(2) the king of encyclopedia reference books. It is a complete reference book summarizing all kinds of human knowledge or a certain kind of knowledge, and it is a collection of knowledge. It is the product of collecting, concentrating and organizing existing human knowledge. Encyclopedias are generally arranged in alphabetical order according to the items (entries) and have corresponding indexes, which are convenient for quick search.
(3) Yearbook is a reference book that collects major events, new progress, new knowledge and new materials in a certain range according to the annual system for readers to consult. It is published continuously every year, and the content received is generally limited to that year. It can be used to check the events, progress, achievements, activities, meetings, people, institutions, statistical data, important documents or documents in a specific field in that year.
(4) Manual Directory Manual is a collection of documents, materials, information and related professional knowledge that need to be consulted frequently. A catalogue is a reference book that provides concise information about proper names (names of people, places, institutions, etc.). ).
(5) Dictionary (dictionary) Dictionary is the most commonly used reference book. It is divided into linguistic dictionaries (dictionaries) and knowledge dictionaries.
(6), table spectrum, table spectrum, reference books written in the form of charts and genealogies are mostly arranged in chronological order. It is mainly used to check time, historical events and people's information. Catalogue, including maps and catalogues.
(7), books, political books. (1)SCI is the abbreviation of American Science Citation Index. Its full name is: scientific citation index, which was founded in 196 1. It is based on the citation thought put forward by modern information scientist eugene garfield) 1953. Today Garfield is still one of the editors of SCI. SCI is published by ISI (institute for scientific information) and institute for scientific information, USA. It's bimonthly. In addition to publishing SCI, ISI also has an online database SCISEARCH. ISTP (science and technology index; Technical Proceeding) is also published by it. SCI is an international index, including natural science, biology, medicine, agriculture, technology and behavioral science. , mainly based on basic science. The selected publications come from 94 categories, more than 40 countries and more than 50 languages. These countries mainly include the United States, Britain, the Netherlands, Germany, Russia, France, Japan, Canada and so on. , including a certain number of China publications.
(2)EI, founded in 1884, is a famous comprehensive retrieval tool for engineering technology published by engineering information company, and the collected literature covers almost all fields of engineering technology. For example: electric power, electrician, electronics, automatic control, mining and metallurgy, metal technology, machinery manufacturing, civil engineering, water conservancy and so on.
(3) ISTP was founded in 1978 and edited and published by institute for scientific information. The index includes conference documents of life science, physical and chemical science, agriculture, biology and environmental science, engineering technology and applied science, including general conferences, symposiums, research conferences, seminars and conferences. Among them, the literature of engineering technology and applied science accounts for about 35%, and other related disciplines are basically the same as SCI.
(4) China HowNet is the concept of National Knowledge Infrastructure (NKI), which was put forward by the World Bank in 1998. CNKI project is an information construction project aimed at realizing the dissemination, enjoyment and value-added utilization of knowledge resources in the whole society. Initiated by Tsinghua University and Tsinghua Tongfang, it was established in June 1999.
(5)VIP.com was established in 2000, and the China Sci-tech Periodical Database, which it relies on, is the largest digital periodical database in China.
I won't list the others one by one. In the era of electronic resources, people have been able to easily retrieve documents from various databases. In order to retrieve the required literature, researchers have to log in to different databases for retrieval, which is cumbersome. Therefore, the literature retrieval software came into being. At present, many literature management software at home and abroad provide retrieval function. The more integrated databases, the more convenient it is to use. NoteExpress reference management software supports hundreds of global library stacks and electronic databases, such as Wanfang, VIP, Journal Network, Elsevier ScienceDirect, ACS, OCLC and the Library of Congress. Search once and save forever.
classify
1. According to the retrieval results, it is divided into the following three types:
(1) Data retrieval: retrieval based on data in literature. For example, find the resistance of a certain material and the melting point of a certain metal;
(2) fact retrieval: according to the facts in the literature, retrieve the time, place or process of an event; For example, find out that Lu Xun was born in a certain year;
(3) Literature retrieval: retrieval with the original literature as the retrieval object.
2. According to the means of literature retrieval, it can be divided into the following two types:
(1) manual retrieval;
(2) Computer retrieval.
The Development of Literature Retrieval Education in China
The first stage is the bibliography education stage before 1949.
China has paid more attention to the education of bibliography since ancient times. By the time of Ganjia in Qing Dynasty, bibliography had once become a "prominent study" (a famous theory and school) and a required subject for scholars. In modern times, under the enthusiastic advocacy of educators and cultural scholars, user education with bibliography and reference books as the main content has spread in university forums. During this period, the user education of library science and information science is in its infancy, and the education of library utilization has just appeared, but it has not persisted due to institutional reasons. For example, Southeast University 1920 held several summer schools for libraries and also conducted reader training. However, after 1930, it failed to continue due to changes in internal and external conditions and personnel.
The second stage is the initial stage of 1949- 1966.
After 1949, China's higher education has entered a new historical period, university libraries have also embarked on a new stage of development, and library user education has also embarked on a starting stage. Great changes have taken place in the educational concept, objectives, methods, ideological forms and contents of user education in university libraries. Nanjing Normal University held reading seminars and organized reading exchange activities, and offered courses such as Bibliography, How to Use Chinese Reference Books and How to Use Chinese Reference Books for students. From the mid-1950s to 1965, Nanjing Institute of Technology and others taught college students such courses as "How to find scientific and technological documents" and "Retrieval of four major American reports". There are also some schools that offer courses for students to use professional literary works.
The third stage is the growth period of 1976- 1983.
1966- 1976 user education is stagnant or paralyzed.
198 1 In July and August, People's Daily published an article that Liu Yifu and Pan Shuguang suggested setting up a literature retrieval course in colleges and universities. 1983 the secretariat of the national university library working Committee organized three training courses for teachers of literature retrieval courses in science, engineering, medicine and agriculture, and held the national university literature retrieval and utilization in June of 10.
A certain number of schools in China have offered literature retrieval courses.
The fourth stage entered a new development period after 1984.
(1) The state attaches importance to the document No.004 issued by the Ministry of Education 1984 "Opinions on Offering Literature Retrieval and Utilization Courses in Colleges and Universities". 1985 issued several opinions on improving and developing the teaching of literature retrieval course in September, and put forward the teaching guiding ideology of "realizing continuing education step by step at different levels". The publication of these two documents has become an important guarantee for the prosperity of user education and laid the foundation for the teaching of literature retrieval course. 1May, 1992, the former State Education Commission issued the Basic Requirements for the Teaching of Document Retrieval Course again, which made detailed and comprehensive provisions on the course nature and teaching purpose requirements of the document retrieval course, making the document retrieval course more standardized and systematic in form and content. 1996 set up the teaching guidance group of the national literature retrieval course.
(2) Enriching teaching methods In the retrieval course education, multimedia technology is applied to compile computer-aided teaching courseware, or demonstration teaching is conducted in electronic reading rooms or multimedia classrooms, or the teaching content is made into interactive learning courses and published on the Internet for users to learn independently.
(3) The teaching area has been expanded, and the number of teachers has grown to 1990. In the mid-1990s, more than 700 colleges and universities offered the course of "Literature Retrieval". More than 2,000 teachers have been established and more than 600 kinds of teaching materials have been published. After nearly 20 years of practice and exploration, it has gradually developed into a course with certain theoretical depth and knowledge breadth.
④ The State Bureau of Technical Supervision issued the national standard discipline classification code 1992 1 1 in June, which classified document retrieval as a category and became an independent third-level discipline. The training requirements of the Catalogue and Introduction of Undergraduate Majors in Colleges and Universities promulgated by the Ministry of Education 1988 clearly stipulate that 2 18 majors in the catalogue must "master the basic methods of literature retrieval and information inquiry" or "master the basic methods of literature retrieval and obtaining relevant information by using modern information technology".