Mangroves are the general name of aquatic plant communities that grow on the mudflats of tropical and subtropical coasts, including trees, shrubs and herbs, such as mangroves, seagrass females, sea mulberry, red eggplant winter and so on. Suitable for growing in dry and calm beaches, wetlands or estuaries with deep silt. Mangroves are evergreen all year round, and the bark is red because it contains a chemical called "single", so it is called "mangrove". \x0d\ Compared with other types of forests, mangroves have many unique features. In order to adapt to the high salinity marine environment, there are salt discharge holes on the leaves, which can effectively discharge the seawater salt inhaled into the body, and its function is similar to the sweat pores on the human skin. In addition, mangroves are rooted in seabed silt and have poor ventilation, so most of them have breathing roots of various shapes sticking out of the ground. The strangest thing is that the reproduction of mangroves is viviparous. Seeds are bred on the mother tree, germinate into buds on the mother tree after maturity, and then take root and grow into independent plants within a few hours as the fruit falls into the sea. The most striking thing about mangroves is that they have dense column roots, which are mostly born at the base of the trunk, gradually extending downwards and inserting into the soil, forming criss-crossing and wind-resistant arch supports. \x0d\ The marine ecosystem centered on mangroves has strong vitality, and it maintains its own ecological balance through the food chain. Mangroves survive by absorbing nutrients from seabed soil. Their leaves and branches are food for fish and shrimp, and birds eat fish and shrimp. Microorganisms in the sludge decompose the remains of plants and animals into inorganic substances and return them to the soil. \x0d\ Mangroves are important marine biological resources with extremely high economic value. Take mangroves in Hainan Island as an example. There are four species of birds 1 14 (accounting for more than 40% of the island), more than one species of insects 100 and more than one species of aquatic animals 100 in the system, which can produce more than 750 kilograms of seafood such as fish, shrimp and crabs per hectare every year on average. Therefore, Hainan has 10,000 mu of mangroves since ancient times. Can be used as tanning material and dye; Some mangrove plants are hard and corrosion-resistant, and they are high-quality materials for buildings and ships. Some mangrove plants can also be used as medicine to treat lymphoid tuberculosis, skin diseases, cancer and so on. \x0d\ Mangroves also have high environmental protection value. Mangroves are deeply rooted in the sea, which can defend against the sea breeze, resist the invasion of waves, protect farmland and villages and towns, and are known as "natural guardians of coastal defense". At the same time, mangroves have developed roots and lush foliage, and can absorb a large number of pollutants in the ocean and purify seawater. In addition, mangroves have high ecological research value and tourism ornamental value. \x0d\ Due to the special growth environment of mangroves, species are relatively poor. There are 23 families, 34 genera, 8 1 species in the world, which can be roughly divided into two types: Oriental type, distributed in Asia, Oceania and the east coast of Africa, with rich species; Western type, distributed in North America, West Indies and the west coast of Africa, with relatively poor species. There are 24 species of mangrove 13 families in China, which are mainly distributed in the coastal areas of Hainan, Guangdong and Fujian, among which Hainan Island is the most abundant, accounting for more than 70% of the country. \ x0d \ 10。 What are the three aspects introduced in the first paragraph? (3 points) \ x0d \ x0d \ 1 1. According to the second paragraph, summarize the biological characteristics of mangroves. (4 points) \ x0d \ x0d \ 12. According to the third paragraph, briefly describe the relationship between mangroves and seabed soil. \ x0d \ 13。 When talking about the function of mangroves, this paper introduces the ecological research value of mangroves. (3 points) \ x0d \ 14. How to explain the underlined sentence in the fourth paragraph? What's the role? (4\x0d\ Answer: \x0d\ 10. (3 points) Explain what mangroves are, introduce their growing environment, and explain the reasons for their naming. \x0d\ (each of the three aspects accounts for 1 minute. That's right) \x0d\ 1 1. (4 points) There are salt drainage holes on the blades; Most of them have respiratory roots protruding from the ground; Reproduction by "viviparous"; There are dense column roots. \x0d\ (All four features are 1. If you only answer "there are salt drainage holes" and "there are respiratory roots", dots will not be scored. The meaning is right) \x0d\ 12. (4) Mangroves can survive by absorbing nutrients from the seabed soil, and the remains of mangrove plants can be decomposed into inorganic substances by microorganisms and returned to the soil. \x0d\ (2 points each. \x0d\ 13. (3 points) Economic value, environmental protection value and tourism appreciation value (1 minute per grid) \x0d\ 14. (4 points) Description method: examples, figures, quotations, etc. \x0d\ Function: It shows that mangroves are important marine biological resources with high economic value; Make the explanation specific, accurate, credible and convincing.