Mathematically, a matrix refers to a group of complex numbers or real numbers arranged in a rectangular array. It was first put forward by the British mathematician Kelly in the19th century, and consists of coefficients and constants in the equation.
It is a common tool in advanced algebra, and its operation is an important problem in the field of numerical analysis. Decomposition of a matrix into a combination of simple matrices can simplify the operation of the matrix in theory and practical application.