1. Publishing cycle: Periodicals are published according to a fixed cycle, such as weekly, monthly and quarterly. Books, on the other hand, have no fixed publishing cycle and can be published at any time as needed.

2. Content type: Journals are generally short and pithy, mainly reporting or commenting on the latest research results, theoretical innovations and cutting-edge ideas of a certain discipline. Books, on the other hand, systematically and comprehensively discuss and introduce a certain subject or field, with rich, in-depth and comprehensive contents.

3. Audience: Journals are mainly for professionals, scholars and researchers, and their contents are more professional and profound. Books are aimed at a wide range of readers, including ordinary readers, students, teachers and so on. And the content is relatively easy to understand.

4. Publication form: Periodicals are generally published in the form of magazines, newspapers or publications, usually with thinner paper, smaller layout and more illustrations. Books are published in the form of books, with thick paper, large layout and few illustrations.