Shen Congwen's writing style tends to be romantic. He demanded the poetic effect of the novel, combining realism, recalling dreams and symbolism. The language style is simple, the sentence pattern is simple and steep, the trunk is prominent, simple and heavy, simple and vivid, with strong local color, which highlights the unique charm and spirit of rural humanity. The whole work is full of hidden worries and philosophical thinking about life, just like his real and tenacious life, which gives people lessons and enlightenment.
There are two kinds of novels created by Shen Congwen, one is about life in western Hunan, and the other is about urban life. The former praises the beauty of human nature by describing the primitive and natural life form of Xiangxi people; The latter reveals the loss of urban natural humanity through the corruption of urban life. The rural world in his works shows the overall pattern of opposition and mutual participation with the urban society, while the "distortion of human nature" of the upper class under the urban theme is exposed under the candlelight of the ideal of "harmony between man and nature". It is his unique value scale and philosophical speculation on connotation that constitute the bridge between urban life and rural world under Shen Congwen's pen, and it is precisely because of this criticism of "modern literature" with money as the core and his romantic ideal. The novella Border Town is Shen Congwen's masterpiece, which embodies Shen Congwen's aesthetic ideals of "beauty" and "love". Showing the beauty of human nature is his most outstanding work. The love tragedy caused by his lover, Cui Cui, the son and daughter of Xiangxi, reflects that Xiangxi can't grasp its own destiny in the face of "nature" and "personnel", and repeats a sad life from generation to generation, placing the author's cover on the nation and individuals.
Shen Congwen's works
In this novel, the girl Cui Cui is the center of the author's attention. This is the writer's ideal "daughter of nature". She doesn't have any vulgar pollution in the city, but she is as naive, lively and kind as a "small animal". The people around Cui Cui, whether they are showing off or being modest and protected by nature, whether they are generous and kind grandfathers or honest boatmen, all maintain the virtue of being a man and the purity of their hearts. By describing the love between men and women, the relationship between grandparents and grandchildren, the love between father and son, and the harmony in the neighborhood, the novel vividly shows the healthy, beautiful, simple and natural human love and beauty of the people in this border town. The novel has no intention of pursuing a tortuous and bizarre story, but focuses on depicting the inner feelings of the characters. The whole work is so simple and natural, just like the stream written by the writer, flowing along the mountain mat, either urgent or slow, without any artificial feeling. The language of the novel is also integrated with the content, which is simple, leisurely, natural and implicit, full of poetry, and every word is saturated with the warmth of the writer. Border Town is an expression of Shen Congwen's pent-up feelings. It is a "love song" that he sang to himself in order to move himself.
Shen Congwen-Evaluation of Works
Shen Congwen is a writer with ups and downs in evaluation, and even has different views on the ideological attributes of his works. Zeng Zhiqing called him "the greatest impressionist in China's modern literature", and some critics regarded him as a positivist writer and a realistic native writer. Some critics have analyzed that he is a "typical liberal Democrat among modern intellectuals", and some even classified him as an enlightener. Some commentators regard him as "the last romantic in the 20th century".
Shen Congwen's works have been translated and published by more than 40 countries such as Japan, the United States, Britain and the former Soviet Union, and have been selected into university textbooks by the United States, Japan, South Korea, Britain and other countries or regions 10, and twice nominated as candidates for Nobel Prize in Literature. Mr Shen Congwen is not only a famous writer, but also a famous historian and archaeologist. He has written and published academic monographs such as China Silk Patterns, Bronze Mirrors of Tang and Song Dynasties, Dragon and Phoenix Art, Lacquerware of Warring States Period, and Research on Ancient Chinese Costume, especially the representative work Research on Ancient Chinese Costume, which has great influence and filled a gap in the cultural history of China. Jin wrote in the introduction of the biography of Shen Congwen: "In the west, most of Shen Congwen's most loyal readers are scholars. They all think that Shen is one of the few great writers in the history of modern literature in China. It is also said that if Lu Xun is a master, then Shen Congwen can be ranked behind. " Wang Yichuan Library of China Literature Masters in the 20th Century. The reason for Shen Congwen's position is: "He made excellent use of the local conditions and customs of western Hunan to recreate China's classical poems".
Shen Congwen —— Missed the Nobel Prize
Shen Congwen's masterpiece Border Town
Shen Congwen is a legend in the history of modern literature. His works, like his hometown-Xiangxi, are simple in folk customs and beautiful in scenery, which makes people want to be close to today. In Jin's On Shen Congwen, this literary giant, who has enjoyed a good reputation in the literary world since the 1920s and 1930s, is regarded as "the first-rate modern literary writer in China, second only to Lu Xun". In the thirties and forties, when writers were keen on politics and their works became more and more thoughtful, Shen Congwen focused on the study and description of human nature. As Mr. Zhu Guangqian said, Shen Congwen's literary palace only worships human nature, which makes his works appear calm and have eternal value. His creative path is similar to that of Kawabata Yasunari in Japan. With the development of the situation, he chose silence until he died. In Shen Congwen's creative career, he described his beloved Xiangxi with notes in the first half of his life. His writing style is beautiful and moving, and he used a pen for the rest of his life, but later he became an archaeologist. All his life's works were equal, but his name was unknown for almost a long time. It was not until the 1980s that Shen Congwen's name was re-examined and his status as a literary master was recognized by the world. 198 1 year, Selected Essays of Shen Congwen and Selected Novels were published by Hunan People's Publishing House.
In Liu Zaifu's Absence of Nobel Prize in Literature and China Writers, it is mentioned that before 1949, Shen Congwen wrote more than 40 novels and essays, which are not only huge in number, but also of high literary and artistic value. As a master of China's literary world, Shen Congwen was rediscovered and recognized in 1980s, and his works were translated into Swedish by Ma Yueran, a judge in Nobel Prize in Literature, and spread overseas. Shen Congwen's novels have attracted the attention of academicians of the Faculty of Arts of Sweden University. By 1988, the conditions for Shen Congwen to obtain Nobel Prize in Literature were completely mature. It is said that at that time, the academicians of the Faculty of Literature of Sweden University had initially decided to award Nobel Prize in Literature to Shen Congwen, but unfortunately, Shen Congwen died in May this year. According to the provisions of the literature prize, the deceased can't be the winner.
Shen Congwen-Married Life
Shen Congwen and his beloved wife Zhang Zhaohe.
When Shen Congwen was young, he wrote some fashionable vernacular novels and made his mark in the literary world. Due to the introduction of the poet Xu Zhimo, he was hired as a teacher by Hu Shi, the president of China College. However, the dull Shen Congwen made a fool of himself in the first class. Zhang Zhaohe, who later became his wife, was one of the female students who saw him make a fool of himself. Zhang Zhaohe, 18 years old, won the first place in women's all-around among college students in China. She is smart, lovely and simple, and there are many suitors behind her. She sorted them into Frog No.1, Frog No.2 and Frog No.3, and Zhang Yunhe, the second sister, quipped that Shen Congwen could only be ranked as "Toad No.13". Shen Congwen dare not confess to Zhang Zhaohe. He quietly wrote his first love letter to Zhao He. Shen Congwen's love letters were sent one by one, and Zhang Zhaohe numbered them one by one, but remained silent all the time. Later, it was widely rumored in the school that Shen Congwen would commit suicide because he couldn't catch up with Zhang Zhaohe. In desperation, Zhang Zhaohe took all Shen Congwen's love letters to the principal theory, and that principal was Hu Shi. Zhang Zhaohe showed the letter to Hu Shi and said, Teachers always treat me like this. President Hu: He loves you very stubbornly. Zhang Zhaohe immediately replied: I don't love him stubbornly. Hu Shi said: I am also from Anhui. I'll talk to your father and be a matchmaker. Zhang Zhaohe immediately said, Don't talk about it. It seems that this teacher should not be like this. Without the support of President Hu Shi, we had to let Miss Shen continue to bombard her with sensational words. Shen Congwen started his marathon love letter writing.
/kloc-in the summer of 0/932, I graduated from Zhang Zhaohe University and returned to my hometown in Suzhou. Shen Congwen knocked on the door of the Zhang family with a big bag of western literary masterpieces suggested by Ba Jin, and the second sister Yunhe came out to meet the uninvited guests. This alley is very narrow. Yunhe said to Shen Congwen standing in the sun: Come in, it's sunny. Shen Congwen didn't come in. Yunhe told him that Third Sister had gone to the library and wasn't at home. Let him come in and wait. Shen Congwen said "I'll go" and left. Shen Congwen returned to the hotel, lying alone in bed thinking, full of Zhang Zhaohe's voice and smile. When Third Sister came back, Yunhe scolded her: You pretend to study hard and know that he will come today. Zhao He said: I just studied hard, so I didn't know he would come at this time. Allow and let my sister generously invite the teacher to be a guest at home. Zhao He finally got up the courage to invite Shen Congwen back. After Shen Congwen returned to Qingdao, he immediately wrote to his second sister Yunhe, asking her to ask Zhang's attitude towards marriage. He wrote in the letter: If dad agrees, let me know as soon as possible and let me, a countryman, have a sweet meal. Zhang Zhaohe's father answered enlightened: When children get married, they will take care of themselves. With this joy, the two sisters went to the post office together and sent a telegram to Shen Congwen. Yunhe's prepared telegram is: Shen Congwen Yun of Qingdao University, Shandong Province. It's simple. Zhao He's: countryman Shen Congwen, have a sweet bar. This may be the earliest vernacular telegram in China, but the post office did not accept it, but accepted it.
After being engaged to Shen Congwen, Zhang Zhaohe came to Qingdao alone and worked in the library of Qingdao University. Shen Congwen, who is absorbed in writing, has a terrible life. When Zhao He was washing clothes, he found a smashed pawn ticket. It turns out that Shen Congwen pawned a Zhao He ring, but forgot to take it back. 1On September 9th, 933, Shen Congwen and Zhang Zhaohe announced their marriage in the then Beiping Central Park, but no ceremony was held. The new house is a small courtyard in Daziying, Xicheng, Beiping. This matchmaker is Yunhe, so Shen Congwen called her "matchmaker" as soon as he saw his second sister Yunhe. Shortly after the wedding, Shen Congwen returned to his hometown of Phoenix to visit because his mother was critically ill. In his cabin, he wrote to Zhang Zhaohe in Peiping, saying, "When I leave Peiping, I plan to spend half a day writing letters and articles. But when I get to this ship, I just want to write to you, and I can't do anything else. " . Shen Congwen participated in all political movements in 1950s and 1960s, which made Shen Congwen, who was excessively depressed, fall into a morbid madness. He kept chanting "Go back to Xiangxi, I want to go back to Xiangxi". Later, with his wife's careful care and medication, Shen Congwen gradually recovered.
The feud between Shen Congwen and Ding Ling
Ding ling
Mr. Zhou
In 2009, Ding Ling's hometown Changde Hall of Fame was donated a special cultural relic-drama collection. The drama series recorded the "Ding Ling's disappearance case" that shocked China's literary world 76 years ago, and reproduced the struggle between the left-wing writers' alliance and the Kuomintang reactionaries, as well as the history of rescuing writer Ding Ling from all walks of life. Drama Collection, the official magazine of Left Alliance, was published only once. According to the available information, the other one is in Peking University Library. The cultural relic donor is Mr. Zhou, a collector in northwest Hunan who is nearly seventy years old. Mr. Zhou, born in June of 194 1, is a senior lecturer, associate professor and member of China Collectors Association. Established "New China Bookstore" and became the owner of New China Bookstore. In order to preserve these antiques reflecting Changde's history and culture, Mr. Zhou has collected them for thirty years. He has a collection of nearly 10,000 books, including about 3,000 kinds of ancient coins, bronze mirrors and ancient ceramics, and more than 0/00 kinds of fine products. He is a famous collector in northwest Hunan. Mr. Zhou devoted his life savings to the study of Changde's history and culture. After four years behind closed doors, I studied in thousands of books, wrote 136 articles, and published a book "Wuling Treasure" to interpret Changde's history and culture in kind.
Shen and Ding are both famous writers in modern times, especially Shen, whose evaluation is getting higher and higher in modern times. In the five years since the implementation of 1930, except for a short separation, the three seem to get along with each other day and night. At that time, Hu Kun was a good friend and Hu Ding was a lover. Ding Ling and Shen Congwen naturally became good friends and were fellow villagers. There are always endless words, and sometimes even the hometown dialect is in full swing. Hu Yepin can't get a word in, so he has to stand in a daze. Shen Ding's relationship was so good that Hu Yepin once suspected them. Rumors were flying all over the world, saying that three people went out together, slept together, lived together with three people, and had a close relationship, making a lot of ambiguous guesses. In fact, Shen Congwen and Ding Ling have never had a relationship between men and women, and they have never cheated. From beginning to end, both of them said in unison that they were just friends. This is credible. Hu Ding is a lover. How can Hu Yepin tolerate Shen Ding's cheating in front of his eyes? Shen Hu has always trusted, which disproves the purity of Shen Ding. At that time, we were all young writers and artists, sharing the same topic. Young people had dreams, hopes and enthusiasm, and always wanted to find a like-minded person to talk and discuss, so even if Shen Ding's personality was completely different, we could talk at that time. Later, the three of them also ran a newspaper called Red and Black together, and published several issues, which could not be done because of losses. Soon, Hu Ding joined the Left League and engaged in revolutionary work, while Shen Congwen was teaching and writing. Since then, Hu Ding and Shen have gone their separate ways.
193 1 year, Hu Yepin was arrested and killed soon. This was the famous Five Martyrs of the Left Alliance at that time. Ding Ling inherited her late husband's career and secretly joined the * * * production party. Qu Qiubai presided over the party joining ceremony. Soon she married Vonda, an underground party member translator and Smedley's secretary, but this marriage led to an unfortunate result. 1933 In May, Feng Da was arrested and given her address, and Ding Ling disappeared. Shortly after the misinformation of Ding Ling's murder, Shen Congwen wrote a 40,000-word "Remember Hu Yepin" after Hu Yepin's murder, and then created a 1 1 10,000-word "Remember Ding Ling". The friendship between Shen, Hu and Ding is touching. The drama collection donated by Mr. Zhou Lao records the "Ding Ling's disappearance case" that shocked China's literary world 76 years ago, and the history of helping Ding Ling from all walks of life. Shaojun Tu, secretary general of China Dingling Research Association, confirmed that Drama Collection is a rare historical material, which was published by Guangzhou Left-wing Drama Association, but it was banned after only one issue.
Hu and Ding's dedication to the revolution is admirable, Shen Congwen's chivalry is admirable, and the friendship between Shen, Hu and Ding is even more touching. If the story continues like this, it will be a story that attracts future generations. But unfortunately, the result was unexpected. After more than 40 years, two once close friends not only broke up completely, but also broke up in a regrettable way.
In the early days of the People's Republic of China, Ding Ling's life was beautiful, but in 56 years, after becoming a rightist, and during the Cultural Revolution, Ding Ling, who suffered from urging, published the article "Wild Women and Revolution" on 1980. In this article, Shen Congwen wrote "Remember Hu Yepin" fifty years ago, and suddenly made severe criticism: "When the author mentioned Hu Yepin and me and the relationship with the reform life in the book, . Similar nonsense, endless, not only exposed the author's ignorance and ruthlessness to the revolution. . . "Even swearing:" A coward who fears death, a philistine who cares about personal gains and losses. " It's really unbelievable that Ding Ling scolded Shen Congwen, unwittingly thinking that the author was calling a traitor and running dog with the best decission. Ding Ling's accusation is really excessive and unreasonable. Even though they did have different political views in those years, Shen Congwen did not have a correct understanding of the new-democratic revolution. After all, this is just a personal tendency. He didn't engage in any hostile work or sabotage. To get to the bottom of the matter afterwards, what role can it play besides belittling others? Did her old friend Shen Congwen cause Ding Ling's later political frustration? As a friend, Shen Congwen is extremely loyal to Hu Ding. What about Dante? After liberation, Shen Congwen was in a difficult situation because of his disagreement with the Left League. Ding Ling was a senior official at that time. Shen took her second son to visit Ding Ling and wanted to help her, but Ding Ling was not only cold to her old friend, but also turned a deaf ear to her request. Desperate Shen Congwen has been living in fear. He once had neurological problems and even committed suicide. If Shen Congwen hadn't committed suicide, Ding Ling wouldn't have paid a return visit in person.
Later generations analyzed that the main reason may be that Shen Congwen, as a bystander, described some facts in "Hu Yepin" and "Ding Ling" with deviations or even errors, which made Ding Ling feel hurt. Moreover, as a friend, in fact, Shen Congwen did not praise Hu Ding too much, which made Ding Ling unhappy fifty years later. And Ding Ling, who suffered from politics in her later life, is more concerned about her political orientation. She was the last person to mention her and Feng Da. Shen Congwen's documentary is tantamount to exposing people's creativity and privacy. After thirty years of suffering, Ding Ling became nervous, perhaps because she needed to find a breakthrough to express her political stance, perhaps because she suppressed too much indignation, or because she loved her ex-husband, so "remembering Hu Yepin" became a crime. . . . Shen Ding and his wife met each other because of misunderstanding, but in the end they turned against each other politically until they died.