1

Knowledge and ability of education and teaching (primary school)

chapter one

basic education

the first paragraph

The development and characteristics of primary education

I. Overview of primary education

The concept of primary education

The definition of "primary school" in modern pedagogy is

School age children (

6- 12

Years old)

Schools receiving primary education belong to foundations.

Part of education is divided into five types: primary school, advanced primary school, complete primary school, central primary school and experimental primary school.

The traditional education stage in China is only divided into two levels: primary school and university.

Primary school is also called "learning of ignorance".

Learn to learn Confucian classics as a way of learning.

Pay attention to children's cognitive and behavioral training.

The task of primary education

Fundamental task: lay a good foundation

Second, the history and development of primary education in China

According to the record

Primary schools in China were born in the Yin and Zhou Dynasties.

(A) the ancient primary education (pre-Qin to the Opium War)

Features:

1

, well-organized.

2

The purpose of education is to serve the rulers.

three

The educational process is carried out through the control and indoctrination of children, which has certain rigidity and autocracy.

(b) Modern primary education (from the Opium War to the founding of New China)

Four landmark events

1

、

1878

The small class of Zhengmeng Academy founded by Zhang Huanlun in Shanghai in 1996 was the beginning of modern primary schools in China.

2

Nanyang public school outer court

It is the earliest public primary school in modern China.

(

1897

In, Sheng Xuanhuai founded Nanyang Public School, which was divided into four schools, and the foreign school was a primary school, which was the earliest public primary school in China.

)

three

、

1904

During the Qing Dynasty, the Guimao academic system was promulgated.

, the school system for the first time to build a primary school auditorium,

Middle school,

School education system with university hall as the main body.

Primary schools have been formally included in the category of compulsory education.

(

Qing * * *

1904

Promulgated "Play"

Primary school charter.

, set up a primary school hall, with a five-year academic system, and the learning object is

seven

At the same time, primary education is compulsory.

Education is the beginning of the first compulsory education in the history of our country.

)

four

Here we are.

19 12

Year,

In the Republic of China, the Ministry of Education changed primary schools to primary schools.

Four academic systems

1

The first modern school system promulgated for the first time in China-Renyin academic system.

2

Guimao school system, the first modern school system implemented in China (the beginning of implementing a new school system)

three

The education system of "being unfaithful and being ugly" is the first one in China's education history, in which men and women are co-educated, reading classics is abolished and schools are changed into schools.

The capitalist education system.

four

Ren Xu's school system is based on the American school system. This is a history of primary education in China.

North of the city, its influence continues until

1949

A few years.

Contemporary primary education

1

、

1986

Year "

compulsory education law of the people's republic of china

》

：

We began to implement nine-year compulsory education,

Marks our country's

Compulsory education has entered a new stage.

2

、

1992

Outline of education reform and development in China in.

Primary schools began to reform for quality education.

three

、

200 1

This year has begun.

eight

Curriculum reform of basic education.

Briefly describe the educational and teaching abilities that teachers should possess.

(A) the ability to learn and organize teaching materials

Teachers must prepare lessons in advance if they want to have a good class. The so-called lesson preparation, first of all, we must study textbooks, understand the knowledge of textbooks, and integrate into our own knowledge; Secondly, we should study the syllabus, teaching materials and students, make clear the teaching purpose, focus and requirements, and make it become the guiding ideology of teachers' teaching; Thirdly, it is necessary to further study the internal relationship between the requirements of teaching purpose, teaching content and students' reality, and try every means to adapt the teaching content to students' acceptance ability, promote students' intellectual development and realize educational purposes. To realize the above three changes, teachers must have the ability to learn and organize teaching materials. The stronger this ability, the better the lesson preparation effect, which is very beneficial to improve the quality of classroom teaching.

(B) to understand and study students' ability

Understanding and studying students deeply is the starting point of teachers' education and teaching, and it is also a basic skill of teachers. Teachers should be good at understanding students' personality and psychological state according to their external performance, such as ideological status, moral level, knowledge base, intelligence level, hobbies, personality and so on. Only by understanding the reality of students can we be targeted, be good at recovering losses and teach students in accordance with their aptitude.

Ability to organize education and teaching activities

In order to ensure the smooth progress and liveliness of education and teaching, teachers should have strong organizational skills. For example, to carry out educational activities, teachers must be good at making plans, mobilizing, cultivating and using backbones, organizing and directing, summarizing and evaluating. In organizing teaching activities, teachers should be good at enlightening, stimulating students' interest, concentrating students' attention, and being good at handling accidental events tactfully. Teachers' ability to organize education and teaching activities contains certain creativity, which requires both knowledge and experience, enthusiasm and unremitting research, summary and tempering in practice.

Good language skills

Language is a tool for expressing and exchanging ideas. The quality of teachers' language expression directly affects the effect of education and teaching. In education and teaching, teachers should pronounce the language accurately and use Putonghua for teaching. Concise, clear, concrete and vivid; Logical, grammatically correct and fluent; Be emotional and infectious. This is also the basic skill of teachers.

(5) the ability to carry out educational scientific research.

Teachers should be good at summing up their own experience in time in their work, and make it sublimate constantly to reach the height of theory; We should be able to consciously apply and verify educational theories and study and explore regular things from a large number of phenomena. Only when teachers have certain educational and scientific research abilities can they constantly improve their work under the guidance of advanced theories, give full play to their talents, make breakthroughs and innovations, and make greater contributions to education.

What are the professional knowledge and abilities of teachers?

Professional ability includes the ability to understand and communicate with others, management ability, educational and scientific research ability and maintenance ability.

The ability to organize activities, social communication, language expression and self-improvement, including planning ability, organization and management ability, observation and analysis ability, and guidance and evaluation ability, can be summarized as: 1, the ability to effectively select and organize educational content 2, the ability to create an environment that supports development 3, the ability to lead and organize 4, and the practical wisdom. Practical wisdom is mainly manifested in transcending knowledge transmission, imparting wit and understanding. In addition, teachers' practical wisdom is also reflected in the design, organization, implementation and evaluation of the educational process.

A summary of the key knowledge of teacher qualification examination

The first section: comprehensive quality, the least difficult subject, many knowledge points are the content of comprehensive literature in high school, belonging to memory test subjects, and it is easy to spend time memorizing.

20 19 The summary of high-frequency test sites for teacher qualification examination in the second half of the year mainly includes the following modules. 1. Professional view (education view, students view, teachers view) 2. Professional ethics (three loves and two lives) 3. Laws and regulations (six laws and one outline) 4. Basic cultural literacy (history, science, literature, art) 5. Professional ethics (professional ethics, interpersonal relationship handling, work regulations of class teachers) Test paper type: 650.

2. Material analysis questions: 30-3 1 (14*2 points) professional view (education view, student view, teacher view)+teachers' professional ethics, do more questions, understand and master. 3. Reading questions: 32 (14* 1) do more questions.

The difficulty is equivalent to the reading level of junior high school, and the answer can basically be found in the text. 4. Composition: 33 (50 points) Read more model essays and summarize the templates.

Different from college entrance examination composition, teachers and students need to combine. Common subjects such as appreciation education, teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, innovative practice, ideal teacher, teacher's love, teacher's example, frustration, moral education, teaching and educating people, dedication, ideals and beliefs, teaching methods, self-education, etc.: Education and teaching knowledge and ability are the only slightly more difficult of the three subjects, involving more knowledge points and rich examination questions, all of which are relatively conventional questions. If we proceed according to the questions of each knowledge point,

Type of middle school paper: 1. Multiple choice questions: 1-2 1 (2 1*2 points) Survey definition 2. Analysis question: 22-25 (8*4 points) to judge right or wrong, and explain the reason 3. Short answer: 26 (65438+) Subject 3: Reading, brushing questions, collecting wrong questions, sorting out notes, and summarizing the key points of subject teaching.

The most important thing to look at is your basic knowledge, so you must think carefully before applying for the subject. Teaching design accounts for the most, do more questions, read more reference answers before the exam, memorize more formats, and summarize more templates (for interview).

What aspects does a teacher's teaching ability include?

Teachers' evaluation ability

1, textbook processing

Whether the goals of knowledge, ability and values are clear, whether the teaching purpose meets the requirements of mathematics curriculum standards and students' reality, and whether the requirements of knowledge, skills, ability training and ideological education are clear, appropriate and feasible.

Whether the teaching objectives are embodied, whether the knowledge explanation is scientific and systematic, whether theory is combined with practice, and whether the understanding and handling of teaching materials are scientific.

The teaching arrangement is gradual, hierarchical, systematic and close.

2. Basic teaching skills

Whether the teaching language is clear, accurate, concise, popular, vivid and logical, and whether Putonghua is used for teaching.

Whether the blackboard design is scientific, neat, perfect, concise, pertinent and clear.

Whether you can skillfully use modern teaching equipment, instruments and modern teaching methods for teaching, demonstration and explanation, and whether demonstration and explanation can be organically combined,

3. Teaching methods

Whether the choice of methods is flexible and diverse, whether it is suitable for the purpose and content of teaching, whether it is suitable for the age characteristics of students, and whether classroom teaching is witty.

Whether to give priority to teachers' explanation, how to embody students' subjectivity in class, whether the choice of teaching principles is scientific and reasonable, and whether it is in line with students' reality.

Whether the time allocation of teachers' lectures, exercises, demonstrations, writing on the blackboard and primary and secondary contents is reasonable, whether they can do intensive lectures and practice more, and strengthen ability training.

Whether to consciously and appropriately use vivid examples to stimulate students' learning motivation, cultivate students' interest in learning and improve teaching efficiency.

4. Teaching effect

Whether teachers can grasp students' feedback information in time and take corresponding control measures for teaching.

Whether the students listen carefully, think positively and speak boldly, and whether their learning enthusiasm is fully mobilized.

Whether the students with good, medium and poor foundation try their best to gain something and improve in a balanced way. How do students master the knowledge and skills of this class and how do they develop their abilities?

What does a teacher's educational and teaching ability include?

Textbooks should meet the requirements of knowledge, ability and values, whether the objectives are clear, whether the teaching objectives meet the requirements of Mathematics Curriculum Standards and students' reality, and whether the requirements for knowledge, skills, ability training and ideological education are clear, appropriate and feasible.

Whether the teaching objectives are embodied, whether the knowledge explanation is scientific and systematic, whether theory is combined with practice, and whether the understanding and handling of teaching materials are scientific. The teaching arrangement is gradual, hierarchical, systematic and close.

2. Whether the teaching language of teaching basic skills is clear, accurate, concise, popular, vivid and logical, and whether Putonghua is used for teaching. Whether the blackboard design is scientific, neat, perfect, concise, pertinent and clear.

Whether you can skillfully use modern teaching equipment, instruments and modern teaching methods for teaching, demonstration and explanation.