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China 100,000. Why?
The title of "A Hundred Thousand Why" is borrowed from the popular science reading "A Hundred Thousand Why" by the Soviet scientific literature writer Ilya (real name Ilya Yakov Levich Marshak). Ilya also took a poem from 1907 by Joseph Rudyard Kipling, a British writer and Nobel Prize in Literature laureate: "Where are the 5,000 people? How about seven thousand? A hundred thousand why? " [2] "100,000" is a virtual finger, which is used to describe a lot.

The book brand "100,000 Why" is published by Shanghai Children's Publishing House 196 1, and the article usually adopts "Why?" The title, each article is a popular science work of thousands of words. Since its birth more than 50 years ago, the brand has influenced countless readers on the road of seeking knowledge with its close editing form and YEATION's graphic content.

Since 196 1, 100,000 Why's have been regarded as book brands by the industry, and they have been developed and utilized on a large scale, and books with the same name have emerged one after another. However, "100,000 Why" published by Shanghai Children's Publishing House is still the first choice for readers because of its unique editing concept and strict quality requirements.

Release background

1956, after the central government issued the call of "marching into science", the editors of children's publishing house, one of the only two professional children's publishing houses at that time, were very encouraged and bent on producing some good children's popular science books, breaking the current situation that popular science books were either thin or scarce at that time. But in 1958, they experienced an unforgettable "Great Leap Forward" like the people of the whole country, because they were unsuccessful in all aspects.

From 65438 to 0959, they set out to write a set of natural science encyclopedias to answer various questions for high school students and junior high school students. After a period of soliciting contributions, they gradually established the editing idea of breaking through textbooks and classroom teaching, and set the tone for the editing of 100,000 books in the future. 100,000 Why has become one of the most famous popular science reading brands in China.

Since June 1970, the previous fourteen volumes have been revised again, and volumes 15 to 23 have been added.

From 65438 to 0995, the central government established rejuvenating the country through science and education as a basic national policy. Editors are familiar with the customs all over the country, which provides a good opportunity to update the old edition of 100,000 Why. They started the preparatory work from 1995, and set the goal directly in the "new century".

As Chen Zhili, Minister of Education, pointed out in his congratulatory letter to the new century edition, "People know more clearly than ever that the competition in the future world is high-tech competition, and the Chinese nation must rely on science and technology to revitalize." People at this time understand more than ever what science means to their future.

From "marching into science" to "rejuvenating the country through science and education", although the background of the times is different, it is the constant mission given by the editors of "100,000 Why" to keep abreast of the development pulse of the times and understand the changes in readers' demand for science education.

Version 1-5

196 1 year

The first edition of 100,000 Why is published by Children's Publishing House.

The success of a hundred thousand whys lies in the word "set". When planning the first edition of "100,000 Why", we noticed the supporting problems. The first edition is divided into five volumes of physics, chemistry, astronomy, meteorology, agriculture and physiology, with more than 900 "why". Later, three volumes of mathematics, geology and geography and animals were added. 1962 65438+ 8 volumes published in February. At this time, the first edition of "100,000 Why" received 1.484 questions, 1.05 million words. The first edition * * * printed more than 5.3 million copies.

***2 sheets

The first edition of "100,000 Why"

1964

The second edition of "100,000 Why" was published by Children's Publishing House.

The second edition deleted some bad topics in the first edition, enriched the content and further improved the quality. It is divided into 14 volumes and published by disciplines, namely, one volume of mathematics, two volumes of physics, one volume of astronomy, one volume of meteorology, one volume of physical geography, two volumes of animals, two volumes of plants and two volumes of physical health. There are about 150 to 200 "why" in each volume, and there are 2003 questions. [3] Therefore, the second edition is richer and more systematic than the first edition.

***2 sheets

100 thousand why, second edition

1970

The third edition of 100,000 Why is published by Shanghai People's Publishing House.

1970 In order to adapt to the situation at that time, the revised "100,000 Why" was published by Shanghai People's Publishing House-during the Cultural Revolution, Children's Publishing House was merged into Shanghai People's Publishing House. During the "unprecedented" ten-year catastrophe, from 1970 to 1978, a cultural revolution edition of "100,000 whys" was published, with ***2 1 volume, 32 folio, and 1- 14 as yellow cover. The original plan to publish 23 volumes was also cancelled due to later circumstances. Two books (18 and 2 1) were published by Children's Publishing House because it broke off relations with Shanghai People's Publishing House. The main contents of each volume are as follows: (1) Mathematics (2) Physics (3) Physics (4) Chemistry (5) Chemistry (6) Astronomy (7) Meteorology (8) Geography (9) Animals (10) Animals (1kloc)

***2 sheets

A hundred thousand why, third edition.

In the interpretation of the second edition, the Cultural Revolution Edition first criticized the first two editions. "A lot of mistakes, not actively promoting Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought, divorced from the reality of the three revolutionary movements. Many contents promote the omnipotence of knowledge, pursue interests, and spread the poison of closure, capital and repair. " Then, the principle of this revision and reprinting is explained: "In this revision and reprinting, the wrong contents have been deleted, and about one third of new topics have been added, following the teachings of the great leader Chairman Mao on" self-reliance ","striving for strength "and" preparing for war, preparing for famine and serving the people ",reflecting the reality of the three revolutionary movements and industrial and agricultural production, reflecting the scientific and technological achievements of our great motherland since the Cultural Revolution, and making scientific popularization of reading materials omnipresent. This set of books has been deeply branded with class struggle, and the content about industrial and agricultural production has been greatly increased.

1980

The fourth edition of 100,000 Why is published by Children's Publishing House.

The decade of the Cultural Revolution has finally passed. 1980, 100,000 whys was revised for the third time and published in the fourth edition. This major revision affirmed the characteristics of the first edition, denied the "Cultural Revolution" edition, and generally maintained the scale and creative characteristics of the second edition, which was still divided into 14 volumes and still maintained an easy-to-understand, vivid and fascinating style. The fourth edition is still divided into 14 volumes, including mathematics 1, physics 2, chemistry 2, animals 2, plants 2, geoscience 1, astronomy 1, meteorology 1, medicine 2, * * * meter1. From April 1980 to June 198 1 10. This edition not only sorts out the contents influenced by "class struggle" and "line struggle" in the third edition, but also adds many new contents according to the development of science and technology. But generally speaking, the fourth edition is based on the second edition, the cover design and illustrations are very similar to the second edition, and the problem setting obviously has the shadow of the second edition.

The fourth edition of "100,000 Why"

Since the fourth edition, "100,000 Why" has been packaged and published at one time, and the single volume is no longer priced separately, and it has been used in cartons. This kind of packing box has a handle, which is convenient to carry and beneficial to the storage of books. The form of packaging box is convenient for readers to buy, carry and store the whole package, but it also leaves a deep impression on many readers. "A box full of knowledge, just looking at the cover, feels like a knowledge (child)"; "One copy of this edition *** 14, one set in a square carton with handle"; An ordinary paper box is a treasure chest that opens the door of wisdom. From the feedback of readers, the use of packaging boxes has achieved good results, and the packaging box form has also been continuously used by many complete sets of children's popular science books.

A sequel to 100 thousand why

10 began to edit the "sequel" of volume10 in early 1990.10 was published once in March 1993 and merged with the previous volume 14. So far, the fourth edition of 100,000 Why has 24 volumes, including Math 2. However, compared with the classic content of the fourth edition, although the sequel imitates the fourth edition from the topic selection to the art design, the content is obscure and the interest is obviously reduced. It is particularly obvious, such as the appearance of "gamma globulin" and infant health care, which are far from children's lives. Some of the contents are repeated with the 1980 version, such as the contents about the life mystery of comet Bila, black hole and Mars in Astronomy 2 and the four major astronomical discoveries in 1960s, which are all discussed in detail in Astronomy (1).

1999

The new century edition of "100,000 Why" is published by Children's Publishing House.

With the passage of time and the rapid development of contemporary science and technology, readers are eager to see the new edition of 100,000 Why, which can introduce new science and knowledge more comprehensively and timely. At the end of 1994, the central government issued "Several Opinions on Strengthening Science Popularization Work", emphasizing the importance of strengthening science popularization work for young people. Encouraged by this situation, children's publishing house made a decision on 1995 after full argumentation and extensive listening to opinions. In three to four years, it edited and published a brand-new set of "100,000 Why". The new book was named "100,000 Why" (New Century Edition), and it was planned to be published on 1999 .. * It was mathematics, mathematics and mathematics respectively. Among them, mathematics, physics, chemistry, animals and plants retain the original subject setting of "100 thousand whys"; The human body, the earth and the universe are merged on the basis of the original disciplines such as medicine, meteorology, geoscience and astronomy, and the contents of human body, physiology, genetics, ocean and aerospace are added respectively. Environment, information, engineering and indexing materials are newly expanded disciplines. About one-third of the titles of each volume of this book (except the newly expanded four volumes) are reserved titles (the text content has been reprocessed), more than two-thirds are rewritten or newly written titles, and more than half of them are newly written titles of some volumes.