1542, the Spanish royal family established the Governor's Office in Lima and the Peruvian Governor's District, which became the center of Spanish colonial rule in South America. At that time, Peru's commerce was developed, businessmen manipulated most of South America's import and export trade, and precious metals and other materials plundered by the Spanish from South America were transported out of Peru. Colonists occupied land in Peru, forced the Tami system, and forced Indians to engage in slave labor in mines, resulting in the death of a large number of Indians. In order to oppose Spanish colonial rule, Indians held many uprisings, among which the larger ones were Manco Uprising in 1535, Juan Santos Uprising in 1742 and Tupac Amaru Uprising in 1780+078 1 year.
On July 28th, 182 1 declared its independence and established the Republic of Peru.
Between 195 1-1966, several editions of banknotes were issued, with face values of 5, 10, 100 and 500 soles respectively, with the same pattern, different versions and different colors.
10 sol (version 1966)
Front: Statue of Liberty with spear and shield.
Back: national emblem, denomination, decorative printing: ABNC
1968 issued a new version of banknotes with face values of 5, 10, 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 sol respectively. It was reprinted continuously between 1969- 1977. Here are some low-value banknotes in this set of coins, and high-value banknotes are hard to see in the market.
5 Sol
Front: PaCeacu Tikpa Ceacu Teke 1438- 147 1, the ninth king of the Inca Empire. He built the world-famous Machu Picchu. The pattern on the left is daily pottery unearthed from the Inca dynasty. In the middle is the national emblem pattern.
Behind: SACSAHUAMAN, the Inca cultural site, was a huge monument built by the Inca Empire at that time. At the Huaman Fortress in Saksa, near Cuzco, huge polygonal stones are spliced together with extremely precise dimensions to form a building.
Inca civilization,11-65438+a dynasty established by indigenous Indians in the 6th century. At the peak of the empire, the territory once covered the whole western South America. Include Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia, Chile and Argentina. It is one of the three great American civilizations. Potatoes and corn originated from Inca civilization still benefit modern people today. The ancient capital is Cusco, known as the cradle of Inca civilization.
Brief introduction of national emblem
The central pattern of Peru's national emblem is the coat of arms. On the upper left of the shield is a South American alpaca, which is the national treasure of the country, representing the country's animal resources and one of the symbols of the Peruvian nation. On the upper right is a cinchona tree, representing the country's plant resources; The lower part is the horn symbolizing abundance, representing the country's natural resources and mineral deposits. The upper end of the coat of arms is a green branch ring; There are two Peruvian flags on each side.
10 sol
The front design is Inka Garcilaso Dehlavi (Spanish: Inca garcilaso de la vega; ; 1539 April12-1665438+April 23, 2006) A mixed-race writer with Spanish and Inca ancestry. The first great poet of Spanish "New Style Poetry". Descendants of Mendoza and guzman. Garcilaso de la vega was born in Toledo on 1503. He received an aristocratic education and was familiar with Greek, Latin, Italian and French. 1520 used to be the court bodyguard of Charles V. 1523 was knighted in San Diego. Participated in the exploration to Italy, Austria, Tunisia and other places. 1530 went to France with the Queen and traveled to Paris and other places. Later, he fell out of favor because of the marriage problem against the will of the court and was exiled to an island in Europe.
Lake Titicaca with a pattern on the back is the highest and largest freshwater lake in South America and one of the highest freshwater lakes in the world. Located at the junction of Bolivia and Peru, the Coyo Plateau is known as the "Pearl of the Plateau". It covers an area of 8,330 square kilometers, the elevation of the lake is 3812m, the average water depth is100m, and the deepest point can reach 256m. Two fifths of them are in Peru. The lake is surrounded by mountains, with beautiful scenery and winding shores, forming many peninsulas and harbors. There are 45 rivers flowing into the lake in Peru, and only the Desaguadero River in the southeast corner is the outlet of the lake. Lake Titicaca is one of the cradles of Indian culture in South America. Indians call it the holy lake. The Aymara people believe that the gods who created the sun and the stars in the sky that they worshipped for generations also came from the bottom of the lake. There are abundant natural resources in the lake and along the coast. Since ancient times, Indians have woven cattails into boats or rafts and fished in lakes. There are dozens of "floating islands" inhabited by Uro Indians in the lake. They are artificial islands piled with cattails on the lake, and the residents of the island make a living by fishing. Indians around the lake have been planting corn, potatoes and other crops with bird droppings since ancient times. They have reached a high level in sculpture, architecture, metallurgy and pottery making.
50 sol
Front: Tupac Amaru II Tupac Amaru II1740-1781. Born into an Indian family in Surimana village, Tinta province, Peru, his father is the chief of three villages near his hometown. After his father died, his brother Clement succeeded him as chief. Tupac Amaru II is a pioneer of Latin American national liberation movement and a leader of Peruvian Indians' uprising against Spanish colonial rule. In his early days, he had illusions about Spanish colonists. Later, influenced by the American independence movement, he led the Indians to rise up against Spanish colonial rule and had many followers. Later, he was arrested for being a traitor and dismembered by Spanish colonists. In the past two centuries, the name and achievements of Tupac Amaru II have been handed down from generation to generation among the Indians in Peru and Latin America, and all women and children know it. He launched the1780165438+1October 4th Uprising, which seriously shook the Spanish colonial rule in Peru and started the Latin American War of Independence.
The pattern on the left shows two workers forging steel tools by hand.
Back: A church landscape in Tinta, a famous historical and cultural town in Peru.
During the period of 1976- 1987, in order to cope with domestic inflation, new versions of large denomination banknotes were issued, namely 1000, 50000, 50000 and10000 sol.
1986 carried out currency reform, abolished the monetary unit Sol de Oro and replaced it with Intes, 1 Thiel 100 Sol, and issued new currencies with face values of 10, 50, 100 and 50 respectively.
10 tell
On the front are Peruvian writers ricardo palma and ricardo palma ricardo palma (1833- 19 19), Peruvian romantic writers and scholars. I have spent my whole life in turbulent times and have not received a systematic and formal education. He worked as a court clerk, accountant and librarian. 1860 went into exile in Chile for participating in political struggles. 1863 returned to Lima to participate in the revolutionary movement against Spain. . 1868 works in the government of Baltar. 1872 resigned from the government and concentrated on his work. 1884 was appointed to rebuild the national library destroyed by the Chilean army and served as the director of the national library until he retired in 19 12. It took 50 years to write a seven-volume masterpiece, The Legend of Peru.
On the back are photos of farming and harvesting in Peru.
50 blue-green
On the positive side, President Nicolas Pierola of Peru (1839- 19 13) participated in the South American Pacific War of 1879.
On the back is the oilfield production scene.
100 tyre
The front design is Ramon Castilla (Ramón Castilla,1797 August 31-1867 May 25), whose full name is Ramon Castilla Makasa Sado. Peruvian soldier, state activist and president of Peru for four times. He is the most famous military leader and national liberator in Peruvian history. He commanded the army and made Peru an independent country. After Domingo Nieto's death, he became president briefly (1844), then at 1845 to 185 1, 1855 to 1862 and again at/kloc.
On the back is the scene of female workers working in Peruvian textile mills.
500 blue-green
Tupac Amaru II, an Indian revolutionary in Peru, 1740- 178 1. The traitor tipped them off. After the failed uprising, he was dismembered by four Spanish rulers.
On the back is Vascalan Mountain, the highest mountain in Peru, which is the highest peak in the Andes in central and western Peru, with an altitude of 6,768 meters. The top of the mountain is covered with snow all year round. Mountaineering and tourism are developed here. The picture shows a mountaineer climbing a mountain. Peru's terrain is the Andes, accounting for one-third of the national face value. The whole country is divided into three regions from west to east. The coastal areas in the west are long and narrow arid areas and tropical desert areas, with dry and mild climate and intermittent plains. Irrigation agriculture is developed and urban population is concentrated. The plateau area in the central mountainous area is mainly in the middle of the Andes, with an average elevation of 4300 meters, which is the birthplace of the Amazon River. East is amazon rain forest, which belongs to the upper reaches of Amazon. It is hilly and alluvial plain. The forest with high temperature and rain all the year round is vast and sparsely populated. It is a newly developed oil-producing area in Peru.
1000 tel
The positive figure is M caceres (he is an important figure in Peruvian history, and an anti-government armed force is named after him).
The pattern on the back is the Changchang site and unearthed cultural relics in Peru.
Changchang Ancient City is the capital of Chimu Kingdom in ancient Indian civilization in South America. It is located in the north of Peru and has existed for about 500 years since 1 1 century. Decline after being conquered by the Inca Empire. Changchang ancient city is the largest clay complex in America. The most distinctive feature is its historical buildings and decorative relief patterns on buildings. These or continuous symbolic patterns are mostly based on natural or local animals, with simple shapes but quite unique images. The city walls and houses are made of mud, gravel and shell powder, which are very strong. The walls of many houses in the city are decorated with murals, and the themes are mostly taken from trees, birds, animals, insects and fish that are common in life. Many walls are also decorated with reliefs about fishing.
Akagi culture existed in the period of115th century, and distributed in a vast area of northern Peru, with developed agricultural production and huge irrigation network. Changchang ancient city is the largest mud building in the United States and the largest ancient city site in the world. "Changchang" means "the sun" in Akagi.
/kloc-in the 6th century, Spanish colonial rulers occupied this place, plundered and destroyed the city, and the once prosperous ancient city of Changchang became the desert and ruins we see today.
5000 blue-green
The front design is Colonel Francisco Bolognasi, a modern national hero. 18 16 was born in Ilima, studied at the seminary of San Jerome University in Arequipa, and then joined the Peruvian army. In the Pacific War, he died in the battle of Aarika in Chile to defend Peru. In the center of Lima Square, there are 1925 statues erected for him. Lima also built a Bologna Square named after him at 1928.
On the back are miners digging in underground mines.
5000 blue-green
The front design is Peruvian Admiral Miguel Grau, who fought alone with the Chilean navy for half a year in the Pacific War and finally died in Chile. He is the greatest national hero in the eyes of the Peruvian people. In 2000, he was named "Millennium Peruvian".
The pattern on the back shows three fishermen sorting their nets on a fishing boat, ready to catch fish.
10000 tel
Positive: cesar Vallejo, a Peruvian poet (1892 ~ 1938), a modern Peruvian poet, was born in the Andes to Indian parents. He was poor and radical all his life. He is the most important poet in Peru and one of the greatest pioneers of modern Latin American poetry. His poems are wild and primitive, gentle and beautiful; It is both sincere and tangible, and has a strong surrealist color. Many years later, more and more people think that Vallejo is a greater Spanish poet than Nie Luda.
Back: The birthplace of Vallejo-the street view of Santiago de Chuco in the mountainous area of northern Peru.
50,000 cyan
The front design is Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre Victor Raul Haya de la Torre (1895- 1979), a Peruvian political leader and former president of Peru. Born in the northern Peruvian city of trujillo. 19 13 was admitted to trujillo national university to study literature. I met the Peruvian poet Cé sar cesar Vallejo in college. After that, he studied at San Marcos National University in Ilima. Ideological progress, dissatisfaction with current affairs, commitment to reform, the establishment of Prada Renmin University organization, laid the foundation for the later formation of the People's Party. 1923, he was exiled by the government of Augusto Bernardino Leguí a Salcedo for making inappropriate remarks to the government, and on may 7, 1924, 1924, the American people's revolutionary league was established in Mexico city. 193 1 year, he returned to Peru to run for president. In the same year, he was sentenced to 15 months, and his party was forcibly dissolved. 1945, he elected Bustamante y Rivero as the presidential candidate and won the election. However, in 1948+00, a party member failed to instigate a naval uprising in callao, and the People's Party was dissolved again and went underground again. In June of the same year 165438+ 10, after the coup in Manuel Arturo Odrí a Amoretti, he sought asylum in the Colombian embassy in Lima, then went into exile in Colombia until June 1954. His party regained its legal status only at 1956. 1962 announced his candidacy for the presidency and won a slight victory. But the military government held another election in 1963, and he lost. 1979 On his deathbed, he attended the Constitutional Convention and signed the new constitution of Peru.
Behind it is the parliamentary meeting room.