The so-called hard labor means doing whatever you are asked to do. For example:
I made the boy cry. I made the boy cry.
I told the girl to wait for me. I told the girl to wait for me.
In a word, labor is how to do something or how to do it.
Causative verbs have the following purposes:
Let someone do something. Let sb. Do sth.
I asked him to arrange a car.
Let someone do something. Let someone continue to do something.
He made us laugh all lunch time.
C. note: when used in negative sentences, it means "allow"
I won't allow you to run around the house.
I won't allow you to run around the house.
Let others do something and make others suffer.
Example: You'd better have your teeth pulled out.
His pocket was stolen.
Note: "Complete Action" is not issued by the theme.
E. When used in passive sentences, infinitives should be added.
I was forced to repeat the story. The notional verb is an action verb, indicating action. It can be divided into transitive verbs and intransitive verbs.
A notional verb whose meaning is complete only after a transitive verb is called a transitive verb. For example:
I believe the committee will consider our suggestion. I believe the committee will consider our suggestion.
"How long can I keep this book?" Harry asked. Harry asked, "How long can I keep this book?"
Dr Bethune set a good example for us. Dr Bethune set a good example for us.
Crude oil contains many useful substances.
2) The intransitive verb is a notional verb, its meaning is complete, and it doesn't need to follow the object. It is called intransitive verb. For example:
Birds can fly. Birds can fly.
It happened in June 1932. It happened in 1993; June 2008.
My watch has stopped. My watch has stopped.
She spoke at the meeting last night. She spoke at the meeting last night.
3) Transitive verbs and intransitive verbs There are many notional verbs in English that can be used as both transitive verbs and intransitive verbs. There are two different kinds of verbs:
A) When it is used as both a transitive verb and an intransitive verb, its meaning remains unchanged. Try to compare:
Can I start right away? Can I start right away? (starts with an intransitive verb)
She began to work as a librarian after leaving school. After graduation, she became a librarian. (starts with a transitive verb)
When did they leave Chicago? When did they leave Chicago? (leave as a transitive verb)
They left last week. They left last week. (left is an intransitive verb)
B) When used as transitive verbs and intransitive verbs, sometimes the meanings are different. For example:
Wash your hands before meals. wash hands before meals
Is this cloth washable? Is this cloth washable?
4) Comparison with Chinese Sometimes the usage of transitive verbs and intransitive verbs in English is different from that in Chinese. Please note the following two situations:
A) Some verbs can only be used as intransitive verbs in English, while Chinese can be used as transitive verbs, such as arrive, agree, 1isten Listen. In English, these verbs are often followed by prepositions. For example:
We arrived at the railway station at noon. We arrived at the railway station at noon. )
Everyone listened to the lecture with great interest. Everyone listened to the lecture with great interest. We all heard the lecture. )
Do they agree to the plan? Do they agree to the plan? (to cannot be omitted)
B) Some verbs can be used as transitive verbs in English, but not in Chinese, such as serve.
Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly. Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly. ) Words that indicate the state of action are called verbs. 2) According to the function of verbs in sentences, verbs can be divided into four categories, namely notional verbs, connective verbs, auxiliary verbs and modal verbs. Note: In some cases, some verbs are part of the part of speech, for example, we are having a meeting. We are having a meeting. Having is a notional verb. He has gone to new york. He has gone to new york. (has is an auxiliary verb. ) 3) Verbs can be divided into two categories according to whether there is an object behind them, namely, transitive verbs and intransitive verbs, which are abbreviated as vt. And six. They are. Description: The same verb can sometimes be used as a transitive verb and sometimes as an intransitive verb. She can dance and sing. She can sing and dance. (sing is used as an intransitive verb here. She can sing many English songs. She can sing many English songs. (sing is used as a transitive verb. ) 4) according to whether it is limited by the person and number of the subject, it can be divided into two categories: finite verbs and non-finite verbs. For example, she sings very well. She sings very well. Sings is limited by the subject she, so it uses the third person singular form. She wants to learn English well. She wants to learn English well. (Learning is not limited by the subject she, and there is no morphological change. This is an indefinite verb. Note: There are three kinds of non-finite verbs in English: infinitive, gerund and participle. 5) According to the forms of verbs, they can be divided into three categories, namely, one-word verbs, phrasal verbs and verb phrases. For example, English contains many phrasal verbs and verb phrases. (contains is a single-word verb. Students should learn to look up new words in the dictionary. The students learn to look up the dictionary. (look up is a phrasal verb. Young people should take care of the elderly. Young people should take care of the old. Care is a verb phrase. 6) There are five forms of verbs, namely: prototype, singular from the third person, past form, past participle and present participle. Conjunctive verbs are also called connective verbs. As a copula, it has its own meaning, but it cannot be used as a predicate alone. It must be followed by a predicate (also called complement) to form a copula structure to explain the subject's situation, nature and characteristics. Note: Some copula verbs are notional verbs. When expressing the real meaning, this verb is meaningful and can be used as a predicate alone. For example, he was ill yesterday. He was ill yesterday. (fell is a copulative verb, followed by a complement to explain the subject. He fell off the ladder. He fell off the ladder. Fell is a notional verb with an independent predicate. 1) state verbs are used to express the state of the subject, and there is only the word be, for example, he is a teacher. (is and complement together indicate the identity of the subject. ) 2) progressive verbs are used to indicate that the subject continues or maintains a state or attitude, mainly keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, for example, he always keeps silent in meetings. This matter remains a mystery. This matter is still a mystery. 3) Ideographic verbs are used to express the concept of "looking like", which mainly includes seem, look and look. For example, he looks tired. He seems very sad. He looks very sad. 4) sense verbs sense verbs mainly include touch, smell, sound and taste. For example, this kind of cloth feels soft. This kind of cloth feels soft. This flower smells delicious. This flower smells delicious. 5) Change verbs These change verbs indicate what the subject has become. The main verbs of change are change, long, turn, fall, get, go, come and run. For example, he became crazy after that. After that, he went crazy. She became rich in a short time. She won't be rich for long. 6) Termination verbs indicate that the subject has terminated the action, mainly including prove and trun out, which mean "confirmation" and "becoming", for example, rumors prove to be false. Search proved to be difficult. Search proved to be difficult. His plan turned out to be successful. His plan finally succeeded. Auxiliary verb 1) A word that helps an active word form a predicate verb phrase is called an auxiliary verb. Auxiliary verbs are called active words. Auxiliary verbs are meaningless in themselves and cannot be used alone. For example, he doesn't like English. He does not like English. (not is an auxiliary verb and has no meaning; Like is an active word, which is meaningful) 2) Auxiliary verbs help the active word to complete the following functions, which can be used to express tenses, such as he is singing. He's married. He's married. He was sent to England. He was sent to England. C. Formal issues, such as: Do you like college life? Do you like college life? Did you learn English before you came here? Did you learn English before you came here? D. I don't like him. I don't like him. Be sure to come to the party tomorrow night. Be sure to come to the party tomorrow night. He does know. He does know.