The development of history
Museum type
International Museum Day
The best museum
chinese museum association
Museum-related books
To some extent, understanding the past and present of a place begins with the museum. Museum is a history of materialization. People overlook the ups and downs of history through the dialogue between cultural relics and history and the barrier of time and space. Since childhood, this is an important witness to the long history of the local area; In a great sense, this is the spiritual bond to maintain the unity and unity of the Chinese nation. Museums are not only places for citizens to learn culture, but more importantly, they should be one of the main places for citizens to relax. Knowledge is somewhat secondary. The main purpose of coming to the museum is to enjoy the rare quiet and elegant atmosphere and relax the tense heartstrings in work and study. Cultural relics in museums are displayed, displayed, publicized and served, which realizes the dialogue between history and modern people and becomes an important part of urban cultural facilities. Museums play a very important role in the management of human cultural heritage and natural heritage.
[Edit this paragraph] The development of history
Museum phenomenon originated from people's collection consciousness. More than 4000 years ago, the rulers of Egypt and Mesopotamia paid attention to finding treasures and treasures.
In the 4th century BC, Alexander the Great of Macedonia, in the military action of building a great empire across Europe, Asia and Africa, handed over many precious works of art and rare antiquities collected and plundered to his teacher Aristotle for sorting out and studying. Aristotle used these cultural heritages to teach and spread knowledge. After Alexander's death, his subordinate Ptolemy Soto established a new dynasty, continued to fight in the south and north, and collected more works of art. In the third century BC, Ptolemy Soto established a Muse Temple in Alexandria, Egypt, to collect cultural treasures. This "Muse Temple" is recognized as the earliest "museum" in human history. The word museum evolved from the Greek word "muse".
Different from the museum we see today, the Muse Temple is actually a specialized research institution, with a hall research room displaying astronomical, medical, cultural and artistic collections, where scholars gather for research work. Legend has it that Archimedes, a famous physicist who discovered the law of buoyancy when taking a bath, and Euclid, a famous mathematician, are both engaged in research work here.
The Muse Temple, the earliest museum in human history, was destroyed by war in the 5th century.
Modern museums appeared in the late17th century. In the18th century, there was an English doctor, hans sloane, who was a collector with a wide range of interests. In order to make his collection "complete and inseparable" forever, he decided to donate nearly 80 thousand pieces of his collection to the British royal family. The royal family decided to build a national museum. 1753, the British Museum was established, becoming the first large museum open to the public in the world.
1946, the international museum association was established in Paris, France. 1974, the association defined the orientation of the museum, and public welfare became its primary responsibility.
Since 1977, the International Association of Museums has designated May 18 as "International Museum Day" every year, and determined a theme every year. This year is the 22nd International Museum Day, with the theme of "Museums-Bridges to Communicate Cultures".
No matter how splendid civilization people have had before, they will all be lost in the dust of history without exception. Human beings are constantly creating civilization, but civilization cannot live forever-this is an eternal law. However, we can still find traces of these civilizations in some way, and this way is the museum.
There is another saying: as a word, "natural history" first appeared in Shan Hai Jing, which means that many things can be identified; Shangshu said that knowledgeable and knowledgeable people are "natural history gentlemen"; "Han Shu Chu Yuan Wang Chuanzan" also has the meaning of "learning from others and reaching the ancient and modern". /kloc-In the second half of the 9th century, China imitated Japanese and began to use the word "natural history" as the name of a subject. "Natural History" includes knowledge of animals, plants, minerals and physiology.
"Museum" and "Museum" as a word as a cultural and educational institution appeared relatively late in China, only more than one hundred years. The word "natural history" in Japanese comes from the word "museum" commonly used in English, French and German, while this word from Latin comes from the word "mez" in Greek, which means the place dedicated to the nine goddesses in charge of poetry, dance, music, art and science in Greek mythology.
In ancient Greece, there was also an institution dedicated to the preservation of treasures, similar to the nature of modern museums. This is a collection organization dedicated to preserving printed matter, jewels, royal flags and scepters and other precious decorations. This treasure house has also been found in other European countries. Until the Renaissance, with the expansion of the collection, some primitive treasures gradually used the popular Latin museum at that time. In Munich, Germany, two museums with different names have existed for a long time. With the changes of the times and the development of social education, the museum with a changed name and expanded scale gradually replaced the original treasure house and eventually became a popular museum open to the masses today.
[Edit this paragraph] Museum type
With the development of social culture and science and technology, the number and types of museums are increasing. The classification of museums is mainly based on the nature and characteristics of museum collections, exhibitions and educational activities. Secondly, it is the source of funds and the clients.
■ Foreign museums
Foreign museums, mainly western museums, are generally divided into four categories: art museums, history museums, science museums and thematic museums.
▲ Art museums, including painting, sculpture, decorative art, practical art and industrial art museums. There are also museums, including antiques, folk customs and primitive art. Some art galleries also display modern art, such as movies, plays and music. World-famous art museums include Louvre Museum, Metropolitan Museum of Art and Tashi Museum in Elmy.
▲ Historical museums, including museums of national history and cultural history, and museums built on archaeological sites, historical sites or ancient battlefields also belong to this category. The National Museum of Anthropology in Mexico and the National Museum of Anthropology in Peru are famous historical museums.
▲ Science museums, including natural history museums. Museums covering celestial bodies, plants, animals, minerals and natural sciences, as well as practical and technical sciences also belong to this category. The British Museum of Natural History, the American Museum of Natural History and the Discovery Palace in Paris all belong to this category.
▲ Featured museums, including open-air museums, children's museums and local museums. The latter covers the nature, history and art of this area. Famous ones include Brooklyn Children's Museum and Scanson Open-air Museum.
▲ The International Museum Association classifies zoos, botanical gardens, aquariums, nature reserves, science centers and planetariums, as well as long-term storage institutions and exhibition halls in libraries and archives.
■ China Museum
Before Shanhaiguan Great Wall Museum 1988, China Museum was divided into three categories: specialized museums, memorial museums and comprehensive museums, and the National Bureau of Statistics published development figures according to these three categories.
The competent departments and experts of China Museum believe that at this stage, it is appropriate to divide China Museum into four types: history, art, science and technology and comprehensive according to the classification commonly used in the world and the actual situation in China:
▲ Historical museums display their collections from a historical perspective, such as China History Museum, Chinese Revolution Museum, Xi 'an Banpo Ruins Museum, Qin Shihuang Terracotta Warriors Museum, Quanzhou Overseas Traffic History Museum, Jingdezhen Ceramic History Museum, Beijing Lu Xun Museum, Shaoshan Mao Zedong Memorial Hall, and the First National Congress of China Producers' Party.
▲ Art museums mainly display the artistic and aesthetic values of the collections, such as the Palace Museum, Nanyang Han Painting Museum, Guangdong Folk Crafts Museum, Beijing Dazhong Temple Ancient Bell Museum, Xu Beihong Memorial Hall, Tianjin Theatre Museum, etc.
▲ Museums of Nature and Science display nature in a classified, developed or ecological way, and display macro or micro scientific achievements in a three-dimensional way, such as geological museum, Beijing Museum of Natural History, Zigong Dinosaur Museum, Taiwan Province Insect Science Museum, Science and Technology Museum, and Liuzhou Bailiandong Cave Science Museum.
▲ Comprehensive museums comprehensively display local natural, historical, revolutionary and artistic collections, such as Nantong Museum, Shandong Provincial Museum, Hunan Provincial Museum, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Museum, Heilongjiang Provincial Museum and Gansu Provincial Museum.
[Edit this paragraph] International Museum Day
May 18 is International Museum Day. The word "museum" comes from the Greek word "the peace of the muse", which means "the place where the muse is sacrificed". Muse is the general name of nine goddesses in charge of science and art in Greek mythology. They were in charge of history, astronomy, epics, love poems, lyric poems, tragedies, comedies, hymns and dances, representing all the cultural activities in Greece at that time.
197 1 year, the international museum association held a meeting in France, and discussed the relationship between the cultural and educational functions of museums and the future of mankind in view of the development of today's world. From 1977, in order to promote the healthy development of the global museum industry and attract the public's understanding, participation and attention to the museum industry, the International Museum Association has designated May 18 as the International Museum Day from 1977, and determined the theme of its annual activities.
5 18 Theme of International Museum Day:
The theme of 1992 is "Museums and Environment".
The theme of 1993 is "museums and indigenous people".
The theme of 1994 is: Behind the scenes in the museum.
The theme of 1995 is "Response and Responsibility".
The theme of 1996 is: collect today for tomorrow.
The theme of 1997 is "Combating illegal trafficking in cultural property".
1998 The theme is "Combating illegal trafficking in cultural relics".
The theme of 1999 is "the fun of discovery".
The theme of 2000 is "Museums promote peace and social harmony".
The theme of 200 1 is "Museum: Building Community".
The theme of 2002 is "Museums and Friends".
The theme of 2004 is "Museums and Intangible Heritage".
The theme of 2005 is "Museum-a Bridge for Cultural Exchange".
The theme of 2006 is "Museums and Youth".
The theme of 2007 is "Museums and World Heritage"
The theme of 2008 is "Museums as agents of social change and development".
[Edit this paragraph] The most famous museum
▲ The largest museum in the world: Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., USA. Including 16 Museum and 1 National Animal Park, it is known as the best in the world. It has 65.438+0.4 billion exhibits and more than 6,000 employees.
▲ The largest natural history museums: The British Museum of Natural History in London and the American Museum of Natural History in new york are internationally recognized as one of the largest natural history museums in the world. Although the British Museum of Natural History was built 1 16 years earlier than the American Museum of Natural History, it has surpassed the British Museum of Natural History and is one of the largest museums in the world in terms of base area, exhibition content and audience number.
The American Museum of Natural History has an extremely rich collection of animal specimens and other treasures, which is a solid foundation for the museum to carry out scientific research and publicity. For example, the museum has more than 800,000 bird specimens from all over the world, and hundreds of dinosaur bone specimens are placed in the dinosaur finishing room.
▲ One of the most beautiful museums: 1997, a groundbreaking architectural masterpiece was born in Bilbao, a medium-sized city in Spain. With its wonderful appearance, unique structure and brand-new materials, it immediately attracted the attention of the whole world and was exclaimed by the press as "a miracle", calling it "the most meaningful and beautiful museum in the world". It is the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao.
▲ The country with the most museums: No country can match the number of museums in Britain, especially London. Britain is the favorite of museum fans and the first country to exhibit modern museum science, with the highest museum density in the world. The museum is obsessed with London. If you are not at home, you must be on your way to the library. There are more than 200 museums in London alone, many of which are free. The British Museum has been open to the public free of charge since its establishment. Paralyzed in the city, I can slowly regain my delicate observation and feel the instinct of art and life in the museum. You will benefit a lot.
▲ The five major museums in the world: French Louvre, British Museum, Metropolitan Museum of America, Russian hermitage museum and China Palace Museum are the five major museums in the world. Among them, the first four are world-recognized museums with worldwide collections of cultural relics.
△ Louvre: This world-famous art hall was built at the end of 12. It was the castle of the French royal family at that time and was used as the national treasury and archives. Later, after a series of expansion and repair, it gradually became a grand palace with Renaissance style. From the16th century, Francois I began to collect various works of art on a large scale, and later emperors continued this tradition and enriched the collection of the Louvre. On August 1793, the Louvre Art Museum officially opened to the public and became a museum. At present, the museum has collected 400,000 works of art, including sculptures, paintings, arts and crafts, ancient orient, ancient Egypt, ancient Greece and Rome. 198 1 year, the French government carried out a large-scale renovation of this exquisite building, and the Louvre has since become a professional museum. Its art collection is rich in variety and high in taste, making it world-class. Among them, the most important three treasures of the town palace are well known to the world: Venus, the Mona Lisa of Leonardo da Vinci and the goddess of victory of Samotra. So far, the Louvre has become a world-famous art hall. There is a transparent pyramid building at the entrance of the Louvre, and its designer is the famous Chinese-American architect I.M. Pei.
△ British Museum: British Museum, British Museum, founded in 1823. Her exhibition hall contains treasures that best represent British art and literature, as well as many extremely precious documents and manuscripts, such as the original of the British Magna Carta and the original of Shakespeare's manuscript. There are historical sites in Egypt, West Asia, the East, Greece, Rome and Britain. There are "trophies" of the British dynasty, such as the Little Sphinx of Egypt, Elgin marble from the goddess of Athens and so on; In addition, we also collected folk information, artworks and unearthed cultural relics from China, India and other countries with a long history. You can see many China antique calligraphy and paintings in the porcelain showroom. Most of these cultural relics were plundered by the British and French allied forces and Eight-Nation Alliance when they invaded China. The collection of Oriental Art Museum is mostly China cultural relics, reaching more than 20,000 pieces. Among them, the red pottery bowl in banpo village more than 6,000 years ago, the jade knife and Yu Fu in the Neolithic Age, the bronzes in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the porcelain, jade, lacquerware, paintings and sculptures from Qin and Han Dynasties to Ming and Qing Dynasties, and even the two big stone lions at the back door of the museum are all fine works of art in China. There are also a large number of Buddhist paintings plundered by Stan from Dunhuang Tibetan Sutra Cave. The most famous Chinese painting in its collection is The History of Women by Gu Kaizhi, a great painter in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. This is a famous masterpiece, which occupies a high position in the history of China painting. This work was brought to Britain in 1900 when Eight-Nation Alliance invaded Beijing. Its library is famous for its rich collection of books. Every book in England is kept here. In fact, you can find all the publications in this country here. In addition, there are many precious editions and precious manuscripts from various countries. This library is the best place to study, and Marx's Das Kapital was completed here. In the British Library, there are more than 60,000 kinds of China ancient books, including the earliest edition of Paramita Classic in China, 45 volumes of Yongle Grand Ceremony, court archives, bamboo slips, China woodblock printing, Dunhuang manuscripts 1 10,000 volumes.
△ Metropolitan Museum
The Metropolitan Museum of New York is the largest museum in the United States, built in 1870. The whole museum is a building, covering an area of 8 hectares, which is19 of the Forbidden City in Beijing, but the exhibition area is very large, no less than 24 hectares, twice that of the Forbidden City. The Metropolitan Museum claims to be the largest museum in the western hemisphere, with more than 200 galleries and more than 3 million pieces of various cultural relics and artworks. The content is rich and colorful, reflecting the American style with sufficient funds and high style. In BC 15, the complete Egyptian temple was relocated in the giant glass cover in the hall specially built by the museum, with a total weight of 800 tons. It is said that in order to ensure the original appearance, each brick is labeled, which is very magical and can be described as the treasure of the town hall. The Fashion Museum is also the best in the world, with a collection of/kloc-0.5 million pieces of national costumes from five continents in the past four centuries. Suzhou Garden in Xuan Ming, China, which was built by skilled craftsmen in Suzhou in September 198 1 2000, was also replicated in the North Hall on the second floor of the main building of the museum. This may be a typical "cultural transplant", which is very attractive to the audience. In order to avoid crowding, a special route is stipulated to enter the park, and the number of people is controlled by the timed elevator. There are cornices, carved beams, fish ponds, pavilions, indoor couplets, dusters, square tables and plush chairs in the park. Except for Xuan Ming, the interior furnishings of Britain, France and West from 14 to 18 centuries were arranged according to time and country. Although they are all equally magnificent, French painted roofs, English fireplaces and Spanish-style furniture are still branded with the marks of different times and different nationalities. The museum also has a large collection of cultural relics and artworks from China, especially some Buddha statues and murals. Visitors can also enjoy some precious ancient China paintings in the museum, such as White Night Map by Han Gan in the Tang Dynasty.
△ Amitash Museum
The Winter Palace is one of the largest and oldest museums in the world. This palace was designed by the famous architect Rastrelli. It was originally the private museum of Queen Catherine II. 1764, Catherine II bought 250 paintings by Rembrandt and Rubens from Berlin and deposited them in the Hermitage of the Winter Palace (which means "hidden palace" in French), hence the name. The Winter Palace was built between 1754 and 1762, burned by fire in 1837, rebuilt between 1838 and 1839, and was destroyed again during World War II. It was carefully restored after the war. The palace has three floors, about 230m long,140m wide and 22m high. It is a closed rectangle with an area of 90,000 square meters and a building area of more than 46,000 square meters. The four sides of the Winter Palace have their own characteristics, but the interior design and decoration style are strictly unified. There is an inner courtyard in the quadrangle palace, which faces the Palace Square, the Naval Command and neva river on three sides, and is connected with the Little Hermitage Palace on the fourth side. On the side facing the Winter Palace Square, the center is slightly prominent, with three arched iron gates and a group of Atlas colossus at the entrance. There are two rows of colonnades around the Winter Palace, which are magnificent. The palace is beautifully decorated, and many halls are decorated with Russian gems-malachite, jasper and agate products. For example, the malachite hall used 2 tons of malachite, and the parquet floor used 9 weights of precious wood. Amitash is the largest and most distinctive baroque building in St. Petersburg. Its integrity and brilliance are impressive, and its decoration is rich. The decorative frame and relief decoration on the window give people strength, the columns are arranged regularly, and the wall is matched with white and green, which makes the dragon look varied and lifelike. 19 17 Before February, the Winter Palace was always the palace of the tsar, and was later occupied by the bourgeois provisional government. 1917165438+1October 7 (65438+1October 25), the uprising people captured the Winter Palace. After the October Revolution, the original palace and the whole Winter Palace were placed under the jurisdiction of Tashi, Elmy. 1922, the National Tashi Museum in Elmi was formally established, and the Winter Palace became a part of the museum. The surface of the Winter Palace of 1946 is painted with the original sapphire color. The museum now includes five buildings: Winter Palace, Amitash, Old Amitash, Amitash Theatre and New Amitash. At present, the museum is divided into eight parts: Primitive Culture Department, Ancient Greece and Rome Department, Oriental Ethnic Culture Department, Russian Cultural History Department, Ancient Coin Department, Western European Art Department, Science Education Department engaged in tour guide work and Works Restoration Department. There are more than 2.7 million pieces in the eight departments, including prehistoric culture and Egyptian art collections, as well as a large number of oil paintings and sculptures from Italy, Spain, Germany, Britain, Russia, Belgium, the Netherlands and France. Among them, there are 6,543,800 paintings, 6,543,800 sculptures, 600,000 line drawings, 6,543,800 coins and badges, and 224,000 ancient furniture, porcelain, gold and silver products, precious stones and ivory handicrafts. These handicrafts are displayed in more than 350 exhibition halls, such as Picasso's three-dimensional painting exhibition hall, Italian and French painters exhibition hall, Russian clothing exhibition hall and so on. All the exhibition halls have their own characteristics, the most striking of which is the exhibition hall of Peter the Great, where a large number of articles for Peter the Great are displayed, many of which are made by himself. In a glass cabinet in the exhibition hall, there is a wax figure of Peter the Great, and his hair is the real hair of Peter the Great himself. There is a wooden pole next to the portrait, and a line is engraved on the top of the wooden pole, which is more than two meters high, indicating that Peter the Great is more than two meters tall. Like the Forbidden City in China, the collection is extremely rich, so if tourists want to visit all the exhibition halls, I'm afraid it will take less than a month.
△ Palace Museum
The Palace Museum is a comprehensive museum in China, which was established on the basis of palaces and their collections in Ming and Qing Dynasties. From 65438 to 0987, the Forbidden City was listed as a "World Cultural Heritage" by UNESCO. According to China's ancient astrology theory, Ziweiyuan (i.e. Polaris) is located at the zenith where the Emperor of Heaven lives, corresponding to heaven and man. According to the emperor's residence, it is also called the Forbidden City. After the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty seized the throne, Judy decided to move the capital to Beijing and began to build the palace, which was completed in the 18th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1420). 19 1 1 year, the Revolution of 1911 overthrew the last feudal monarchy in China-the Qing Dynasty. 1924, the emperor Puyi was expelled from the palace. For more than 500 years, 24 emperors lived here and ruled the whole country.
The Forbidden City is surrounded by a wall with a height of 10m and a moat with a width of 52m. It is 96 1m long from north to south and 753m wide from east to west, covering an area of 780,000 ㎡. There are gates on all sides of the city wall, and the layout of palaces in the city extends along the central axis to the east and west sides. Red walls and yellow tiles, colorful buildings and carved beams, resplendent and magnificent. The halls and terraces are patchwork and magnificent. The southern half is centered on the three halls of Taihe, Zhonghe and Baohe, and flanked by the two halls of Wenhua and Wuying. It is the place where the emperor held a court meeting, which is called "the former court". The northern half is centered on Gan Qing, Jiaotai, Kunning Palace, Dongxiugong and Imperial Garden. It is the place where emperors and queens live, hold sacrifices and religious activities, and deal with daily affairs, which is called "post-bedroom". The total building area of the front and rear palaces is163,000m2. The layout of the whole palace is rigorous and orderly, and every inch of bricks and tiles follow the feudal hierarchical etiquette system, which embodies the supreme authority of the emperor. 1925 10 The Palace Museum was formally established in June 10. According to the preliminary inventory, there are more than1170,000 pieces of cultural relics left by the Qing court, which are listed in the book "Inspection Report of Clean Room Rehabilitation Committee" published by 1925. It can be said that the treasure is precious and precious, and the wealth of the whole world is gathered here. In addition, there are a large number of books, classics and documents. To this end, the Palace Museum has an Antiquities Museum, a Library and a Literature Museum, which respectively organize manpower to continue sorting out cultural relics.
On the eve of the full-scale outbreak of World War II, in order to protect the cultural relics in the Palace Museum from war damage or Japanese imperialist plunder, the Palace Museum decided to adopt the policy of moving cultural relics south to avoid the enemy. 1933 From February to May, important cultural relics in the palace were packed into13,427 boxes and 64 packages, which were delivered to Shanghai in five batches and then transferred to Nanjing. So a cultural relics warehouse was established in Nanjing, and the Nanjing branch of the Palace Museum was established. 1937, the cultural relics moved southward were moved to Sichuan along the Third Road and stored in Baxian, Emei and Leshan in Sichuan Province. Until the victory of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, three cultural relics were concentrated in Chongqing and transported back to Nanjing on 1947. From the end of 1948 to the beginning of 1949, the Nanjing Kuomintang government selected 2,972 boxes of cultural relics from the Nanjing warehouse and transported them to Taiwan Province Province. Later, a new museum was built in Shuangxi, outside Shilin, Taipei, for public display. After 1949, a large number of remaining cultural relics were transported back to the Palace Museum in succession to more than 10,000 boxes, but 22 1 box is still sealed in Nanjing warehouse. In the past ten years, the Palace Museum has received an average of 6-8 million visitors from home and abroad every year. And with the development of tourism, the number of visitors has increased, and people's interest in the Forbidden City has never stopped.
[Edit this paragraph] China Museum Society
China Museum is a mass academic group.
1979 Nanjing Museum and Shanghai Museum intend to establish China Museum Society. After consultation with relevant units, it is decided that China History Museum, Palace Museum, Chinese Revolution Museum, Nanjing Museum, Shanghai Museum, beijing museum of natural history, China People's Revolutionary Military Museum and Beijing Lu Xun Museum are the sponsors of China Museum Society. 1980 In July, the heads of eight sponsors met in Beijing and decided to set up the preparatory committee of the China Museum Society first. On June+10, 5438, the inaugural meeting of the Preparatory Committee of the Chinese Museum Society was held in Chengdu, Sichuan. The meeting discussed and approved in principle the Constitution of the Chinese Museum Society (Draft), and elected members of the Preparatory Committee of the Chinese Museum Society.
After the establishment of the Preparatory Committee, the group members 155 were recruited, and the China Bo Association Newsletter 15 was edited and published, and 98 papers on museum science were collected, thus completing the preparatory work for the China Museum Society. 1982 On March 23rd, the inaugural meeting of the Chinese Museum Society was held in Beijing, and the Constitution of the Chinese Museum Society was formally adopted, and the Council and the Standing Council were elected.
By 1989, the China Museum Society has group members 165 and individual members 1 170. Its main tasks are to organize research and academic activities in museum science, improve the professional and academic level of museums, carry out international museum academic exchange activities, strengthen contacts with foreign museum workers, edit periodicals and newsletters, and compile books and materials on museum science.
The highest authority of the Chinese Museum Society is the member congress. The Council is the executive body of the general assembly. China Museum Society consists of exhibition art committee, geological museum committee, preservation committee and social education committee, which organize academic activities according to the contents of various branches of museum science. The editorial board of the journal is responsible for the editing, publishing and distribution of the journal of the Institute.
By 1989, the Chinese Museum Society had held two congresses and held 16 academic seminars. * * * Received nearly 1,000 papers on museum science, and organized many academic reports and symposiums, which enlivened the academic atmosphere of the museum community and promoted the improvement of the theoretical and practical work level of museum science.
[Edit this paragraph] Museum-related books
China's popular science works about museum knowledge. Zeng and wrote it. Chongqing Zhongzheng Bookstore published in July 1943. This book has *** 10 chapters, with about 40,000 words. The first chapter not only expounds the evolution of Chinese and foreign museums, but also focuses on the nature and functions of museums, emphasizing that the main purpose of museums is to serve the society, and its greatest "function" is to preserve valuable items, assist research work, and implement physical education and spiritual education. The focus of this book is to explain the specific work of the museum. On the basis of in-depth investigation of European and American museums, combined with the actual situation in China, the author systematically and briefly expounds the basic principles and requirements of museum organization, management, building equipment, collection, display, research and education in most chapters. It has a strong practical and guiding role in the construction of small and medium-sized museums.
Bao Zunpeng, the author of Museology, was the curator of Taiwan History Museum. This book is based on the author's class notes on museum science in college. 1970 1 published by Taipei zhongzheng bookstore as "the second kind of university textbook". Chapter *** 15 of this book mainly discusses the history of Chinese and foreign museums and the actual work of museums. Most of the materials are collected from the literature of European and American museums. The first chapter "Introduction" clarifies the guiding ideology of this book. The author believes that the most important method to study the purpose of a museum should start with its "performance" and "constituent elements". The former discusses the composition of various performances in museums from the process of their emergence and development; The latter analyzes its elements according to the present situation of the museum. This book is based on this assumption. The second chapter introduces the evolution of world museums; The third chapter discusses the origin and development of China Museum, and briefly introduces the situation of Taiwan Province Provincial Museum. The fourth chapter discusses the classification of museums. The remaining chapters focus on all aspects that constitute the elements of the museum, and specify the contents and requirements of the actual work of the museum. Among them, Introduction to Cultural Relics Collection mainly explains the principles of cultural relics collection, anti-theft, international archaeological excavation and the maintenance of historical sites and wartime cultural relics, and discusses them in detail.
"China Museum Travel Guide" is a wonderful and practical guide manual for visiting museums at present, and 34 1 museums are selected from more than1museums in China, classified by region, which is convenient for travel. This book also collects the detailed addresses of this 1800 museum in the column of "China Museum Directory", which gives you an unobstructed view. The history, exhibition features, venue layout, detailed address and opening hours of each museum are also clearly listed.