The myth "Yuanmingyuan" was burned. So where did Yuanmingyuan come from? How many magical treasures are there? How did it disappear in the long river of history step by step?
1, the origin of the name
"Yuanmingyuan" was built in the Kangxi Dynasty and named after Kangxi. Round and into god, when the gentleman is also; When the light shines, the wisdom of talents is also. Circle refers to the perfection of personal morality; Ming refers to bright achievements.
2. How big is it?
It covers an area of more than 350 hectares, including water surface 140 hectares, with a total area equivalent to 8.5 Forbidden City.
In its heyday.
The Yuanmingyuan in Kang Yong was built in three dynasties. Kangxi gave it to Yin Zhen, the fourth prince. After emperor Qianlong, who was fond of trouble, succeeded to the throne, he spared no expense to expand Yuanmingyuan on a large scale. It took seven years to build 40 scenic spots, as well as Zibi Mountain House, Algae Garden and Wenyuan Pavilion.
Kangxi Qianlong loves to go to Jiangnan. Ten scenic spots of West Lake in Hangzhou, beautiful scenery of Lushan Mountain, Siyi Bookstore in An Lan Garden in Haining, Ruyuan Garden in Nanjing, Lion Forest in Suzhou and Wangshi Manor in Hangzhou are all reflected in Yuanmingyuan.
There is also the Baroque Palace complex designed and built by missionary Lang Shining, which was the only one at that time. At the same time, there are Changchun Garden and Qichun Garden adjacent to Yuanmingyuan, both of which belong to the management of Yuanmingyuan Management Minister and are called Yuanming Three Gardens.
4, catastrophe-fire robbery
1860101On October 6th, the British and French allied forces invaded Yuanmingyuan. 10 year 10 7, the catastrophe began. On the same day, French army commander Montaubon wrote to the French Foreign Minister: "I ordered French members to pay attention to the most valuable objects in art and archaeology first."
According to historical records, the number of cultural relics in Yuanmingyuan was not less than 6.5438+0.5 million. It is well known that Yuanmingyuan was destroyed, but the nearby Qingyi Garden, Jingming Garden, Jingyi Garden, Changchun Garden and Haidian Town were all burned down. The fire burned the Forbidden City for three days.
Since then, the national treasure has been away from China and exiled to Europe. Collection of China Pavilion of Fontainebleau Palace 1000 pieces; It records 40 scenes of Yuanmingyuan in its heyday and still lies in the National Library of France.
5, complete destruction-wood robbery, stone robbery
1900, Eight-Nation Alliance invaded Beijing, and the gardens in the western suburbs were looted again, and all the trees were cut down. This is a wooden robbery.
After arriving in Xuan Tong, the Eight Banners began to build houses in the park.
After the demise of the Qing Dynasty, Yuanmingyuan was plundered by warlords and profiteers for a long time, and they all used Yuanmingyuan as a building material field. 1928, the stone of Dashuifa site was demolished to build a memorial for the soldiers killed in Suiyuan.
In the next 20 years, the square bricks and tiles on the ground, the wooden nails, stakes and copper pipes underground were all taken away, which was later called the "stone robbery" of Yuanmingyuan. At this point, Yuanmingyuan has been looted by fire, wood and stone, and all the buildings, trees and bricks in Yuanmingyuan have disappeared.
During the Japanese occupation period after 1940, Beijing was short of food, so it was rewarded for land reclamation. Since then, farmers have successively entered the park to fill the lake in Pingshan and open up wasteland to grow rice. The Yuanmingyuan built by 159 no longer exists.