(1) According to the number of floors of civil buildings:?

Low-rise building: refers to the building with 1 ~ 3 floors.

Multi-storey building: refers to a building with 4-6 floors.

Middle and high-rise buildings: refer to buildings with 7-9 floors.

High-rise building: refers to the residence with a floor above 10. Public buildings and comprehensive buildings with a total height of more than 24 meters are high-rise buildings.

Super high-rise building: When the building height exceeds 100 m, both residential and public buildings are super high-rise. ?

(2) According to the classification of main load-bearing structural materials:

Brick-wood structure: A house built with brick walls, wooden floors and wooden frames. This structure has poor fire resistance and high wood consumption, so it is rarely used.

Brick-concrete structure: Houses built with brick walls, reinforced concrete floors, steel, Jupiter frames or reinforced concrete roof panels are also called mixed structures. This structure is mostly used in civil buildings and small industrial workshops with fewer floors (below six floors). Among them, wooden frames are rarely used.

Reinforced concrete structures: The main load-bearing members of buildings are reinforced concrete, which are widely used in single-storey or multi-storey industrial buildings, large public buildings and high-rise buildings.

Steel structure; The main load-bearing components of the building are all made of steel. This structural form is mostly used in some industrial buildings and high-rise, large-space and long-span civil buildings.

1998? Beijing Aquarium (steel structure)

(3) According to the scale of civil buildings:

A large number of buildings: refers to those buildings that are large in number and wide in scope and closely related to people's lives, such as houses, schools, shops, hospitals, etc.

Large buildings: refer to large buildings, such as large office buildings, large stadiums, large theaters, large railway stations, etc. The building is huge and expensive, so it is impossible to build it everywhere. Compared with a large number of buildings, the construction quantity is very limited, but these buildings are representative in a country or region and have a great influence on the appearance of the city. ?

(4) According to the purpose of the building:

Civil buildings: including residential buildings (houses, dormitories, apartments, etc.). ) and public buildings (such as schools, office theaters, etc. ).

Industrial buildings: including all kinds of production and production auxiliary buildings. The latter such as warehouses, power facilities, etc.

Agricultural buildings: including houses for raising livestock, storing farm tools and agricultural products, and houses for agricultural machinery.

(5) According to the load-bearing structure system type of the building:

Beam-slab structure building with wall load-bearing: it is a building formed by the structure with wall and beam-slab as the main load-bearing components, and it is also the enclosure component that constitutes the building space. Brick-concrete structure building and assembled slab structure building are all buildings of this structural form.

Skeleton structure building: it is a structural system composed of beams, columns and foundations, and bears the roof. A building in which the load is transferred from the floor. Its wall only plays the role of enclosing and separating the building space. Commonly used skeleton structure forms mainly include: ① portal rigid frame, also known as rigid frame. It consists of a portal plane composed of columns and beams. The portal plane is composed of longitudinal beams and transverse beams, and the portal rigid frame is connected by longitudinal beams into a three-dimensional space. 2 framework. A frame consisting of beams and columns. The frame is connected into a three-dimensional space by connecting beams. This structure is usually made of steel or reinforced concrete, and is mostly used in multi-storey and high-rise buildings. Buildings (canteen, shopping mall, etc.). ) with few floors and large internal space, it can be used as a structural system composed of external walls and internal reinforced concrete beams and columns. This type of structure is called internal skeleton structure building.

Shear wall structure: The walls (internal walls and external walls) of a building are made into shear walls as components to resist lateral forces (earthquake forces and wind forces) and bear vertical loads. Shear walls are usually reinforced concrete walls. This type of structure is often used in high-rise buildings (houses, hotels, apartments, etc.). ) has regular transverse walls.

Long-span structural building: it is a building formed by various structures with horizontal span exceeding 30 meters. Its structural types are: folded plate, shell, grid, suspended cable, inflatable, tent tension structure and so on. These structural types are mostly used in large public buildings such as theaters, gymnasiums and airport waiting halls in civil buildings, long-span factories and aircraft assembly workshops in industrial buildings.

(6) Quality grade and fire resistance grade of buildings

According to the nature and durability of the building, it is divided into four grades.

Classification by fire resistance rating of buildings

The current Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings divides the fire resistance rating of buildings into four levels. The fire resistance rating of buildings is determined by two factors: fire resistance limit and combustion performance.