Classification by structural characteristics
According to the structural characteristics, it can be divided into six categories: van, tanker, special dump truck, storage truck, lifting truck and special structure truck. Every special vehicle with structural characteristics includes "special transport vehicle" and "special operation vehicle".
In addition, there is a classification method, which can divide special vehicles into six categories: van, tank car, special dump truck, storage car, lifting car and special structure car. According to the characteristics of vehicles, they are divided into "special transport vehicles" and "special work vehicles".
Van refers to a special vehicle with special equipment and independent closed structure (which can be integrated with the cab).
Special van refers to a van with special equipment and an independent closed structure (which can be integrated with the cab) for transporting goods, specific personnel or specific articles. Such as police cars, prison cars, disabled transport vehicles, transport vehicles and so on.
Special van refers to a van with independent closed structure (which can be integrated with the cab) to complete specific tasks or special services. Such as TV car, epidemic prevention car, laboratory car, stage car, etc.
Tank car refers to a tank car equipped with tank containers for transporting solids, liquids or other media. It is divided into special tank transport vehicles (such as cryogenic liquid transport vehicles, liquefied gas transport vehicles and miscellaneous dangerous goods tank transport vehicles). ) and tank-type special operation vehicles (such as sewage suction vehicles, aircraft sewage suction vehicles, oil well fluid treatment vehicles, etc. ).
Special dump truck refers to a special truck equipped with hydraulic lifting mechanism, which can unload the car (tank) or tilt the car (tank) at a certain angle, and the goods can be unloaded by themselves or pushed horizontally by their own weight. It is divided into special dump trucks (such as sludge dump trucks, cotton trucks and bulk seed trucks) and special dump trucks.
A warehouse car refers to a special car equipped with a special device and a black dragon or fence structure car. It is divided into barn-type special transport vehicles (such as livestock and poultry transport vehicles, bottled beverage transport vehicles, beekeeping vehicles and barreled garbage transport vehicles) and barn-type special operation vehicles.
Crane refers to a special vehicle equipped with lifting equipment or lifting platform (bucket). It is divided into special lifting transport vehicles (such as truck-mounted lifting transport vehicles and aviation food loading vehicles) and special lifting operation vehicles (such as truck cranes, aerial work vehicles and weighing inspection vehicles). ).
Special-purpose vehicles refer to special vehicles with special devices, truss structures, flat structures and other special structures, which are used to undertake special transportation or special operations. It can be divided into special transport vehicles with special structures (such as container transport vehicles, automobile transport vehicles and muck transport vehicles). ) and special operation vehicles with special structures (such as drilling trucks, test derrick trucks, refueling desert trucks, etc.). ).
In addition to the above-mentioned special vehicles, there are also special trailers. Special trailer is to change the word "car" into "semi-trailer, drawbar semi-trailer, axle semi-trailer" and change the definition of "car" into "semi-trailer, drawbar semi-trailer and axle semi-trailer", that is, the corresponding special trailer.
Classification by purpose
With the development of economy, the variety and quantity of special purpose vehicles are increasing. There are more than 500 kinds of special purpose vehicles in common use, and there are more than 1000 kinds of special purpose vehicles in developed countries. Special purpose vehicles can be divided into general special purpose vehicles and industrial and mining production vehicles.
1. General-purpose vehicle: a vehicle modified from a road truck and used for transportation and various operations. The carriages of general-purpose vehicles used for transportation include van, tank, dumper, warehouse, grille and truss, which can transport goods with different properties, conditions and requirements, such as liquid, gaseous and bulk powdery or granular solid goods; Livestock, poultry, fresh fish and other animals; Goods that need to be kept warm, fresh and refrigerated; Toxic, flammable and explosive dangerous goods. In countries with large automobile production, there are also special transport vehicles with double compartments, which are used to transport 8 ~ 10 cars.
2. Another kind of general purpose vehicle is engaged in specialized operation: in order to achieve different purposes, this kind of vehicle is equipped with corresponding operation equipment on its chassis, such as sales vehicle, garbage truck, sweeper, sprinkler, environmental monitoring vehicle, cement mixer, truck crane, power station vehicle, emergency repair vehicle, exploration vehicle, reservoir fracturing vehicle, scientific investigation vehicle, police car, fire truck, aircraft tractor, refueling vehicle, etc.
3. Automobile for industrial and mining production: This kind of automobile is specially designed and has its own series, which is generally used for special roads or specific areas.
Cars used in industrial and mining production are as follows:
(1) mining, hydraulic, construction dump trucks, with a load of 20-300 tons, using 65,438+085-65,438+200 kW high-speed diesel engine and hydraulic mechanical transmission (in the past, it was only used for dump trucks with a load of less than 80 tons, but since the 1970s, it has been used for 65,438+008 tons and 65,438 tons. The steering system is hydraulically assisted. Large-tonnage dump trucks are also equipped with emergency steering pumps. The braking system is operated by power with emergency braking device. The large-tonnage dump truck is also equipped with a hydraulic reducer. Most of these cars are rear-dump. Because this kind of car often works in harsh environment, the cab should be sealed, equipped with protective plates, and some should be equipped with air conditioning equipment.
(2) Special transport vehicle for transporting steel, ladle, hot ingot and steel in metallurgical plant, with loading capacity of 30-500 tons. The speed of this car is not high, and the engine power does not need to be large (150 ~ 275 kW), but the turning radius is small, and the cab is safe and insulated.
(3) Flat-bed transport vehicles used in shipyards or used to transport large-scale equipment can transport large-scale equipment such as hull, transformer, power generation equipment or chemical distillation column welded in sections. The top of this car is a big flat plate, and all the mechanisms and cab are under the flat plate.
How to choose a special purpose vehicle?
1. There are many kinds of special vehicles, and the production batch is small. There is no uniform standard to follow when purchasing. Special vehicles should be purchased according to the project, working environment and the economic ability of the purchaser.
2. Special purpose vehicles are usually formed by adding the required tops on the basis of the second-class automobile chassis (that is, the truck chassis without containers). There are also a few special-purpose vehicles, such as ambulances and cash trucks, which are formed by internal transformation on the basis of passenger cars. Therefore, the second-class automobile chassis has become the focus of attention when buying special purpose vehicles. Almost all heavy truck manufacturers in China have their own chassis products. Most of the imported second-class automobile chassis are Mitsubishi Fusang and Isuzu of Japan, and some automobile modification factories choose the chassis produced by world-renowned truck companies such as Mercedes-Benz and Volvo. Relatively speaking, the performance of imported chassis is better than that of domestic chassis, but the price is relatively high. With the improvement of the overall level of China's automobile manufacturing industry, this gap is gradually narrowing.
3. Buyers should consider whether the chassis is suitable for the working environment, whether the bearing capacity of steel beams and axles meets the needs, and whether the reliability is stable. In addition, pay attention to the firmness of welding or connection between the top and the chassis.
There are many kinds of jackets for special vehicles, with different uses, different forms and different technical parameters. Pay attention to the technical data of special vehicles when choosing. Such as concrete pump truck, pay attention to the maximum pumping height; There are also truck cranes, pay attention to lifting quality, legs and so on.
When buying a car, it is best to choose the products of large special purpose vehicle manufacturers. These enterprises have stable products in the special vehicle market, stable technical service personnel who can carry out on-site maintenance, and more brands and models of chassis to match the top matching, providing consumers with more choices. In addition, we should also pay attention to whether the production enterprises have the announcement that the state allows the production of special vehicles.