The basic system of proofreading is as follows:
5. 1 3 Proofreading and sample book inspection. "Three schools" means three schools. "First reading" refers to the thorough reading examination after the final revision. Due to the complexity of proofreading object errors and the diversity of error reasons, "proofreading books is like sweeping leaves", and proofreading activities cannot be "done overnight", so necessary proofreading workload (i.e. proofreading times) must be put into practice. "Three schools and one reading" is the most important number of times that must be adhered to in the book quality assurance system. Classic works, documents, dictionaries, ancient books, academic works, teaching materials, teaching AIDS and other important manuscripts and manuscripts that are difficult to proofread should also be proofread accordingly. Author proofreading and editor proofreading cannot replace proofreading. Whether the proofreading for them is "copy" or "proof" or proofreading by the proofreader. Three proofreading must be completed by professionally trained proofreaders. Computer proofreading, if used properly, can replace a proofreading. The proof printed after the revision of the third proofreading cannot be counted as the proof of the publishing house, and must be checked through. The printed proofs after the read-through inspection can be counted as printed proofs.
In order to ensure the proofreading quality, the proofreader has the right to increase the proofreading times by 1 ~ 2 times under any of the following circumstances: (1) The initial proofreading error rate exceeds15/10000; (2) The manuscript edited and distributed is untidy, unclear and ambiguous, but the revised page number on the proof exceeds1/3; (3) The final proof error exceeds 3/ 10000. The decision to increase the number of proofreading belongs to professional proofreading institutions.
Sample book inspection means that before books are bound in batches, several sample books are bound and checked by the responsible editor and proofreader. After inspection, it can be bound in batches before leaving the factory.
5.2 Proofreading subject diversification and specialization. One of the characteristics of modern proofreading is the combination of diversification and specialization of proofreading subjects. The so-called subject diversification means that authors, editors and full-time proofreaders participate in proofreading, and outsiders participate in proofreading activities, forming a proofreading subject group. Author proofreading belongs to self-proofreading, while editor proofreading belongs to semi-self-proofreading. They have the same advantages: a good grasp of the content of the manuscript and familiarity with relevant knowledge. The disadvantage of * * * is that due to the habit of linear reading, it is difficult to perceive the differences of individual characters, and often "turn a blind eye to mistakes" because of fixed thinking. External proofreaders are generally inferior to full-time proofreaders in technology, experience, mentality and sense of responsibility. Therefore, the diversification of proofreading subjects must be combined with specialization, and full-time proofreaders in society should be the core of proofreading subjects. The so-called full-time proofreader in society has three meanings: first, the publishing house must establish a professional proofreading institution to organize and supervise the proofreading work of the whole society in a unified way; Secondly, the publishing house must be equipped with enough full-time proofreaders (the scientific ratio of editing and proofreading personnel is 3: 1, not less than 5: 1), who are responsible for proofreading; Third, proofreaders with intermediate titles or above or other serious and experienced proofreaders must do a good job in the third school to ensure that the final school passes the customs.
5.3 Combination of collective cross-checking and responsibility checking. The second feature of modern proofreading is the combination of collective cross-proofreading and responsibility proofreading. Collective cross-proofreading means that proofreaders of different ranks and professions are responsible for proofreading at different times, and it is generally not allowed to adopt the practice of one-person proofreading. Collective cross-proofreading can avoid the knowledge limitation of one-person proofreading and turn a blind eye to the mistakes caused by repeated proofreading, which is conducive to eliminating mistakes to the maximum extent. At the same time, collective cross-examination is an effective way of mutual inspection and supervision. However, collective cross-proofreading also has some shortcomings, mainly because the proofreaders' views on errors will not be completely consistent, and large-scale manuscripts will be cross-proofread, which will also lead to inconsistent layout processing. Therefore, on the basis of collective cross-proofreading, the responsibility proofreading system must also be implemented. Responsible proofreading is the overall person in charge and coordinator of the proofreading work of this book, who participates in the whole process of proofreading this book, undertakes the final proofreading or read-through inspection (which can also be undertaken by the responsible editor) and the technical arrangement of the text, assists the responsible editor in solving the proofreading problem, and finally proofreads the sample for printing. The person in charge of proofreading should sign the title page to show that he is responsible for the proofreading quality of this book.
5.4 Combination of proofreading query and editing query. Proofreading, questioning and editing are the basic forms of modern proofreading. Proofreading by proofreaders and word processing by editors are different, and they are qualitatively different. The task of correcting right and wrong is to correct mistakes, that is, to remove hard wounds, rather than adjusting the layout of chapters, improving ideological content and polishing words. If obvious typos, typos, multi-characters, missing words, typos, traditional characters, inverted characters, variant characters, old glyphs, irregular variant characters, improper proper names, punctuation usage, numerical usage, unit names and symbol writing do not meet the national standards and layout format does not meet the design requirements and specifications, the proofreader shall make corrections, but the corrections must be reviewed by the responsible editor. When grammatical errors, logical errors and factual, intellectual and political errors are found, the proofreader has no right to correct them. He can only mark his doubts with a gray pencil, put forward suggestions for revision, fill out a "proofreading inquiry form" and send it to the responsible editor together with proofs to eliminate doubts. The responsible editor should take the proofreading query seriously and adopt the correct revision suggestions with an open mind. For the confirmed modification suggestions, circle them with colored pens to indicate the corresponding modification; For the modification suggestions that are not adopted, a cross indicates deletion (don't smear with colored pens, and keep proofreading and questioning handwriting for verification if necessary). It is necessary to establish an incentive mechanism to encourage proofreaders to question. Proofreaders' questions should be given appropriate rewards after being confirmed by the responsible editor, and their questions should be stored in their personal business files as the basis for assessing the professional level and promoting their professional titles.