Question 2: What if there are too few search results and relevant documents are omitted?
1. Briefly describe the concepts of information, knowledge and literature and their relationships.
1. A: Information: It is the reflection of the existing mode, motion state and characteristics of things, and it is the signal and news sent by things.
Knowledge: It is the result of thinking, analyzing, refining, systematizing and theorizing the information reflection of various phenomena and laws in nature and human society.
Literature: All carriers of knowledge are recorded.
Conceptually, information is greater than knowledge and literature, knowledge is a part of information, which is theoretical and systematic, and literature is a part recorded in knowledge.
2. According to the different carrier forms, what kinds of documents are divided into, and examples are given.
2. Answer: According to the different carrier forms, the literature can be divided into:
Handwritten documents, such as Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Jinwen.
Printed literature, such as books and periodicals.
Reduce micro-files, such as microfilm, microfilm
Audio-visual literature, such as video tapes, audio tapes and sci-tech movies.
Electronic documents, such as database documents and network documents.
3. The level of literature and its relationship.
3. Answer: According to the processing degree, the literature can be divided into four types: zero, first, second and third.
Among them, zero-time literature refers to unpublished experimental records, original recordings (images), letters, manuscripts, oral communication information or objects. The zero-order documents are published after being processed by the author, and become documents when they enter the field of social circulation; According to the characteristics of primary documents, the documents are sorted, processed and concentrated according to certain rules and methods, and the obtained documents are secondary documents; A document formed by synthesizing, analyzing, processing and refining the contents of a large number of first-class documents by using the clues of second-class documents is a third-class document.
4. In computer retrieval, how to narrow the retrieval scope?
4. Answer: In computer retrieval, the methods to narrow the search scope are:
(1) Add search terms linked by and, or use "Second Search".
(2) Use specific sub-subject words to define.
(3) Restrict retrieval with fields, such as title retrieval, subject retrieval, weighted retrieval, etc.
(4) Limited retrieval of literature types, languages, important journals, clinical core journals and years.
(5) Enter a more specific category for word retrieval.
5. What are the methods to obtain the full text of literature?
5. A: The methods of obtaining the full text include:
(1) Searching for full-text databases on the Internet
(2) Use online publishing houses and magazines
(3) Using the Library Collection Catalogue (Joint Collection Catalogue)
(4) Use "online full-text delivery service"
(5) Ask the author for it
6. What are the common retrieval methods?
6. A: Commonly used retrieval methods include:
Free word retrieval, subject word retrieval, classified retrieval, author retrieval, institution retrieval, citation retrieval, limited retrieval, etc.
7. Briefly describe the principle of information retrieval.
7. Answer: The principle of information retrieval is to compare the questioning features describing the information required by a specific user with the retrieval marks stored in the information to find out the information that is consistent or basically consistent with the questioning features. The essence is the process of comparing and selecting the user's information needs with the information stored in the information * * * *, that is, matching.
8. What steps does computer retrieval usually include?
8. Answer: The steps of information retrieval include:
(1) Analyze the retrieval subject, and define the purpose and requirements.
(2) Select a suitable retrieval tool.
(3) Select the retrieval approach and determine the retrieval identification.
(4) Looking for literature clues.
(5) Browse the search results to obtain the original documents.
9. Briefly describe the arrangement rules of IM subject index.
9. A: The arrangement rules of subject indexes are as follows
(1) The full index is arranged by subject words.
(2) Under the same subject word, the sub-subject words are arranged in order.
(3) Bibliography of related contents is included under corresponding subject words or subject words/sub-subject words; General documents are directly under the subject words, and specific documents are under the corresponding sub-subject words; The title of the same document can be placed under multiple subject words.
(4) In the catalogue of documents under the same theme or sub-theme, English documents should be arranged first, and then non-English documents should be arranged, and the English translation titles of non-English documents should be enclosed in [] to show the difference.
(5) English documents are arranged according to their abbreviations.
(6) Non-English literature should be arranged according to language abbreviations, and according to the abbreviations of periodical names in the same language.
10. What kinds of reference systems are there in the alphabetical list of medical thesaurus (MeSH)? Illustrate its significance with examples.
10. A: The first group: substitute references, which are used to deal with the equivalence between words. In the network dictionary, only one more scientific and universal word is used as the standardized subject word of multiple synonyms, others. & gt
Question 3: Where can I download the game of NOKIA3 108? Nokia has the most games. Find them in Baidu, and there are many more. Download JAR files through the network, and then send them to your mobile phone with Nokia's PC suite.
In this whole process, you only need to pay the electricity fee and internet access fee of the computer.
Question: What does KWIC mean in information retrieval? Context key (kwic).
Question 5: Bibliography is a general law to study the formation and development of cataloging, that is, the science of the movement law of bibliographic information, and it is a theoretical summary and summary of the practical experience of cataloging. The contents of bibliography mainly include document disclosure and description, bibliography indexing, bibliography information service and bibliography history. A branch of bibliography, including general bibliography: studying the general principles of bibliography and the basic methods of bibliographic indexing; Bibliography: studying the accumulation, arrangement and utilization of documents in various disciplines; Comparative bibliography: study the characteristics of bibliography development at home and abroad. In addition, there is a sub-discipline, which focuses on the textual research of book edition status, called edition bibliography. This catalogue has a long history. The earliest catalogue in the world is Pinak Catalogue (also known as Catalogue of Famous Scholars and Their Works, with existing fragments) compiled by Calimarcos, an ancient Greek bibliographer and poet (about 305 BC ~ about 240 BC). The bibliography not only records the books of the Alexandria Library led by Carrimarks, but also includes all the Greek documents at that time. The invention of printing greatly promoted the exchange and dissemination of world culture, and also promoted the development of bibliography compilation. 1545 C. Gesner published the world bibliography. 16th century Italian jurist Giovanni? Bibliography of Jurists edited by Nevizano, Israel, Germany, 159 1? Spacci compiled a catalogue of medical works. 1564 published the Catalogue of Frankfurt Book Market in Frankfurt am Main, Germany (published every six months thereafter until 1749), which became the beginning of the publication of bibliography. Later, many countries published this catalogue, which was further developed in 18 and 19 centuries. The emergence of national bibliography is a milestone in the development history of bibliography, which has made great progress in the compilation technology of bibliography, such as collection scope, classification system and retrieval methods. /kloc-in the 0/9th century, national bibliographies published regularly appeared in the west, and since then, countries have compiled and published national bibliographies. The bibliography of the British Museum published by 188 1 ~ 1900 contains10.3 million books, with a total number of items exceeding 4.5 million, which is more than 230 volumes more than the French printed book catalogue collected by the National Library (published by 1897). The card catalogue appeared in France in the second half of18th century, and gradually became one of the main forms of library collections in various countries after19th century. In the late 1960s, machine-readable catalogs appeared in the United States, and many countries have issued such catalogs since then. The online joint catalog database of online library center is the largest bibliographic database (machine readable joint catalog) in the world. As early as the Shang Dynasty (BC 15 ~ BC 12 century), there were a large number of documents in China, including160,000 pieces of Oracle bone inscriptions unearthed in Xiaotun, Anyang. At that time, Oracle Bone Inscriptions's offerings were arranged in a certain order. Historians in charge of documents in Zhou Dynasty have a clear division of labor, such as unofficial history's management of the records of the four directions, the books of three emperors and five emperors, and the titles of the books of the four directions, which shows that there is likely to be a catalogue of documents registered and reported in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Hanshu? Artistic Records: During the period of Liang Wudi, Yang Fei, the military and political servant, recorded the Military Records, which is the earliest book catalogue recorded in the existing literature in China. In 26 BC, Emperor Hancheng ordered Chen Nong to look for a suicide note and summoned doctors and other school secretaries. Liu Xiang died before proofreading, and his son Liu Xin followed in his father's footsteps. He compiled the full text of every narrative written by Liu Xiang when he was proofreading into 20 volumes of Bielu, and Liu Xin took it from Bielu to make seven volumes of Qilv. Bielu is a model of narrative summary in later generations. Qilue established a bibliography classification system guided by Confucianism, which had a far-reaching impact on the compilation of later catalogues (see Bielu and Qilue). Xun Xu, the secretary supervisor of the Western Jin Dynasty, wrote Zhongjing's New Book. According to the cultural and academic development at that time and the changes in the number of books, he established four bibliographic classification systems. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Li Chong compiled Four Bibliography of Jin and Yuan Emperors, and the positions of the two books were reversed. The book of the History Department precedes the books of the philosophers, and the four-bibliography classification system established by Li Chong became the permanent system of cataloguing compiled by secretaries in Song, Qi, Liang, Chen and Sui Dynasties. The official catalogue of court books compiled by * * * has existed in all dynasties, such as 200 volumes of Four Records of the Book Group compiled by Yuan Xingchong and others in the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, 40 volumes of Ancient and Modern Records without editing, 66 volumes of Chongwen General Catalogue compiled by Wang and Ouyang Xiu in the Song Dynasty and 70 volumes of Zhongxing Pavilion Bibliography compiled by Chen in the Southern Song Dynasty. The most outstanding representative in the official catalogue is the Catalogue of Sikuquanshu in Qing Dynasty published by Ji Yun in A.D. 1772. & gt
Question 6: This article should include 13 the complete identification of the system and software to which this document applies. What do you mean? Question 1. Briefly describe the concepts of information, knowledge and literature and their relationships. 1. A: Information: It is the reflection of the existing mode, motion state and characteristics of things, and it is the signal and news sent by things. Knowledge: It is the result of thinking, analyzing, refining, systematizing and theorizing the information reflection of various phenomena and laws in nature and human society. Literature: All knowledge carriers are recorded. Conceptually, information is greater than knowledge and literature, knowledge is a part of information, and it is theoretical and systematic information, and literature is a part recorded in knowledge. 2. According to the different carrier forms, what kinds of documents are divided into, and examples are given. 2. Answer: According to the different forms of carriers, documents can be divided into handwritten documents, such as printed documents in Oracle Bone Inscriptions and inscriptions on bronze, microfilms in books and periodicals, audio-visual documents in microfilms, such as videotapes and tapes, and electronic documents in sci-tech movies, such as database documents and network documents. 3. The levels of documents and their relationships. 3. Answer: According to the processing degree, the literature can be divided into four types: zero, first, second and third. Among them, zero-time literature refers to unpublished experimental records, original recordings (images), letters, manuscripts, oral communication information or objects. The zero-order documents are published after being processed by the author, and become documents when they enter the field of social circulation; According to the characteristics of primary documents, the documents are sorted, processed and concentrated according to certain rules and methods, and the obtained documents are secondary documents; A document formed by synthesizing, analyzing, processing and refining the contents of a large number of first-class documents by using the clues of second-class documents is a third-class document. 4. In computer retrieval, how to narrow the retrieval scope? 4. Answer: In computer retrieval, the methods to narrow the search range include: (1) adding search words connected with and, or using "secondary search" (2) defining search with specific keywords (3) defining search with fields, such as title search, subject search and weighted search. (4) Literature types, languages, important journals, etc. 5. Answer: The methods of obtaining full-text are: (1) searching online full-text database; (2) Using online publishing houses and magazines; (3) Using the library catalogue; (4) using "online full-text delivery service"; (5) Ask the author for 6. What are the common retrieval methods? 6. A: The commonly used retrieval methods are: free word retrieval, subject word retrieval, classified retrieval, author retrieval, institution retrieval, citation retrieval, limited retrieval, etc. 7. Briefly describe the principle of information retrieval. A: The principle of information retrieval is to compare the characteristics of the information required by a specific user with the retrieval marks stored in the information, and find out the information that is consistent or basically consistent with the characteristics of the questions. The essence is the process of comparing and selecting the user's information needs with the information stored in the information * * * *, that is, matching. 8. What steps does computer retrieval usually include? 8. Answer: The steps of information retrieval include: (1) analyzing the retrieval theme and defining the purpose and requirements; (2) Select appropriate retrieval tools; (3) Select the retrieval method and determine the retrieval mark. (4) Looking for literature clues. (5) Browse the search results to obtain the original documents. 9. Briefly describe the arrangement rules of IM subject index. 9. Answer: The arrangement rules of the subject index are as follows: (1) All indexes are arranged by subject words; (2) Under the same subject word, they are arranged by sub-subject words; (3) Bibliography of related contents is included under corresponding subject words or subject words/sub-subject words; General documents are directly under the subject words, and specific documents are under the corresponding sub-subject words; The same document title can be placed under multiple topic titles. (4) For the titles of documents under the same subject word or sub-subject, English documents should be arranged first, and then non-English documents should be arranged. English translation titles of non-English documents should be marked by []. (5) English literature should be arranged according to the abbreviations of periodical names. (6) Non-English literature should first be arranged by periodical abbreviations and use the same language. 10. What kinds of reference systems are there in the alphabetical list of medical thesaurus (MeSH)? Illustrate its significance with examples. 10. A: The first group: substitute references, which are used to deal with the equivalence between words. In the network dictionary, only one more scientific and universal word is used as the standardized subject word of multiple synonyms, others. & gt
Question 7: Key questions and answers in information retrieval.
1. Briefly describe the concepts of information, knowledge and literature and their relationships.
1. A: Information: It is the reflection of the existing mode, motion state and characteristics of things, and it is the signal and news sent by things.
Knowledge: It is the result of thinking, analyzing, refining, systematizing and theorizing the information reflection of various phenomena and laws in nature and human society.
Literature: All carriers of knowledge are recorded.
Conceptually, information is greater than knowledge and literature, knowledge is a part of information, which is theoretical and systematic, and literature is a part recorded in knowledge.
2. According to the different carrier forms, what kinds of documents are divided into, and examples are given.
2. Answer: According to the different carrier forms, the literature can be divided into:
Handwritten documents, such as Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Jinwen.
Printed literature, such as books and periodicals.
Reduce micro-files, such as microfilm, microfilm
Audio-visual literature, such as video tapes, audio tapes and sci-tech movies.
Electronic documents, such as database documents and network documents.
3. The level of literature and its relationship.
3. Answer: According to the processing degree, the literature can be divided into four types: zero, first, second and third.
Among them, zero-time literature refers to unpublished experimental records, original recordings (images), letters, manuscripts, oral communication information or objects. The zero-order documents are published after being processed by the author, and become documents when they enter the field of social circulation; According to the characteristics of primary documents, the documents are sorted, processed and concentrated according to certain rules and methods, and the obtained documents are secondary documents; A document formed by synthesizing, analyzing, processing and refining the contents of a large number of first-class documents by using the clues of second-class documents is a third-class document.
4. In computer retrieval, how to narrow the retrieval scope?
4. Answer: In computer retrieval, the methods to narrow the search scope are:
(1) Add search terms linked by and, or use "Second Search".
(2) Use specific sub-subject words to define.
(3) Restrict retrieval with fields, such as title retrieval, subject retrieval, weighted retrieval, etc.
(4) Limited retrieval of literature types, languages, important journals, clinical core journals and years.
(5) Enter a more specific category for word retrieval.
5. What are the methods to obtain the full text of literature?
5. A: The methods of obtaining the full text include:
(1) Searching for full-text databases on the Internet
(2) Use online publishing houses and magazines
(3) Using the Library Collection Catalogue (Joint Collection Catalogue)
(4) Use "online full-text delivery service"
(5) Ask the author for it
6. What are the common retrieval methods?
6. A: Commonly used retrieval methods include:
Free word retrieval, subject word retrieval, classified retrieval, author retrieval, institution retrieval, citation retrieval, limited retrieval, etc.
7. Briefly describe the principle of information retrieval.
7. Answer: The principle of information retrieval is to compare the questioning features describing the information required by a specific user with the retrieval marks stored in the information to find out the information that is consistent or basically consistent with the questioning features. The essence is the process of comparing and selecting the user's information needs with the information stored in the information * * * *, that is, matching.
8. What steps does computer retrieval usually include?
8. Answer: The steps of information retrieval include:
(1) Analyze the retrieval subject, and define the purpose and requirements.
(2) Select a suitable retrieval tool.
(3) Select the retrieval approach and determine the retrieval identification.
(4) Looking for literature clues.
(5) Browse the search results to obtain the original documents.
9. Briefly describe the arrangement rules of IM subject index.
9. A: The arrangement rules of subject indexes are as follows
(1) The full index is arranged by subject words.
(2) Under the same subject word, the sub-subject words are arranged in order.
(3) Bibliography of related contents is included under corresponding subject words or subject words/sub-subject words; General documents are directly under the subject words, and specific documents are under the corresponding sub-subject words; The title of the same document can be placed under multiple subject words.
(4) In the catalogue of documents under the same theme or sub-theme, English documents should be arranged first, and then non-English documents should be arranged, and the English translation titles of non-English documents should be enclosed in [] to show the difference.
(5) English documents are arranged according to their abbreviations.
(6) Non-English literature should be arranged according to language abbreviations, and according to the abbreviations of periodical names in the same language.
10. What kinds of reference systems are there in the alphabetical list of medical thesaurus (MeSH)? Illustrate its significance with examples.
10. A: The first group: substitute references, which are used to deal with the equivalence between words. In the network dictionary, only one more scientific and universal word is used as the standardized subject word of multiple synonyms, others. & gt
Question 8: Information, knowledge and literature, in terms of their extension, information is greater than knowledge and knowledge is greater than literature, right?
1. Briefly describe the concepts of information, knowledge and literature and their relationships.
1. A: Information: It is the reflection of the existing mode, motion state and characteristics of things, and it is the signal and news sent by things.
Knowledge: It is the result of thinking, analyzing, refining, systematizing and theorizing the information reflection of various phenomena and laws in nature and human society.
Literature: All carriers of knowledge are recorded.
Conceptually, information is greater than knowledge and literature, knowledge is a part of information, which is theoretical and systematic, and literature is a part recorded in knowledge.
2. According to the different carrier forms, what kinds of documents are divided into, and examples are given.
2. Answer: According to the different carrier forms, the literature can be divided into:
Handwritten documents, such as Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Jinwen.
Printed literature, such as books and periodicals.
Reduce micro-files, such as microfilm, microfilm
Audio-visual literature, such as video tapes, audio tapes and sci-tech movies.
Electronic documents, such as database documents and network documents.
3. The level of literature and its relationship.
3. Answer: According to the processing degree, the literature can be divided into four types: zero, first, second and third.
Among them, zero-time literature refers to unpublished experimental records, original recordings (images), letters, manuscripts, oral communication information or objects. The zero-order documents are published after being processed by the author, and become documents when they enter the field of social circulation; According to the characteristics of primary documents, the documents are sorted, processed and concentrated according to certain rules and methods, and the obtained documents are secondary documents; A document formed by synthesizing, analyzing, processing and refining the contents of a large number of first-class documents by using the clues of second-class documents is a third-class document.
4. In computer retrieval, how to narrow the retrieval scope?
4. Answer: In computer retrieval, the methods to narrow the search scope are:
(1) Add search terms linked by and, or use "Second Search".
(2) Use specific sub-subject words to define.
(3) Restrict retrieval with fields, such as title retrieval, subject retrieval, weighted retrieval, etc.
(4) Limited retrieval of literature types, languages, important journals, clinical core journals and years.
(5) Enter a more specific category for word retrieval.
5. What are the methods to obtain the full text of literature?
5. A: The methods of obtaining the full text include:
(1) Searching for full-text databases on the Internet
(2) Use online publishing houses and magazines
(3) Using the Library Collection Catalogue (Joint Collection Catalogue)
(4) Use "online full-text delivery service"
(5) Ask the author for it
6. What are the common retrieval methods?
6. A: Commonly used retrieval methods include:
Free word retrieval, subject word retrieval, classified retrieval, author retrieval, institution retrieval, citation retrieval, limited retrieval, etc.
7. Briefly describe the principle of information retrieval.
7. Answer: The principle of information retrieval is to compare the questioning features describing the information required by a specific user with the retrieval marks stored in the information to find out the information that is consistent or basically consistent with the questioning features. The essence is the process of comparing and selecting the user's information needs with the information stored in the information * * * *, that is, matching.
8. What steps does computer retrieval usually include?
8. Answer: The steps of information retrieval include:
(1) Analyze the retrieval subject, and define the purpose and requirements.
(2) Select a suitable retrieval tool.
(3) Select the retrieval approach and determine the retrieval identification.
(4) Looking for literature clues.
(5) Browse the search results to obtain the original documents.
9. Briefly describe the arrangement rules of IM subject index.
9. A: The arrangement rules of subject indexes are as follows
(1) The full index is arranged by subject words.
(2) Under the same subject word, the sub-subject words are arranged in order.
(3) Bibliography of related contents is included under corresponding subject words or subject words/sub-subject words; General documents are directly under the subject words, and specific documents are under the corresponding sub-subject words; The title of the same document can be placed under multiple subject words.
(4) In the catalogue of documents under the same theme or sub-theme, English documents should be arranged first, and then non-English documents should be arranged, and the English translation titles of non-English documents should be enclosed in [] to show the difference.
(5) English documents are arranged according to their abbreviations.
(6) Non-English literature should be arranged according to language abbreviations, and according to the abbreviations of periodical names in the same language.
10. What kinds of reference systems are there in the alphabetical list of medical thesaurus (MeSH)? Illustrate its significance with examples.
10. A: The first group: substitute references, which are used to deal with the equivalence between words. In the network dictionary, only one more scientific and universal word is used as the standardized subject word of multiple synonyms, others. & gt
Question 9: What is a retrieval tool and what conditions should a retrieval tool have? Retrieval equipment
The systematic text description tools for storing, searching and reporting archival information are the general names of directories, indexes and guides.
Features of search tool: 1. Describe the content characteristics and appearance characteristics of the document in detail; 2. Each document record must have a retrieval mark; 3. Literature items form an organic whole in a certain order; Can provide a variety of retrieval methods.
Search tool type: 1. Directory retrieval tools (such as collection directory, joint directory, country number, publishing house and bookstore directory); 2. Title-based retrieval tools; 3. Abstract retrieval tools. (e.g. knowledge summary, report summary).