1. Present situation of steel structure industry in China
In 1980s, the steel structure industry in China began to flourish. After nearly 20 years of rapid development, building steel structure has been widely used in industrial buildings, civil buildings, public buildings and bridge construction, forming many super-large enterprises integrating scientific research, design, manufacturing and construction.
The development prospect of steel structure is broad, and large-scale projects such as the western development, the revitalization of the old industrial base in Northeast China, the Olympic Games, the Asian Games and the World Expo have brought great development opportunities to the building steel structure industry. From several steel structure companies in the 1980s to now all over the country, the steel structure market demand has started to grow and entered an era of rapid development, which has brought unprecedented opportunities to the steel structure industry, which can be summarized as the following three aspects:
1. 1 domestic market
Compared with the traditional reinforced concrete structure, steel structure has the advantages of high strength, light weight, good seismic performance, fast construction speed and mass production. It has been recognized by investors from all sides in industrial buildings, civil buildings, public buildings, bridge construction and other industries, and has attracted the attention of the government. Steel structure residence has been regarded as a national key promotion project.
1.2 technical basis
In 2008, China's crude steel output reached 502 million tons, accounting for 38% of the world's steel output, making it the largest steel producer in the world. In recent years, the state has successively promulgated new architectural design codes, building standards and complete sets of technical regulations for steel structure housing, which has provided a good material and technical foundation for the development of steel structure in China. It is estimated that the per capita building area in China will reach 40 square meters in 2030, and 46 billion square meters of new houses will be needed. According to the average annual completion of 560 million square meters, steel structure accounts for 1% ~ 5%, and the construction area of steel structure in China will reach 5.6 ~ 28 million square meters. According to the data, the steel structure building system in China has been able to achieve its own maturity.
1.3 international market
Since China joined the WTO, steel structure enterprises in China have stepped up their efforts to go abroad. Opening the world market is the inevitable trend of steel structure development, and the world market also needs steel structure enterprises in China. Moreover, with the saturation of the domestic market, it is imperative to enter the foreign market. The steel structure buildings in Southeast Asia, Russia and the Middle East developed late, with huge demand and unlimited business opportunities. We must unswervingly adhere to the reform and opening up, make full use of two resources, two markets and two funds, and push the steel structure industry to a new height.
2. Comparison between steel structure and traditional building structure
2. 1 Advantages of steel structure building
2. 1. 1 The structure is light in weight and has excellent seismic performance.
Steel is characterized by light weight, high strength and high rigidity, and is especially suitable for building super-high, overweight and long-span buildings. Steel residential buildings are 30% lighter than traditional buildings with the same building area. At the same time, steel is characterized by good ductility, good seismic resistance and high structural safety.
2. 1.2 Low basic cost
The total weight of the building is light, and the steel consumption of the steel structure is reduced by 50% compared with that of the concrete structure, which can greatly reduce the construction cost.
2. 1.3 The space utilization rate of steel structure is high.
It has a good sense of space. Compared with traditional buildings, steel structure can better meet the requirements of flexible separation of large rooms in buildings, with great flexibility in space utilization, which greatly improves the area utilization rate and increases the indoor effective area by about 6%. In the overall style, because the indoor space can be divided into multiple schemes, the steel structure building is also more flexible and rich, which can meet the needs of various users.
2. 1.4 steel structure has high comprehensive benefits.
From the perspectives of investment return, saving space and increasing the flexibility of space utilization, it is enough to reflect the comprehensive benefits of steel structure buildings. First, investors hope to recover the investment cost as soon as possible, increase the available area as much as possible, and generate long-term profits; Secondly, short construction period, light self-weight, low construction cost and high degree of construction mechanization make steel structure buildings have strong competitiveness and good market prospects.
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2. 1.5 steel structure building belongs to green building.
Because the steel structure building adopts new wall materials with energy saving and environmental protection, it is easy to realize industrialized production and standardized production. Coupled with the characteristics of health, environmental protection and earthquake resistance, it is enough to meet the requirements of China's building industrialization and sustainable development.
In addition, steel for steel structure construction can achieve 100% recycling of waste products, which is a new building form adapted to China's sustainable development strategy and can be called "green building".
2.2 shortcomings
2.2. 1 construction complexity
Due to the complicated procedures in steel structure construction, it is difficult to analyze, judge and deal with quality problems after problems occur, such as simple welding cracks, which may lead to many reasons and make people unable to judge.
2.2.2 Poor fire prevention ability
Due to the problem of its own materials, the fire-resistant time of steel structure buildings is only 2 ~ 3 hours, and 2 ~ 3 hours is far less than other fire-resistant buildings.
2.2.3 The technology is not perfect.
Although China's steel structure is similar to the international level in technology, processing technology and equipment, the processing details of some products are not serious enough, especially in concept, and there is still a certain gap. The completeness and durability of supporting maintenance materials and connectors for steel structures are far from the international level, which will greatly hinder the pace of steel structure construction.
2.2.5 Lack of engineering talents
In domestic secondary or higher architectural schools, the specialized teaching content rarely involves the steel structure building system. Therefore, engineers and technicians only know the surface of the professional system of steel structure construction, and don't ask for a solution. There is a shortage of skilled workers on the construction site, so technically, although it is not difficult, there is often a lack of effective backbone in implementation.
3. The development prospect of steel structure building
The steel structure building has a broad development prospect in China, and has great development potential, which can well adapt to the development of the current era. The development prospect of steel structure construction industry can be analyzed from the aspects of the development foundation of steel structure construction and the national policy environment.
3. 1 Perfect standards, specifications and regulations
At present, China's standards, codes and regulations on steel structures are relatively perfect, including Technical Specification for Steel Structures of High-rise Civil Buildings, Code for Design of Steel-concrete Mixed Structures of Multi-high-rise Buildings, Interim Provisions for Design of High-rise Steel Structures, Code for Acceptance of Steel Structure Engineering Quality, Standard for Inspection and Evaluation of Grid Structure Engineering Quality, Common Problems and Treatment of Steel Structures, and Pre-control of Steel Structure Engineering Quality, etc.
3.2 Complete software and hardware means of steel structure building design
At present, the commonly used steel structure design software in China includes: PM series steel structure CAD software, steel structure design and drawing software, intelligent steel structure detail design system, three-dimensional steel structure design and analysis calculation software, multi-storey and high-rise steel structure design system and so on. Complete software and hardware means of steel structure building design will further promote the vigorous development of steel structure green building.
3.3 Comprehensive education and training mechanism
In order to further improve the overall quality of employees in steel structure green building, many domestic steel structure manufacturing and construction enterprises have taken the road of production, learning and research, adopted independent research and development, joint development, entrusted development and entrusted testing, and carried out cooperative relations with many domestic universities, and conducted comprehensive education and training for employees in related construction enterprises, laying a solid foundation for steel structure green building.
3.4 National policy environment
3.4. 1 All-round Development Needs of Various Regions in China
With the continuous acceleration of the development of the construction industry, it has created a good development platform for steel structure buildings and created suitable conditions for the prosperity of steel structure buildings. Only when the economy in all regions of the country develops well and rapidly can the steel structure construction industry gain its own world from the national infrastructure construction by virtue of its own advantages in the big environment.
3.4.2 Promote the construction of environment-friendly buildings.
In recent years, with the emergence of a series of sustainable development problems in China, environmental protection buildings have attracted attention from all sides, including environmental pollution, soil erosion and so on. Environmental protection buildings should have the characteristics of high energy utilization rate, low consumption, good environment and long service life. Steel structure buildings can meet the requirements of environmental protection buildings in these aspects. Compared with structural system architecture, steel structure architecture will not destroy forests, and there is no air and noise pollution. Moreover, the recyclability of building materials greatly reduces solid waste, which is of great significance for promoting the coordinated development between man and nature.
Concluding remarks
The steel structure building system conforms to the direction of green, environmental protection, energy saving, emission reduction, recycling and sustainable development. At the same time, the building codes and standards of steel structure industry will be gradually improved. I believe that in the near future, steel structure will inevitably bring a profound revolution to the construction industry, and the application prospect of steel structure is broad!