I. Individualized education steps
1. Collect information
(1) Basic information: including gender, age, family population, parents' education, work, education, living environment, past medical history, onset time, intelligence level, drug use, evaluation score, reinforcement, etc.
(2) Pre-observation: also known as baseline characteristics, that is, a detailed record of individuals who have decided to implement personalized education, especially an accurate description of the cognitive level of autistic children's thinking, emotional behavior, language communication, social interaction, fine sports, big sports, etc., is a reference for the effectiveness of education. In order to make the index relatively stable and correct, it should last at least half a month.
(3) Preliminary goal: By understanding the basic situation of individuals and observing for half a month, the goal of personalized education plan is preliminarily drawn up. This goal is only an outline, and its scientificity and practicality need to be improved in later practice.
(4) Home-school cooperation: It is not enough for a teacher to educate students alone. The development of students' personality needs a relaxed, harmonious and consistent learning environment and atmosphere, and needs family cooperation. Parents' full cooperation plays an irreplaceable multiplier role in students' good development, avoiding the educational blind spot of "5+2=0".
draw up a plan
(1) Training objectives: It can be divided into long-term objectives and short-term objectives. The long-term goal is the guiding principle of the plan, and the short-term goal is a gradual phased goal formulated around the long-term goal.
(2) Training items: Make training items according to training objectives, mainly focusing on imitation, big exercise, fine movements, hand-eye coordination, language and cognition, self-care and socialization.
(3) Training content: The training content is the concretization and details of the training project, and it is a concrete measure to achieve short-term goals. Should be as detailed as possible, be clear at a glance, and be aware of it.
(4) Training time: mainly the start time and the completion time, and try to mark the time clearly when making periodical record analysis.
(5) Ability expression: According to the training process and completion, it can be divided into independent completion, verbal prompt completion, gesture or expression prompt completion, auxiliary completion, no response (no cooperation) and so on. , and can be further divided according to the specific situation during training.
(6) Interest reflection: mainly divided into active type and social reinforcement type (praise, touching, etc. ), food fortification (fortification), and I'm not interested.
3. Specific operations
Every link of specific operation is related to whether the personalized education plan can achieve the expected effect, and it is the most critical link in the whole personalized education plan.
The most effective methods should be adopted according to the training objectives, training contents, abilities and interests, and the application of behavior analysis and structured training methods can penetrate all training links. For example, when training a student's attention, hand-eye coordination and pen-running ability, we can take the content of tracing lines as an example, first draw vertical lines (considering that top-down pen-running is the simplest and easiest to master), then draw horizontal lines, then draw wave lines (waves from gentle to concave, from round to sharp), and finally combine various shapes (basic graphics-combined graphics-irregular graphics, etc.). ), from easy to difficult.
It is particularly noteworthy that the equipment, auxiliary tools (such as pictures, objects, homework papers), scenes, reinforcements, etc. used in coordination with training have a great influence on the training effect and often play a decisive role, which can never be ignored.
Assess progress
The results of personalized training should be evaluated every other stage. At present, the evaluation methods include natural observation, children's adaptive behavior scale (ADQ), psychological education measurement (PEP), autism behavior scale (ABC) and so on. Evaluation should be based on reality, seek truth from facts, affirm advantages, attach importance to shortcomings, and especially analyze students' new tendencies. Through evaluation, we can fully understand the effectiveness and limitations of the plan for students, make full use of their strengths and make up for their shortcomings; Adjust the inappropriate parts of the plan, such as the requirements are too high or too low, and the training content is too difficult or too easy to continue to implement. Make relevant records immediately during the training (or after the training).
Second, imitation.
1. Yu Wei has a strong imitation ability, but his concentration is difficult, which seriously affects his learning ability.
(1) Operation imitation: For example, watch the teacher draw a simple car or make a block model, and then follow suit. After the teacher finished speaking, he made a gradual transition to imitation.
(2) Imitation of hand movements: especially the imitation of finger movements, and practice nursery rhymes with fingers recorded before, as well as simple rhythms such as XX and XXX, so as to improve understanding and attention.
(3) Imitate pronunciation, focusing on the opening vowel, tone, pronunciation and sentence integrity. Besides teaching him to speak more, it is more important to train him to understand the relationship between language and scenes and grasp this relationship. It is suggested that parents should have instant impromptu training in their daily life.