(a) where one of the following conditions is met, it is a type of construction project)
1. 12 floors (according to the computable building area) or multi-storey buildings with cornices over 36m high.
2. A single-story building with a span of more than 24 meters or a cornice height of more than 18 meters.
3. An industrial workshop with a double-deck crane or crane lifting capacity exceeding 50 tons.
4. More than ten layers of steel and reinforced concrete frame structure, shear wall structure, frame-shear wall structure and tube structure engineering.
5. Structures with a height of more than 55 meters, or a diameter of more than 20 meters (other shapes have a perimeter of more than 80 meters), or a pool (tank) with a volume of more than 1500 cubic meters.
6 steel structures or reinforced concrete structures with complex shapes such as sphere, ellipse, hyperbola and cone. (Not subject to paragraph 5 of this article)
(two) who can not meet the first class engineering standards, meet one of the following conditions for the second class engineering.
1. A multi-storey building with eight or more floors to twelve floors or a cornice with a height of 27 to 36 meters.
2. Single-storey buildings with a span exceeding18m to 24m or a cornice height exceeding12m to18m.
3. Industrial workshops with cranes with lifting capacity exceeding 30 tons to 50 tons.
4. Steel and reinforced concrete frame structure, shear wall structure, frame-shear wall structure and tube structure engineering with more than six floors to ten floors.
5. A pool (tank) with a height of more than 45 to 55 meters, or a diameter of more than 12 to 20 meters (other shapes have a circumference of more than 48 to 80 meters), or a single volume of more than 1000 cubic meters to 1500 cubic meters.
6. Warehouse of reinforced concrete structure, warehouse and riverside reinforced concrete pump house. Various forms of steel and reinforced concrete supports, trestles and microwave towers. (Not subject to paragraph 5 of this article)
(three) who can not meet the first and second class engineering standards, meet one of the following conditions for the third class engineering.
1. A multi-storey building with six or more floors to eight floors or a cornice with a height exceeding 20 to 27 meters.
2. Single-storey buildings with a span exceeding12m to18m or a cornice height exceeding10m to12m.
3. A factory with a crane and a lifting capacity of less than 30 tons.
4. Steel and reinforced concrete frame structure, shear wall structure, frame-shear wall structure and tube structure engineering with two or more floors to six floors.
5. A pool (box) with a height of more than 30 meters to 45 meters, a diameter of more than 8 meters to 12 meters (other shapes have a circumference of more than 32 meters to 48 meters), or a single volume of more than 500 cubic meters to 1000 cubic meters.
6. Boiler room, pump room, freezer room and villa project with reinforced concrete structure in basement or semi-basement. Retaining wall, slope protection and independent reinforced concrete equipment foundation with a height exceeding eight meters. Independent piling works, such as retaining piles, anchor piles, water curtain piles, etc. Independent dynamic compaction foundation engineering.
(four) does not meet the standards of I, II and III projects, and meets one of the following conditions for IV projects.
1. Two-to six-story multi-storey buildings or cornices with a height exceeding six to twenty meters.
2 single-storey buildings with a span of more than six to twelve meters or a cornice height of more than six to ten meters.
3. Two-story steel and reinforced concrete frame structure, shear wall structure, frame-shear wall structure and tube structure engineering.
4. Steel or reinforced concrete, masonry or brick-concrete structure buildings other than Class I, II and III projects.
5. Retaining walls five to eight meters above, outdoor reinforced concrete structures with independent slope protection (such as septic tanks), etc. Laying outdoor independent drainage concrete pipes with a diameter greater than 350 mm. Independent metal structure or fence with concrete as the main body.
(five) did not meet the standards of I, II, III, IV projects, meet one of the following conditions for V projects.
1. A single-story building or cornice with a height of less than six meters or a span of less than six meters.
2. Outdoor sporadic works, such as laying bricks, barbed wire fences, single-story carports, drainage ditches, ditches, retaining walls below five meters, slope protection, independent masonry septic tanks, manholes and drainage pipes. Second, the relevant provisions
(a) Multi-span factories or warehouses are classified into engineering categories according to their main spans or heights.
(two) in the same unit project, the construction area or volume of the advanced structure part accounts for more than 30% of the total construction area or volume of the unit project, and the project is classified according to the advanced structure part.
(3) The cornice height (or height) of a building refers to the vertical distance from the outdoor design floor to the dripping place of the cornice. A flat roof with a gutter is the bottom of the gutter, and one without a gutter is the bottom of the roof.
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Question 2: What are Class I buildings, Class II buildings and Class III buildings? According to their importance, there are four types of buildings. One is a particularly important building with a design durability of 100 years. Ordinary buildings belong to Class II buildings with a design durability of 50 hai, Class III buildings are small buildings less than 25 years old, and Class IV buildings are temporary buildings less than 15 years old.
Question 3: What is first-class architecture? What do you know about first-class architecture? It depends on which line of construction you want to engage in in in the future. There are builders, librarians, supervisors and budgeters, and they can also do architectural or structural design and measurement. Generally, after two years of undergraduate graduation (three years of junior college), you can first evaluate a work assistant certificate, and then you can evaluate an engineer certificate and a senior engineer certificate. After graduating from junior college for 2 years, you can take the second-level constructor exam. Other certificates, you will know naturally in this business. Other certificates, such as cost engineer's certificate, information officer's certificate, safety officer's certificate, construction engineer's certificate, etc. It mainly depends on what kind you are engaged in. In addition, there are two construction engineers, structural engineer and architect certificates, first-class registered construction engineer, structural engineer and architect certificate, supervisor certificate, provincial registered supervision engineer certificate and national registered supervision engineer certificate.
Question 4: What is a public building? Please refer to.
People's Republic of China (PRC) national standard code for fire protection design of high-rise civil buildings (GB 50045-95 (2005 edition), code 3.0. 1.
Question 5: What does the building include? Actually, this kind of problem is very common. If you want to find information, I suggest you go to Baidu Library to collect it, but my personal opinion is that these things are how to manage all aspects of the construction site in the final analysis, right?
In the whole management system, the management system plays an auxiliary role, and more importantly, the improvement of on-site management methods. Recently, China Construction Third Engineering Group Co., Ltd. and Metropark Technology reached a cooperation agreement, and the two sides worked together to create a dynamic supervision and management model, with handheld 3G monitoring as the core support system, to create a remote real-time control and on-site management model.
It is said that it is no longer troublesome to manage ten construction sites a day. At home, in the office, you can see the live pictures in real time without going to the construction site. To tell the truth, I really admire this designer and really solved many problems for managers. You can get to know it.
Question 6: What are the classification methods of buildings? 1. Classification and characteristics of buildings.
1. Civil buildings: houses for people to live, live and engage in various cultural public welfare activities. According to their different uses, there are the following two categories:
(1) Residential buildings: refer to buildings for people's daily life, such as houses, dormitories, hotels, guest houses, etc.
(2) Public buildings: buildings for people to engage in social public activities and buildings with various welfare facilities, such as various schools, libraries and theaters.
2. Industrial buildings: the general name of various buildings and structures for people to engage in various industrial production activities. These production buildings are often called industrial workshops. Including workshops, substations, boiler rooms, warehouses, etc.
Second, according to the material classification of building structure
1. Brick-wood structure: The main load-bearing components of such houses are bricks and wood. Among them, the vertical load-bearing components such as walls and columns are made of bricks, and the floor and roof truss of horizontal load-bearing components are made of wood. This kind of structure has fewer floors and is mostly used in single-storey houses.
2. Brick-concrete structure: the walls and columns of the building are made of bricks, and the beams, floors, stairs and roofs are made of reinforced concrete, thus becoming a brick-concrete structure. This structure is mostly used in civil buildings and small industrial workshops with fewer floors (less than six floors), and it is a widely used structural form at present.
3. Reinforced concrete structure: the beams, columns, floors and foundations of the building are all reinforced concrete. Beam, floor, column and foundation form a load-bearing frame, so it is also called frame structure. The wall only plays the role of enclosure and is made of bricks. This structure is used for high-rise or long-span buildings.
4. Steel structure: beams, columns, roof trusses and other load-bearing components of the building are made of steel, and the walls are made of bricks or other materials. This structure is mostly used in large industrial buildings.
Three, according to the bearing mode of building structure classification
1, load-bearing wall structure
Its transmission mode is: the weight of the roof is borne by the roof truss (or beam column), which is supported on the load-bearing wall, and the weight of the floor slab is supported on the load-bearing wall by the beams and plates that make up the roof. Therefore, the load of the roof and floor is borne by the load-bearing wall; There is a foundation under the wall, and there is a foundation under the foundation. All loads are transferred from the wall and foundation to the foundation.
2. Frame structure
The main load-bearing system is composed of beams and columns, but the beams and columns are rigidly connected (in reinforced concrete structures, concrete is usually poured after the steel bars at the ends are welded into a whole), thus forming an integral rigid frame (or frame). Generally, multi-storey industrial workshops or large high-rise civil buildings are mostly frame structures.
3. Bending structure
The main load-bearing system consists of roof truss and columns. The roof truss is hinged at the top of the column (usually welded or bolted), and the lower end of the column is embedded in the foundation. This method is mostly used in general single-storey industrial workshops.
4. Others
Because the urban development needs to build some high-rise and super-high-rise buildings, the above structural forms are not enough to resist horizontal loads (wind load and earthquake load), so shear wall structure system and bucket structure system are developed.
Four, building height classification
According to the number of floors, buildings can be divided into the following categories.
1, lower floor: 2 floors and below.
2. Multi-layer: more than 2 layers and less than 8 layers.
3. Middle and high floors: above 8 floors and below 16 floors.
4. Top floor: 16 floor and below 24 floor.
5. Super high-rise: more than 24 floors.
Question 7: What's the difference between civil engineering and civil engineering?
High-rise buildings can be divided into residential buildings and public buildings according to their names, among which the high-rise buildings above 19 and 19 are classified into one category.
Construction; 10~ 18 floors of ordinary houses are called second-class buildings. Public buildings include hospitals, department stores, exhibition buildings, finance and trade buildings, telecommunications buildings, broadcasting buildings, provincial postal buildings, high-class hotels, important office buildings, scientific research buildings,
Libraries, archives, etc. If the height of these public buildings exceeds 50m, they can be regarded as Class I buildings. Buildings with a height of less than 50m belong to Class II buildings.
Specific contents of Class I civil construction projects and Class II civil construction projects:
A class of civil construction projects: residential buildings, office buildings, hospital wards, old buildings, kindergartens, school classrooms and other construction projects;
Class II civil construction projects: hotels, cultural and entertainment places, bookstores, libraries, exhibition halls, gymnasiums, shopping malls (shops), public transport waiting rooms, hospital waiting rooms, restaurants, barbershops and other public buildings.
Question 8: 1 What are the architectural majors? Architecture majors include civil engineering, water supply and drainage engineering, water conservancy and hydropower engineering, building environment and equipment engineering, and engineering mechanics.
2, subdivided, architectural professional categories include the following:
Architecture, civil engineering, industrial and civil architecture, water supply and drainage, engineering management, construction engineering (management), construction economic management, engineering supervision, engineering cost, construction project budget and final accounts, highway and urban road engineering, traffic civil engineering, road traffic engineering, road (engineering), bridge (engineering), tunnel (engineering), airport construction, river crossing engineering, underground engineering, urban road engineering. Housing construction engineering, architectural design (technology), urban construction, mine construction, architectural engineering technology, building construction technology, water conservancy and hydropower construction engineering, foreign-related construction engineering, building engineering management, architectural decoration engineering technology, interior design technology, China ancient building engineering technology, historical building protection engineering, environmental art design, landscape engineering (technology), basic engineering technology, building equipment engineering technology, building electrical engineering technology, municipal engineering (.
Question 9: What are the jobs in architecture? Hehe, architecture majors should be mixed and knowledge should be used comprehensively. The key is how to synthesize. This requires a process, and architecture also requires professionalism. Let me talk about it.
1, the design category includes structural and architectural design, namely architects and architects.
2. The construction category includes builder, builder and material engineer.
3. Technical engineers, technicians, safety officers, quality inspectors and archivists
4. Cost division budget officer
It is these majors that have developed.
Structural engineers, architects, builders, engineers, followed by builders, engineers, you don't have to worry about the rest, those are not developed.
Question 10: What are the construction enterprises? The following are engineering classification standards. The qualification grade of construction enterprises is generally divided according to this standard. Construction enterprises do these things. You should know when you read it!
I. General construction contract
Housing construction engineering highway engineering
Railway engineering port and waterway engineering
Water conservancy and hydropower engineering power engineering
Mining engineering smelting engineering
Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Municipal Public Works
Communication engineering electromechanical installation engineering
Second, professional contracting.
Foundation and foundation engineering earthwork
Architectural decoration engineering building curtain wall engineering
Concrete precast member of ready-mixed commercial concrete
Garden ancient architecture engineering steel structure engineering
High-rise structure engineering elevator installation engineering
Fire control facilities engineering building waterproof engineering
Attached lifting scaffold for anticorrosion and thermal insulation engineering
Prestressing engineering of metal doors and windows engineering
Lifting equipment installation engineering mechanical and electrical equipment installation
Blasting and Demolition Engineering Intelligent Building Engineering
Environmental protection engineering telecommunications engineering
Electronic engineering bridge engineering
Tunnel engineering highway pavement engineering
Highway subgrade engineering highway traffic engineering
Railway electrical engineering railway track laying and beam erection engineering
Railway electrification engineering airport track engineering
Airport air traffic control project terminal weak current system project airport visual navigation aid project
Port and coastal engineering port loading and unloading equipment installation engineering
Waterway engineering navigation construction engineering
Navigation equipment installation project water traffic control project
Foundation treatment engineering of hydraulic structures Manufacturing and installation engineering of hydraulic metal structures
Water conservancy and hydropower electromechanical equipment installation project river and lake regulation project
Dike engineering water conservancy dam engineering
Hydraulic tunnel engineering thermal power equipment installation engineering
Nuclear engineering of power transmission and transformation engineering
Melting Furnace Engineering Installation of Metallurgical Mechanical and Electrical Equipment
Chemical and petroleum equipment pipeline engineering pipeline installation engineering
Nondestructive testing engineering offshore petroleum engineering
Urban Rail Transit Engineering Urban and Road Lighting Engineering
Special professional engineering of sports facilities engineering
Third, labor subcontracting.
Subcontracting of wooden works and masonry works
Subcontracting of plastering engineering and stone making
Subcontracting of painting works and reinforcement works
Subcontracting of concrete works and scaffolding works
Template work subcontracts welding work ... >>