of China literature history), and it is the eruption of the author's emotion. We should interpret such works with emotion. Elective courses are to provide students with such a platform and give them an opportunity to exchange and talk. Multiple dialogues between classmates, students and teachers, readers and authors, and works, and multiple collisions and exchanges of ideas. The role of teachers is not only to impart knowledge, but more importantly, to shape the soul and develop students' spiritual home in interactive communication. Such an elective course of Historical Records is full of interest and vitality.

Spange, a famous German cultural educator, once said: "The ultimate goal of education is not to teach what we have, but to induce people's creativity and' awaken' people's sense of life and value." The elective course of Historical Records is also to open students' minds, awaken students' deep feelings, and teach students to learn to learn and learn to survive. Of course, classic reading can't be finished in one or two semesters. It's a lifelong project. Although the above ideas are only a temporary imagination, I firmly believe that everything depends on human effort, and new educational practices are needed for new curriculum standards, new courses and new languages.