1, Fibonacci series: Fibonacci series is a series starting from 0, 1, and each term after it is equal to the sum of its first two terms. In the process of plant growth, the number of petals, leaves and fruits often conforms to Fibonacci sequence.

2. golden section: golden section refers to dividing a whole into two parts, so that the ratio of one part to the other is equal to the ratio of the whole to the part. In the structure of plants, the golden section law generally exists in the distribution and proportion of petals, leaves, stems and roots.

3. Fractal geometry: Fractal geometry is a geometric system to study self-similarity. In the morphological model of plants, fractal geometry can describe the complexity and self-similarity of branches, roots and leaves.

4. Calculus: Calculus is a mathematical method, which can be used to study the shape change and growth rate of plant leaves and roots, and can also be used to calculate data such as plant growth curve, percentage growth rate, yield and quality.

The growth of plants is also influenced by environmental factors, such as light, temperature, moisture and nutrition. Different plants have different requirements and adaptability to these environmental factors, so the growth law of plants is also different.

Importance of understanding mathematical laws related to plants

Reveal the laws of nature: Mathematical laws are one of the universal laws of nature. By studying the mathematical laws of plants, we can better understand the morphology, growth and distribution of plants and reveal the universal laws of nature.

Auxiliary Botanical Research: Botany, as a science, needs in-depth research on the structure, growth and development of plants. Mathematical laws provide a quantitative tool and method, which can reveal the internal mechanism of plants and assist the in-depth development of botanical research.

Optimize agricultural production: understanding the mathematical laws of plants is helpful to optimize agricultural production. By applying mathematical models and algorithms, we can predict the growth trend of plants, adjust agricultural management strategies, optimize planting density and irrigation schemes, and improve crop yield and quality.