Homer's epics, Eta and Odyssey, are the two most famous epics in ancient Greece. According to legend, it was written by Homer, a blind poet. It takes the hero as the center, adopts the heroic style (six-step promotion and suppression style), with lofty style, grand scale, strong drama and strong life breath.

Homer's epic is the crystallization of people's thoughts, wisdom and artistic ability. It is the best work in the history of European literature and is regarded as a model of European epic. It also provided rich materials for later literature and art and had a far-reaching impact on the development of European literature.

Aesop's Fables is a compilation of ancient Greek fables. It is said that Aesop wrote this. It mainly reflects the thoughts and feelings of the lower class civilians and slaves, and summarizes their rich struggle experience and life lessons. Its artistry is also very high, short and pithy, the metaphor is appropriate, the image is vivid, the language is refined, the meaning is profound, and it is deeply loved by the masses. It is the earliest collection of fables in Europe, which laid the foundation for fable creation in the history of European literature. Later writers often quote. Or as a theme of recreation, or as a weapon to attack tyranny and satirize the enemy.

Greek mythology mainly includes stories of gods and legends of heroes. The story of God includes the creation of the world, the birth of God, genealogy and the origin of mankind. The ancient Greek gods were selfish, willful, hedonistic, vain, contending for power and profit, jealous and vengeful, which may be shaped according to the image of slave owners and nobles. The legend of heroes, whose content is to praise the heroes of various clans and tribes who have made contributions in the struggle with nature and society, embodies the sad collective strength, wisdom and noble quality of ancient labor with extraordinary physical strength, resourcefulness, perseverance and noble morality. It provided rich materials for ancient Greek literature and art and had a far-reaching impact on the development of European literature.

Shakespeare (1564- 16 16) was the most outstanding English dramatist and poet in the European Renaissance. Marx praised him as "the greatest dramatic genius of mankind". His major achievements are drama. His major works include the historical drama Henry IV, the comedy A Midsummer Night's Dream, The Merchant of Venice, Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and Macbeth's tragedy Romeo and Juliet.

Byron (1788- 1824) is an active romantic poet in England. His major works include the long poem Childe Haller's Travels, Oriental Narrative Poems and Don Juan. His creation has a great influence on European romantic literature.

Shelley (1792- 1822) is an active romantic poet in England, whose masterpiece is Prometheus Liberated, and the lyric short poems ode to the west wind and Ode to a Lark are famous masterpieces.

Charlotte bronte (18 16- 1855) is an English writer, who wrote the famous novel Jane Eyre.

Thackeray (1811863), an English writer, is famous for his novel Fame and Fame.

Dickens (18 12- 1870) was an outstanding representative of critical realism in Britain in the 9th century. He wrote more than a dozen novels in his life, as well as many short stories, essays and plays. David copperfield is his masterpiece. Important works include Hard Times and A Tale of Two Cities. Dickens, with his high artistic generalization and vivid detail description, truly reflected the social outlook of England in the middle of19th century.

Defoe (1660- 173 1) is an English novelist. His works include Robinson Crusoe, Captain singleton and Diary of the Great Epidemic Year. Robinson Crusoe is every realistic novel in Britain, which has played a great role in the development of English novels. Defoe is known as "the father of English and European novels".

Voynich (1864- 1960) is an Irish woman writer. His masterpiece is The Gadfly.

Moliere (1622- 1673) was originally named john baptiste Boquelin, the founder of French classical comedy. He wrote 37 comedies in his life, which is one of the highest achievements among playwrights in the world. Hypocrite, Don Juan and Miser are the best comedies in the world.

Balzac (1799- 1850) is an outstanding representative of French critical realism literature in the 9th century. The masterpiece Human Comedy includes 96 novels and short stories. This book reflects the social life of France in the middle of19th century extensively and profoundly. It vividly depicts how the aristocratic class gradually perished under the corrosion and forced attack of the bourgeois nouveau riche, and mercilessly exposes and strongly criticizes the greed, meanness and ugliness of the bourgeoisie and the naked money relationship between people in capitalist society. It is one of the greatest creations in world literature and one of the most brilliant achievements of human thinking labor. Marx and Engels, revolutionary instructors, spoke highly of Balzac, saying that he "deeply understood the realistic relationship" and praised him as a master of realism. His works include Gao Laotou, Disillusionment and Eugenia Grandet.

Hugo (1802- 1885) was the leader and representative writer of the French romantic literary movement in the 9th century. His most famous works are Notre Dame de Paris and Les Miserables.

Dude (1840- 1897) was a French realistic writer in the second half of the 9th century. The representative works of novels are small things and so on. The short stories "The Last Lesson" and "Around Berlin" are well-known for their profound patriotic content and exquisite artistic skills, and have become masterpieces of short stories in the world.

Mo Bosang (1850- 1893) is a famous French novelist. He wrote more than 350 short stories, six novels, three travel notes and many literary, political and current affairs reviews. The basic theme of his works is to expose the corruption of bourgeois spirit and social atmosphere, and he is recognized as a master of short stories in the world. His famous short stories include Suicide Ball, Necklace, My Uncle Christmas and Miss Feifei. His novels are represented by Life and Beauty.

Flaubert (182 1- 1880), a French writer, wrote the novels Madame Bovary and The Emotional World.

Dumas (1802- 1870) is a French writer who wrote the novel La Traviata.

Romain rolland (1866- 1944) is a French writer. Literary creation began at the end of19th century. In the early days, he mainly wrote plays, such as Dandong and The Struggle between Love and Death. At the beginning of the 20th century, biographies of Beethoven and Tolstoy came out one after another, praising outstanding figures. After the October Revolution, his thoughts were encouraged and he fought side by side with Gorky. 193 1 bid farewell to the past. Romain rolland's masterpiece with the highest achievement is John Christophe, which is one of the greatest achievements in world literature creation in the early 20th century. He became one of the most important writers in the early 20th century and won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 19 15.

Eugè ne Porter (18 16- 1887) is a great French worker poet and a strong fighter of the Paris Commune. 1865 joined the first international and became an activist in the workers' movement. After the birth of the Paris Commune, he was elected as a member of the Commune. The day after the commune failed, he wrote the Internationale, which is an artistic summary of the historical experience of the world proletarian regime and an excellent example of proletarian art.

Stendhal (1783- 1842), formerly known as Henri Bell, is a French writer of critical realism. Red and Black is a masterpiece of critical realism, which profoundly shows the essential characteristics of social history at that time.

Pushkin (1799- 1837) is an outstanding Russian national poet, the representative of Russian positive romantic literature in the19th century, and the founder of critical realism literature. His works are rich in people's nature and are called "Encyclopedia of Russian Life". He wrote more than 800 lyric poems in his life, including the famous Ode to Freedom, Dedicated to Chaadayev, Dedicated to the Sea and Dedicated to Poets. Narrative poem "Zgang" and "Bronze Knight"; The novel The Captain's Daughter; A collection of short stories "The Story of Belgin" and representative novel "yevgeni onegin". Pushkin is "the originator of Russian literature"

Nikolai Gogol (1809- 1852) was the best Russian satirist in the first half of the 9th century. The founder of critical realism literature. The satirical comedy "An Imperial Envoy" published by 1836 is an excellent drama that criticizes realism and a milestone in the history of Russian realistic comedy. The novel Dead Soul marks the peak of his creation.

Chernyshevski (1828- 1889) is a Russian revolutionary Democrat, materialist philosopher, critic and writer. His early works include The Aesthetic Relationship between Art and Reality, and the famous novel What to Do? It is his masterpiece. Lenin called him "the only truly great Russian writer."

Lev tolstoy (1828- 19 10) is a great Russian critical realism writer in the second half of the 19th century, and is also recognized as an outstanding artist in the history of world literature. All his works amount to 93 volumes, but three landmark novels, War and Peace, Anna karenin and Resurrection, make him reach the peak of critical realism literature in Europe.

Chekhov (1860- 1904) was an outstanding Russian critical realism writer, a world-famous master of short stories and a famous playwright in the late 19th century. He devoted his life to the creation of short stories, wrote more than 470 short stories and more than a dozen plays, and is one of the best short story writers in the world. His representative works include The Man in the Trap, The Chameleon, Sorrow, Distress and Wanka. Uncle Vanya, Ivanov, Seagull and cherry orchard are all masterpieces that stir the world. He is the first person in the history of Russian literature to reach the peak of world literature with short stories as the main creative genre.

Turgenev (18 18- 1883), a Russian writer, has written short stories such as Luo Ting and Father and Son.

Gorky (1868- 1936), formerly known as Alexei Macsimovici Piskov, is a great proletarian writer and the founder of socialist literature in the former Soviet Union. He is the author of 69 volumes of the Complete Works of Gorky. Among the famous works are autobiographical trilogy "Childhood", "On Earth" and "My University". His masterpiece Mother.

Nikolai ostrovsky (1904- 1936) is a writer in the former Soviet Union. His masterpiece is the novel How Steel was Tempered. After its publication, this novel was warmly welcomed by young people. 1935 won the Lenin medal. Another novel, The Birth of the Storm, is the first volume.

Fadeev is a writer in the former Soviet Union. His novels "Destruction" and "Young Guards" are recognized as the best proletarian literature in the Soviet Union.

Mayakovski (1893- 1930) was a poet of the former Soviet Union. His masterpiece is the long poem Lenin.

Sholokhov (1905-) is a famous contemporary writer in the former Soviet Union. The masterpiece Quiet Don River 1965 won the Nobel Prize in Literature.

Goethe (1749- 1832) is a great German poet and thinker, a representative of the highest achievement in German literature, and one of the most important writers in the history of world literature. His early important works, such as the historical drama Goetz von Berliner, the poem Prometheus and the epistolary novel Young Werther, made him famous all over the world. Faust, the masterpiece, is an immortal masterpiece, which is regarded as the highest artistic achievement of1the end of the 8th century1the beginning of the 9th century in Germany.

German playwright Schiller (1759- 1805) has a famous play "Conspiracy and Love".

Heine (1797- 1856) was an outstanding revolutionary nationalist poet and political commentator in Germany in the 9th century. The long poem Germany ―― A Winter Fairy Tale is his masterpiece. Textile Workers in Silesia is his famous political poem, which for the first time created the image of a bourgeois grave digger who taught himself to bury the old system.

Whitman (18 19- 1892) was an outstanding revolutionary democratic poet in Germany in the 19th century. Leaves of Grass is his masterpiece.

Mark Twain (1835- 19 10) is an outstanding American humorist and satirist. The novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and the short story Running for Governor are his representative works. In his later years, he wrote famous articles, such as The Man Who Corrupted Fort hedley.

Hemingway (1899- 196 1), one of the most influential American writers in this century, won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. His works include A Farewell to Arms and The Old Man and the Sea.

O Henry (1862- 19 10) is an American short story writer. He wrote about 300 short stories and one novel in his life. The Police and Hymns, The Gift of Maggie, The Yellow Bird Behind and The Last Leaf are all well-conceived short stories.

Dante (1265- 132 1) is a great pioneer of the Italian Renaissance, and his masterpiece The Divine Comedy is an immortal masterpiece.

Cervantes (1547- 16 16) was an outstanding realistic novelist in Spain during the Renaissance. His masterpiece is the novel Don Quixote, and his achievement lies in shaping Don Quixote, a literary model of subjectivism divorced from reality. It is the peak of Spanish classical art and a milestone in the history of European literature.

Andersen (1805- 1875) is a Danish fairy tale writer. He wrote more than 160 fairy tales in his life, and he is one of the most outstanding fairy tale writers in the world. The Emperor's New Clothes, Nightingale, Ugly Duckling, Little Match Girl, Shadow, Old House, Mother's Story, Gardener and Master, etc. , has been included in the world's best fairy tales.

Ibsen is a Norwegian playwright. 1848 started writing and wrote 20 plays in his life. His famous works include Social Problems, A Doll's House, Ghosts, Public Enemies and other social dramas.

Fu Qike (1903- 1943) is a journalist and writer of Czechoslovakia's National Heroes. He is the author of Dear Country and other works. The report under the gallows is a long feature he secretly wrote in a fascist prison and has become a fighting work that inspires revolutionaries all over the world.

. Asian part

Tagore (1861-1941) is an Indian writer, poet and social activist. The main works are Moge and Morning Song, and famous story poems are widely circulated in India. 192 1 The Gitanjali won the Nobel Prize in Literature. He is the first Asian writer to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. His works include Gardener, Birds and Crescent Moon.

Arabian Nights is a famous collection of folk stories in ancient Arabia and an old translation of Arabian Nights. The book is full of wonderful and magnificent fantasy, but also full of realistic life atmosphere. It vividly reflects the social system, lifestyle and customs of ancient Arab countries with diverse themes and eclectic artistic techniques. There are many stories praising the excellent qualities of the working people, such as the story of the fisherman, Alibaba. However, in the long-term communication process, it is mixed with the decadent ideas of the ruling class and the backward consciousness of the people. It has been translated into various languages all over the world, widely circulated and appreciated by people all over the world, and has had a certain influence on literature, drama, music and painting in western languages.

Japanese writer Murasaki shikibu (about 978- about 10 15) has a long classic novel Tale of Genji.