Scholars in Ming Dynasty are important materials for studying the imperial examination system and history in Ming Dynasty. Its layout, structure and style have a fixed format, which usually includes five parts: echo refers to Jinshi's eulogy, imperial edict and the title of deacon Jinshi, followed by the titles of Jinshi, Chuanchuan, Zhangbang, Shangyuan Xie En, Yi Kong Temple's food interpretation ceremony and imperial academy etiquette. Jinshi and their families are arranged in hierarchical order and adopt the imperial examination system. Ming dynasty; Jinshi Lu; Aftersound; Jean; Family form of Jinshi; Policy formulation; As an example of the imperial examination, The Imperial Examination Policy of Ming Dynasty is an important original document to study the imperial examination system and history of Ming Dynasty. As early as 1969, Taipei Student Bookstore printed more than 60 kinds of Ming Dynasty entrance examination videos collected by Taiwan Province Provincial Central Library and former Beiping Library into Collection of Ming Dynasty Entrance Examinations. In 2006, Tianyi Pavilion, a key publishing project in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, was officially published by Ningbo Publishing House, which will have a great and far-reaching impact on the study of the history of imperial examination system and Ming history. 1. The college entrance examination in Ming Dynasty was relatively fixed. According to the abstracts of China Rare Books in Shanghai Library and its supplements, there are some catalogues of epigraphy and Ming Dynasty as shown in table 1. As can be seen from the table 1, the format of imperial examinations in Ming dynasty changed slightly, but it was usually half a page 10, with 20 words per line. The frame height is 2 1.926. Icm, width14.115.6 cm, thick black mouth, single fish tail, left and right, one roll and one letter. In fact, the 20-word line mentioned in table 1 is not accurate. The college entrance examination of Jinshi catalogue in Ming Dynasty includes five parts: lingering sound, Rong En, Jinshi family style, Jinshi decision-making and countermeasures. Although its format is neat, the font size and number of words in each part are different. It should be noted that this part of Jinshi countermeasures occupies a considerable space in Jinshi Dunke, generally 20 words per line. Two. Zhang Chaorui, a well-known figure in the structure, Gong Ming Emperor Ju Kao Nian: Jinshi entered the subject record, the first place was the lingering sound, the second place was the honor, the second place was the family style of Jinshi, the second place was the policy, and finally the countermeasures of Jinshi. The textual research of the Jinshi structure in the Ming Dynasty is relatively fixed, and it is usually divided into five parts: echo, that is, the official name, manner, place of origin and official title of each deacon, such as palace examination's memorial service, imperial edict, reading and accepting officials, etc. Rong En is the second place, which is a series of activities, such as court exams, preaching, posting lists, thanking the above table, explaining the food ceremony in the Confucius Temple and setting up a stone in imperial academy. The status of Jinshi is the main part of the entrance examination for Jinshi. List the names of scholars by rank, including native place, composition, classic treatment, word, line, age, date of birth, great-grandfather, ancestor, father's name and official position, mother's and father's names, gifts and gifts, grandparents' and parents' living conditions, brother's name and official position, married family name, number of candidates in a certain province, and number of candidates. The imperial strategy, that is, the palace examination strategy. Jinshi countermeasures, that is, the first three Jinshi joint examination countermeasures. However, there are also special circumstances, such as Volume I: Jinshi Countermeasure and Hongjinshi Countermeasure 2 1 year. According to reports, there are three articles about Jinshi. Only in the second and fourth years of Yongle and the fourteenth year of Jiajing, there are still countermeasures for Jinshi. If you win the second and third place in three years, it will be Kim's private trip. Therefore, in the first four or eighteen years of Hongwu in the early Ming Dynasty, there was no record of Jinshi's countermeasures in both subjects, and the second-level countermeasures of Jinshi were recorded in T.

Zhang Chaorui, who was appointed as a scholar, and other officials, such as reading deacons. Every official wrote the title of the official book, which was born in the next double volume. The imperial examination in the Ming Dynasty usually records that one day, a minister of the Ministry of Rites was playing the imperial examination in Fengtianmen, and he wanted to win over a group of candidates from all over the world. On the first day of March this year, some officials, such as reading deacons, were invited to the court for examination. The origin of Jinshi is based on Gao Taizu's imperial examination qualification: the first three, the first six, the second and third seven; Second, from the seven products, given the origin of Jinshi; Third-class is eighth-class, born with Jinshi. The imperial edict is that Qin is here. Read official, write official, title, born with two letters. The first part of Rong En's Ci in Ming Dynasty is usually recorded as follows: March of a certain year. In addition, on the morning of March 1 Sunday, and later on March 15, I went to the palace to take the exam. At the Royal Fengtian Temple, let me ask you something. One day in March, all civilian and military officials will have a service class. On the same day, Royal Guards set up a halogen book in Danzhi Ji Dan, which was signed by court officials of Hongdian Temple on Fengtian Temple Road. The officials of the Ministry of Rites sent the generals out of Chang 'an's Zuo 'anmen with yellow lists and drum music. After the exhibition, Shuntianfu returned to the first place with an umbrella instrument. One day in March, the Ministry of Ritual held a banquet. After the banquet, I went to the Red Temple to practice. On the second day after March), bring one for the champion crown and one for the Jinshi precious banknote. One day in March, the champion led the scholars to give thanks. One day in March, the champion led the scholars to Confucius Temple to explain the dishes. Ministry of Industry is not required to erect a monument in imperial academy. Family description of Jinshi: The family description of Jinshi in Ming Dynasty is usually recorded as follows: he was from a province, a government, a state or a county. ) or someone. Students or students belonging to provinces, governments, states or counties, supplementary students, Guo Jian students, Confucian scholars, officials, etc. Regularity, in one sentence, a few lines, a few years, a month, a day. Great-grandfather, grandfather, father, mother, or for his wife, humble, happy, peaceful and childlike. According to the living conditions of great-grandfathers, grandfathers and parents, they are divided into five categories: Chongqing, Chongqing, Chongqing, Chongqing, Chongqing, Chongqing, Chongqing, Chongqing, Chongqing, Chongqing, Chongqing, Chongqing, Chongqing, Chongqing. Chongqing, Chongqing, Chongqing, Chongqing, Chongqing, Chongqing, Chongqing, Chongqing, Chongqing, Chongqing, Chongqing.

Then, he said, to realize the rule of harmony and harmony, it is necessary to learn from the three generations and ancestors of recent France. Finally, I earnestly warned all my classmates to be correct. I want to see what I will do. Usually sign at the end of the article, indicating the year and month. The general public examination says that the situation of Tang Yu's three generations is actually a Confucian classic of candidates, that the situation of the later Han, Tang and Song Dynasties is actually a test of history, and that the situation since I acceded to the throne is a test of candidates' views on current affairs. Therefore, the imperial examination questions in the Ming Dynasty usually focus on the history of Confucian classics before current events, which is a natural integration of Confucian classics and current events. Therefore, it is called a practical strategy. Of course, in the examination practice of the Ming Dynasty for more than 200 years, some people only talked about the history of Confucian classics and did not talk about current events, or only talked about current events and ignored the history of Confucian classics, but there were relatively few policy questions in this imperial examination. From today's point of view, the history learning policy of the Ming Dynasty in the United States is a combination of knowledge test and ability test, which is a relatively perfect examination method. There is a certain format for the beginning and end of Jinshi's countermeasures. Usually, it is initiated by ministers and often used by careless and modest ministers. They don't know taboos. They are too strict to be afraid. I want to end with one sentence. No headlines, no sentences, no comments. Write in low words, and leave empty words at the beginning. Take a few lines, put forward the main idea of the full text and outline it at a glance. Then Qin Shihuang took the opportunity to praise the emperor who was in office at that time for respecting the saints and helping the wealth, and said that the emperor was on an equal footing with the court in his spare time, and made a clear question. Then, those who answer the policy will be humble again. Although I am stupid, I dare not show my loyalty in case I can help you. Next, I will explain the countermeasures a little. Next, I will start the reading system every day and answer one question after another. When answering specific questions, start to contact current events and propose solutions. This part is the core part of the court examination. This part of the scholar also reflects his ability to observe, analyze and solve problems. Finally, Brown Sugar Brother was killed in the street. The candidate reminded the emperor that if this strategy was followed, he would be stronger than three generations and would be the best king. In addition, in the text, such as the emperor, your majesty, Chen Yan, ancestors and other words. It must be put forward separately, and there are two words: respect and dating. It only needs to be improved separately. And so on, to name a few. In addition, in terms of style, there will be some subtle differences in the list of Jinshi in several academic years. For example, in the 14th year of Jiajing, some Jinshi listed their grandmothers as surnames, such as Zhou Zongbao, the 12th, and his grandmother Lin. They all belong to the village, such as Maduo, from Dahongli, Changyong County, Fuzhou, Fujian. Some scholars also write about uncles. For example, San Caijin and his uncle Youzi gave them to Dr. Rong, Lu Shaobao and Shi Wenjing. Before Cheng Hua, only nationality was listed, not hometown. Two years, five years, eight years, eleven years, and other subjects entered Shilu, and the township sages were in the front and the service was behind. During Hongzhi's reign, servants came first and villages came last. Wait, it's not enumerable.