Dayong was born in Imamachi, Wakayama, in the second year (AD 1522). Juvenile name and white shadow, money and children. In the seventh year of astronomy (AD 1538), he studied tea ceremony with Chen Daodao in the north and soon became a disciple of Wu Ye Shaoou. In the ninth year of astronomy (A.D. 1540), my father Yohee died at the age of 19. In the same year, it was renamed Zong Yi and its name was thrown into Shengzhai.
In the first year of Hongzhi (AD 1555), Li Xiu invited Takeno Shaoou, Imai Zongjiu and others to hold a tea party, at which Muxi's paintings were hung. Later, I set up my own tea party and participated in tea parties held by others. In the first year of Lu Yong (A.D. 1558), Li Xiu attended a tea party in Shihu, Hao San, together with Shinsuke and Imai Zongjiu. In the fifth year of Lu Yong (AD 1562), Li Xiu and Tsuda Zongda held a tea party, at which Yuan Wu Keqin's ink was hung. In the eighth year of land and water (A.D. 1565), Song Yongdan invited Li Xiu to hold a tea party in Duowenshan, Ujibashi. In the second year of Yuangui (A.D. 157 1), Su-Jae Lee Nobunaga ordered tea in front of him. In the first year of Tianzheng (A.D. 1573), Nobunaga held a tea party at Miaojue Temple in Kyoto, with Li Xiuwei as the tea head. In the third year of Tianzheng (AD 1575), 54-year-old Li Xiu officially became Nobunaga's tea head.
In August of the fifth year of Tianqing (AD 1577), Morino Rixiong opened a black tea shop in his home. In the sixth year of Tianzheng (A.D. 1578), Nobunaga traveled all over the world and visited the teahouse in Li Xiu. In the tenth year of Tianzheng (A.D. 1582), Yamazaki built the teahouse "Diane", and Nobu died in the same year.
After Nonobunaga's death, Toyotomi Hideyoshi became the heir. In June of the 11th year of Tianzheng (A.D. 1583), Li Xiu accepted Xiuji's invitation to attend a tea party in Yamazaki, and served as Xiuji's tea head in May. From then on, he was favored by Xiuji and became a contemporary celebrity. At that time, Hugh was 62 years old.
In the 13th year of Tianzheng (A.D. 1585), Xiuji held a tea party in the small palace of the palace on 10/0.7, and was knighted by Li Xiuju in the form of a promise. This topic is taken from the quotations of Zongyuan of Chunwu in Dade Temple, which means "fame and fortune * * *" or "fame and fortune". In the same year, Hideyoshi's Golden Tea Room opened in Kobayakawa Takakage (sic).
In the fifteenth year of Tianzheng (AD 1587), Su-Jae Lee Xiuzhi lived in Le Di and built nine academies and a semi-grass teahouse, realizing his own aesthetic thoughts. In June 5438+10, a large-scale tea party was held in Tianman Palace in Kitano, Kyoto, Su-Jae Lee, and tea was offered in Giant Le Di.
In the 19th year of Tianzheng (A.D. 159 1), Li Xiu began to decline due to the favorable wooden statue at the gate of Dade Temple. 13 In February, Hideyoshi ordered him to be confined in the boundary and was recalled to Kyoto on the 25th. On the 28th, Hideyoshi committed suicide by cutting her abdomen in a mansion in Quanshan Town, Jule City.
Tea was introduced into Japan from China. At first, tea was only used as medicine, not common. Tea drinking began to become a custom in Heian period, and then declined for a time, until it became popular in China in Song Dynasty, and it was spread to Japan by Rong Xi (A.D.1141215), but only between officials. After harvest, the samurai gradually ate tea, forming a "tea ceremony". Tea has developed into a kind of tea ceremony in Japan, which is a unique culture in Japan. Tea ceremony is known as "the essence of oriental spirit" and is the representative of Japanese culture. Studying tea party is a kind of knowledge of self-cultivation and social etiquette.
The so-called tea party is that many people get together to drink tea and make all kinds of feelings afterwards. It was first popular in Zen forest, and then it gradually expanded. By the Northern and Southern Dynasties, it became popular among the samurai class with the closest relationship with Zen.
In the Ashikaga Yoshimasa era (A.D. 1435- 1490), tea was very popular and the tea ceremony was very developed. Kyoto, Nara and Jiejie became the hometown of tea makers. Tea ceremony originated from the village fields of Zhuguang, passed through Shao 'ou in Wu Ye and arrived at Morino Rixiong.
Morino Rixiong combined tea with mountain spirit and created a kind of "Tuo Tea" with simplicity, simplicity and tranquility as the main body. This kind of tea party based on the idea of seclusion is contrary to the popular academic tea party in Dongshan period of Ashikaga Yoshimasa. It sweeps away the luxurious atmosphere and just invites a few confidants to pursue fun in a quiet room with a simple tea set.
At that time, Freedom City was not only a commercial city, but also a national cultural center, which gathered singers, painters, monks and Quyi artists from all over the country. It is very popular among the townspeople (businessmen) in the world to enjoy world famous things while drinking tea. Daming in the Warring States believed that the tea ceremony was a symbol of new wealth and culture, and they invited tea makers to hold tea parties. For example, in the eighth year of Lu Yong (A.D. 1565), Matsunaga Hisahide, Mayor of Wenshan, Nara, invited Rixiong Morino to hold a tea party. This water is a famous three-question water in Ujibashi, and this tea is the top grade in its tea garden. At that time, Li Xiu was 44 years old.
Three years after the Duowenshan Tea Party, a new unifier, Nobuyoshi Oda, appeared. He loves tea ceremony very much, and he has got many precious tea sets from all over the world. He also collected famous things in the world and invited tea ceremony masters from all over the world. There are three tea heads next to Nowenyong-Senno Soueki (Li Xiu), Imai Zongjiu and Tsuda Zongda. Among them, Li Xiu is not only a tea head, but also a businessman active in the world.
After Nobunaga's death, Toyotomi Hideyoshi inherited the great cause of reunification. Hideyoshi also likes the tea ceremony, likes the tea set left by the stroll, continues to take Li Xiu as the tea head, and enjoys the tea ceremony with Li Xiu every day. Li Xiu is a link between the past and the future, making the luxurious tea style in the past lonely and leisurely, and becoming a means of recuperation. People who come to the tea party hope to go beyond the secular world and enter the realm of physical and mental purity, and demand that the tea room have a natural style in the mountains. Compared with the rich, Jiaocheng has prosperous business and noisy streets, and needs a quiet and beautiful environment to eliminate tension and relax. The purpose of entering the teahouse is to recuperate the body and mind. Therefore, Li Xiu has created the so-called "urban mountain residence"-a teahouse that takes quiet in the noise.
Now, as the most reliable teahouse in Li Xiu, it is the "Diane" teahouse in Miaoxikou, Shan Zhi. It is not attached to Miaoxi Temple, but an independent building. In the tenth year of Tianzheng (AD 1582), after defeating the rebels in Akechi Mitsuhide at Tianwang Mountain, Toyotomi Hideyoshi built a city in Yamazaki, built a transportation hub at the foot of Tianwang Mountain, and entrusted Li Xiujian to build a teahouse. It is a rustic house with a simple interior, which was completed from October to March in ten years.
The most advanced tea set is hanging shaft, mainly ink. Li Xiu put the vertical axis in the middle of the tea party, showing the spirit of tea. The ink is mostly Zen monks, and Yuan Wu Keqin's ink is mostly hung on young people.
In the past, the work of making tea was done by low-ranking tea makers, so the place to make tea was in the room outside the teahouse or in the corner of the corridor. Later, businessmen in the world made their own tea, and when Li Xiu became the "best master in the world", making tea was no longer humble. Not surprisingly, Tiger Toyotomi Hideyoshi made his own tea. Then, the stove placed in the adjacent room appeared in front of the guests. At first, it was placed in a corner of the teahouse, called "corner furnace"; Later, the guest-oriented stove was called "opposite stove"; Then put it outside the straw mat, which is called "baking".
In a word, Gan Lixiu developed Murata's so-called "harmony with Han"-the combination of perfect "Han" and incomplete "harmony" with rough beauty, and reached the simple beauty of pure Japan-"harmony, respect, purity and silence".
In the 13th year (1585) 10.7, Toyotomi Hideyoshi held a tea party in the imperial palace, offering tea to the emperor of Qin Zheng-CHO, and prepared to be the minister of Zheng Tai Guan Bai at the tea party, and changed his surname to "Toyotomi". This tea party is a symbol of the close combination of Ju (imperial court) and Tong (Xiuji) on the road of Xiuji's hegemony. This palace tea party is a stage for Li Xiu, the tea head of Xiuji, to play a role, which established his position in the world tea industry. On the morning of 10, Hideyoshi arrived at the palace and first offered tea to the emperor. Li Xiu followed Hideyoshi to offer tea to the emperor and officials. The tea sets used are precious Tang wares "Xintianshouchong", "Shouchong at the First Flower" and "Songhua", among which "Songhua" is the most valuable, and it is said to be worth 400,000 stones, which is equivalent to the territory of one or two countries in Japan at that time (Japan was divided into 66 countries at that time), and it is priceless. This tea party can be said to be the highest-profile tea party in Li Xiu's life, and it was from this time that he was given the title of "Li Xiu" by the emperor. Previously, he had been using his real name Senno Soueki.
After the palace tea party, Li Xiu not only became a master, but also became a confidant of Xiuji politically, with certain influence. 15 Palace Tea Party is the golden age of Li Xiu, which enjoys a lofty position in politics, but there are tragic factors lurking in it.
1587 In September, Xiuji's Giant Le Di was completed, and a confidant's mansion was built near Giant Le Di. Li Xiu also built a house in front of the Oath Temple in Quanyamamachi, and Hideyoshi often went to Jiuwen Academy in Li Xiu for tea.
In this year, the situation around Li Xiu changed dramatically, and Toyotomi Hideyoshi was worried about invading North Korea and China. Based in Kyoto and Osaka, he conquered Shimadzu, Kyushu Island, and invited Hakata businessmen to hold a tea party for about a month. Hideyoshi met Hakata businessmen because he wanted to use Hakata as a base for invading North Korea. As a result, the status of businessmen in the industry declined, especially Li Xiu, who was close to Xiuji with the background of business entry forces, and Li Xiu did not attend the tea party for Hakata businessmen.
One of the students in Li Xiu is Shan Zonger, who is 20 years younger than Billy Hugh. He has a free and uninhibited personality. Thanks to Li Xiu's recommendation, he is the tea head of Xiuji. Later, in the conversation, Hideyoshi was offended, and he was exiled. Finally, he took refuge in Odahara's North Island family.
North Island's forces in Kanto and Northeast China resisted Toyotomi Hideyoshi's hegemony. So in the eighteenth year of Tianzheng (AD 1590), he attacked the North Island of Odahara, surrounded Odawara City, and brought folk artists and tea makers from Kyoto to prepare for a protracted war. One day, Shan Zong II sneaked out of Odawara City and went to Hideyoshi. Li Xiu helped him and was finally taken in by Hideyoshi. However, Zong Er on the hard-core Hanshan angered Hideyoshi with words and was executed in Odahara after Hideyoshi cut off his ear.
On the mountain, Zonger respected his teacher Morino Riya very much, saying that Zong Yi's tea ceremony (Morino Riya) was also holly, which was useless to ordinary people. Indeed, Morino Rixiong's tea ceremony is unique and different from society. It wantonly destroys social laws and fundamentally shakes the order of beauty. Its spirit is the spirit of the Warring States period. There is a spiritual rift between Xiuji, who is in the highest ruling position and emphasizes hierarchical order, and Li Xiu, who does not recognize authority and order. The rift between the two is even more disparity in the position of Odahara.
Taking the Odahara position incident as an opportunity, the surrounding environment of Li Xiu began to change. Originally, everyone was disgusted with Li Xiu's autocracy, but because Li Xiu fell out of favor, these antipathy suddenly broke out.
The decline of Li Xiu under the Xiuzhi regime was due to the decline of the circle supporting Li Xiu, and Zhanshan, as a commercial city, was gradually declining, and Bodo took its place. At the same time, Hakata's tea makers Shinya Zongzhan and Ishimai Zongshi were valued by Hideyoshi, replacing brand-new tea makers Tsuda Zongda and Imai Zongjiu. Politically, Ishida Mitsunari and Maeda Gen'i, who advocated invading the DPRK, opposed Tokugawa Ieyasu and Pusheng Township, which advocated internal governance, while Li Xiu belonged to the separation of powers. Hideyoshi's brother Hideyoshi skillfully balanced the opposition between the two factions. However, in the 19th year of Tianzheng (AD1591) 65438+1October 22nd, the show died in Yamato Prefecture, which broke the balance between the two factions and even led to the inevitable fate of Li Xiu's caesarean section. On 26th, the fourth day after Toyotomi Hideyoshi's death, Toyotomi Hideyoshi's disciple Ueda presided over a tea party in Toyotomi Hideyoshi, which ruled out the ceremony, but it was not officially broken.
159 1 leap year1October, the Dade Temple Gate incident occurred, and the rupture of Xiuzhi and Mori Norikyō was superficial. It turned out that after the gate of Dade Temple was burned down in Ren Ying and the chaos of civilization, Master Lian Ge donated money to rebuild it in the second year of Luxiang (1529). However, Zong Chang was punished for collecting Tales of Genji. Although I did my best, I still lacked funds and only built a layer of mountain gates. Later, the patriarch planned to raise funds for reconstruction, and Li Xiu responded to his call to donate money for his late father's funeral. /kloc-completed by the end of 0/7. The rebuilt mountain gate is very luxurious. At the request of Li Xiu, the abbot of Dade Temple, Chunwu Zongyuan, painted a portrait of the provider on the mountain gate, praising Li Xiu's merits and demerits. Two years later, Li Xiu was impeached on the grounds that there was a wooden statue of Li Xiu on the gate. Hideyoshi also accused the statue of Li Xiu wearing a bamboo skin exhibition (for snow) of being disrespectful on the mountain gate; There are other purposes to put the statue of the great benefactor on the mountain gate.
Some people say that Li Xiu made a fortune selling porcelain. For example, in the sixteenth year of Tianzheng, he bought a dish of wok from Ye Ping Road with 30 gold coins and sold 50 gold coins to Xiuji. At the same time, Li Xiu is the best tea maker in the world, and there must be many things that he needs to identify and mediate tea set transactions. It is not difficult to imagine that he will benefit from it, so he will be envied by others and sow discord in front of Hideyoshi.
The cause of Li Xiu's death has always been a mystery. I think the incident at the entrance of Dade Temple and selling tea sets are just the fuse. The real cause of death lies in the spiritual gap between Li Xiu and Hideyoshi, the decline of world cities and the abandonment of world businessmen. At the same time, Xiuji's aesthetic view of "Golden Tea Room" advocating luxury is incompatible with Li Xiu's aesthetic view of "Cao An Tea Room" advocating lightness. It made the spiritual gap between them deeper and deeper, and finally broke up completely, from love to hate, from hate to death, which was the cruel means of the rulers in history.
In order to avoid disaster, Li Xiu turned to others for help. Hosokawa Morihiro Miyake interceded for him, and Maeda Toshiie also advised Hideyoshi to calm down, but all failed. Gan Lixiu also held a tea party to entertain Tokugawa Ieyasu and invited him out to solve the problem, but it didn't work. Finally, on1591February 13, Xiuji sent messengers tomita Zuojin and Tuozhi Zuojing to order Li Xiu to be sent back to human imprisonment.
Tomita and Tazhi, tea friends of Mori Night, advised him to leave Kyoto and return to the world. Li Xiu arrived in Dianchuan by boat, and only his two apprentices Hosokawa Sanzhai and Yoshida Weaving Department sent him to the dock in Dianchuan.
On February 25th, unexpectedly, things suddenly changed. Li Xiu's wooden statue was taken down from the gate of Dade Temple and beheaded on a Kiyobashi in Kyoto. Sen no Rikyū was also recalled from the border to the capital and underwent caesarean section.
On February 28th, Li Xiu committed suicide by caesarean section, leaving a poem:
The world is seventy, try to be stupid.
My sword was killed by Zufo.
I must bring a big knife long enough.
Only at this time do I throw it to God.
On the day of Li Xiu's suicide, it rained cats and dogs, thunder and lightning, and there was hail in Kitano Fangguan! Senorikino has three tombs; The first one is in the Hall of Glory, which was built in the middle of17th century. The second temple is Nanzong Temple, which was built in the 13th year of Lu Yuan (A.D. 1700). The third one is behind the opening tower of Dade Temple.
After Li Xiu's caesarean section, his son Dao An, his adopted son Shao An, his grandson Zong Dan, his wife Zong En and his daughters were all exiled to various places. Later, they were pardoned and played a thousand tea ceremony traditions. At present, there are 3,000 descendants, including Qian Qian, Li Qianqian Jin Mu, soldier Lu Xiaoqian and Guan Anxiu.
Mori no Rikyū is a tea artist with a businessman background, but the ceremony of cutting the belly of the samurai has a great influence on people. This shows that the existence of Mori no Rikyū has surpassed the status of tea makers. Although Li Xiu passed away, his tea ceremony was inherited by Miyake and Yoshida of Hosokawa Morihiro, and the tea ceremony in Li Xiu was recreated.