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Buddhism in Asia and Europe: How Buddhism was introduced to Britain?
It has been more than 100 years since Buddhism was introduced to Britain at Foguang Mountain in London. The early British Buddhist groups mainly focused on the study of Buddhist scholarship, while the Buddhist organizations in the past twenty or thirty years began to focus on the practice of Buddhism. At first, Buddhism was introduced into Britain mainly by excavating, sorting out, annotating and translating the original Buddhist scriptures in Pali and Sanskrit. A number of famous Pali writers and Sanskrit scholars have emerged, and some Buddhist research organizations have been established. Davies founded the Pali Society in London on 188 1, which was the earliest Buddhist organization at that time. The association is mainly engaged in the publication of Buddhist classics and books in Pali. After 30 years of unremitting efforts, it has completed the notes on Sanzang in Pali. The English Dictionary of Pali compiled by Davis and his assistant, Dr. William Stead, is still the authoritative reference book of Pali. The Buddhist Association of Great Britain and Ireland was founded by P.J.Jakson in London in 1906, and is composed of scholars who study Pali and Sanskrit. The association publishes Buddhist books, publishes the magazine "Buddhist Review", and sets up branches such as libraries, conference halls, Buddhist temples and meditation halls in other big cities in Britain. Dissolved on 1924. 1926, Sri Lankan David Hewawitarne founded the London branch of Mahabodhi Society in London, aiming at reviving Indian Buddhism. Old David Hewawitarne is a promoter of Sri Lankan Buddhism. He once suggested to Yang Renshan, the founder of China Jinling Jingshi, that monks should be sent abroad to study Sanskrit and Pali. 1927 Master Taixu travels around the world to preach the Dharma. When he arrived in London, he was warmly welcomed by the Mahabodhi Society in London. After the meeting, David Hewawitarne Sr. returned to Sri Lanka and changed his name to Bddhist Lodge. During the Second World War, Buddhism was basically at a standstill in Britain due to the influence of the war. In recent decades, British Buddhism has gradually flourished, and many new Buddhist organizations and temples have emerged. At present, the Buddhist Association (London) is the oldest Buddhist organization in Britain. 1924 the association launched at Christmas takes the Buddhist pavilion as the meeting place. The society has a Buddhist magazine, which was later changed to British Buddhism and finally changed to the middle way, and it is still circulating. The Buddhist Association of London is an organization of the British Buddhist Center, and the quarterly Middle Way is its main publication. This magazine publishes articles by famous Buddhist scholars on teaching theory, practice and history, and reports on the related activities of the association and the trends of Buddhism in Britain and the world. The headquarters of the Buddhist Association of London has a library, stacks, meditation halls, offices and meeting rooms. Except holidays, it is open to the public every Wednesday and Saturday afternoon. Buddhist associations also hold lectures regularly and invite famous scholars to give speeches; Every weekend night, there are Mahayana Buddhism, Tibetan Buddhism, Zen Buddhism, Buddhist basics and meditation courses; In addition, there are special courses and full-day seminars. At present, the library of the association has 5,000 Buddhist books. The first British monk was ananda Metayer, a former chemist who was ordained in Myanmar. 1808, he returned to England and planned to set up a missionary group to promote Buddhism. Unfortunately, he failed. 1984 Sri Lankan Buddhists founded the Vihara Temple in London, becoming the first Buddhist temple in Europe. Friends of Western Buddhist Order is an organization that aims to create an environment suitable for modern westerners to practice Buddhism. 1964 was founded by British Mahasthavira Harassi. Sang Harassi studied Buddhism in India in 1950, and studied Pali, Abifa and Inmin under Master Ven. Jagdish Kahyap studied in Benares University, then lived in Kalongbao, wrote a Buddhist survey and edited the Buddhist magazine Mahabodhi. He studied Tibetan Buddhism and got the talisman of Mahayana Bodhisattva. 1964 was invited to Britain and founded the Buddhist organization "Friends of Western Buddhist Associations" with western characteristics. It has activity centers in seven cities in Britain and branches in other parts of the world, such as Finland, Sweden, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Australia and India. The organization adopts a membership system, with funds provided by members or other Buddhist believers, and establishes various foundations to raise funds for assisting refugees and building schools. The main activities of the Friends of Western Buddhist Societies include launching a vegetarian movement, publishing newsletters, and regularly holding various lectures for new Buddhists. Sangyeling Tibetan Buddhist Center of Kagyu School was established in 1967, located in an unpolluted mountain area in southern Scotland, and it is the first Tibetan Buddhist center in the western world. Its purpose is to provide favorable conditions for Buddhists or non-Buddhists to study or sit quietly, and to create a quiet and peaceful meditation world, so that all practitioners there can seek spiritual liberation. Jiaju? Sanye Temple completely imitates the architectural style of Tibetan temples and provides a place for people to experience Tibetan culture. Ama Lawati Forest Temple was founded by American monk Sumedo. Sumanto lived in various forest temples in Thailand for ten years. 1977 He accompanied his teacher Aka, a Thai monk. Achacha came to Britain at the invitation of the British Sangha Trust. The British Sangha Federation was founded in 1956, aiming at establishing Buddhist order in Britain. Since 1978, Master Sumanto has been teaching meditation in hampstead every night with the help of other western monks. Considering that it is not suitable to build a temple in the crowded center of London, Sumanto built this forest temple in Hammerwood, West Sussex on 1984. Amara~vati Chinese translation "Buddha's momentum" means "eternal land" and is the Dojo for training Buddhist monks and nuns. There are about 60 monks and nuns at present. Monks live an ascetic life according to the life style of forest monks, follow the rules of attendance, don't eat after noon, remain single, have no money or receive money, and live by charity. In addition to inheriting the Buddhism of the Upper Seats and the Buddhism of Tibet, British Buddhism has successively established some Buddhist organizations or monasteries such as Cao Dongzong, Pure Land Sect and Shinrikyo with the overseas missionary activities of various Japanese sects. For example, the Soto meditation group in Birmingham, the British Buddhist Association in London, and the Jodoshu Foundation of Great Britain in Kettering. According to preliminary statistics, there are 107 Buddhist organizations in Britain, all over the British Isles. In the past twenty or thirty years, a new Buddhist movement has started in Britain. Note: This article was written in the 1980s. Headline: the advance delegation of the United States religious joint delegation visited the Chinese Buddhist Association. Viewpoint: Will "Buddha" help corrupt officials? One-day Zen: Only by learning to refuse will you go astray.