From 65438 to 0967, the British book industry established an international book numbering scheme, which was first tried out in China.
1972, the international organization for standardization (ISO) formally formulated this book numbering scheme as an international standard, namely ISO 2108-International Standard Book Number (ISBN). The National Library of Berlin, Germany has established an international ISBN organization, which is the management organization for implementing this standard. Its main responsibility is to examine and manage the application of countries or regions to join the ISBN system, and manage the countries or regions that join the ISBN system by setting the assigned group identification number.
Countries or regions that join the ISBN system are called group centers, which manage publishers through the setting and distribution of publisher numbers.
Functions of International Standard Book Number
ISBN is an international publication symbol. For the publishing industry, it not only contributes to the management of book publishing, distribution, statistics and inventory control, but also facilitates the international exchange of publications. For data units such as libraries, ISBN can simplify procurement, collection, cataloging, circulation and interlibrary loan.
Publishers, booksellers, distributors and libraries all over the world can quickly and effectively identify the version and different binding forms of a book from ISBN. No matter what language the original book is written in, they can use ISBN to order by phone, fax or online, and handle it by computer, which saves manpower time and improves work efficiency and accuracy.
Brief introduction of international standard book number
The International Standard Book Number (ISBN) aims to make each publication have a unique and simple identification number, which is convenient for effective management by computer system. It consists of a group of ten digits, code-named "ISBN", which is used to identify the country and region (language), publishing institution, title, version and binding method of the publication. This set of figures can also be said to be the representative figures of books.
Group number-publisher number-book title-parity bit
7 - 1 15 - 1 1533 - 8
Group identifier: This number represents the publisher's country, geographical region, language or other grouping characteristics. The group number is assigned by the international ISBN center. Publishers who want to join the ISBN system must belong to a national or regional center that has joined the ISBN system. The number in our country is "7"
Publisher Identifier: This number represents a specific publisher in the group area.
The publishing house number is assigned by the ISBN center of the country or region to which it belongs, and the ISBN center of China is responsible for the distribution and management of the publishing house prefix number in China. The allowable value range is 2 ~ 6 digits.
Title identifier: This number is used to distinguish books with different contents, different editions and different binding, and is assigned by the publishing house.
Check digit: This section number consists of a single number or the English capital letter "X", which can automatically check the correctness of ISBN.
Mathematical formula and explanation of ISBN check number
Mathematical formula:
ISBN Group Number Publisher Number Book Name Check Bit
ISBN 0-8436-1072-(7)
× 10 9876 5432
0 + 72 + 32 + 2 1 + 36 + 5 + 0 + 2 1 + 4 = 19 1
191÷11=17 ... Yu 4
Check bit = 1 1-4 = 7
Check 0+72+32+21+36+5+0+21+4+7 =198.
198÷ 1 1= 18
Because the sum of the parity bit and the first nine products is exactly divided by the modulus 1 1.
So: ISBN 0-8436- 1072-7 is the correct ISBN number.
Description:
According to ISO-2 108, the parity bit generation is calculated by the coefficient 1 1. The calculation method is to multiply the first nine digits of ISBN by numbers from 10 to 2 in turn, add the products, and divide the sum by11; If there is no remainder, the check number is "0"; If there is a remainder, use 1 1 to subtract the remainder, and the difference is the check number. If the difference is 10, it is represented by an "x" representing the Roman numeral 10.
ISBN numbering principle
When each book is first published, you must apply for a number. When reprinting (such as second printing and third printing), you don't need to apply for a new number, you can use the old ISBN.
Books with different editions and binding should be numbered separately, and the abridged edition and the original edition should also be numbered separately.
◎ Renumber when binding and layout change greatly.
◎ If the publisher of the republished book is not the original publisher, it shall be renumbered.
When reprinting a book and changing its title, it must be renumbered.
◎ For books with the same name, each volume should be numbered separately except the whole set of numbers.
To reprint a book or a book without ISBN in the past, you must apply for a number.
Books jointly published by two publishing houses shall be subject to the registration of one of them.
◎ You can apply for both ISBN and ISBN for the annual publication.
When electronic publications have different versions and languages, you can apply for a new ISBN.
◎ A version number of audio-visual products corresponds to an ISBN number.
ISSN related information
International standard serial publication number (ISSN)
ISSN (International Standard Serial Publication Number) is the abbreviation of the English initials of International Standard Serial Publication Number. ISSN is a standard, concise and unique identification code for information control, exchange and retrieval of continuous resources (including newspapers, magazines, electronic journals, dynamic guides, annual reports, etc.). Various media in different countries, languages and organizations. By the end of 2005, ISSN had identified 65,438+0,227,057 kinds of serial publications (including those in print and those out of print) all over the world, forming the largest bibliographic database of serial publications in the world, and ISSN has also become the authoritative coding system in the world.
ISSN network
ISSN Network was formally established on 1975 with the strong support and sponsorship of UNESCO and the French government. The network is an intergovernmental cooperation organization. The network consists of international centers and national or regional centers. At present, 80 national centers and 1 regional centers have been established. The International Center is located in Paris, France.