After reading jiang village economy, I can't understand life in the countryside.
However, through the book "jiang village economy" by Mr. Fei Xiaotong, from the detailed description of social relations to social economy, I have a further understanding of the rural features of 1930s.
The essence of jiang village economy is a social investigation report, which is easy to read, but it is not easy to analyze and think: from the family relationship in the investigation area (background) and Jiangcun to the expansion of family property and inheritance, from the relationship within the family to the relationship between households and villages, such a series of "relationships" constitute the later phenomena of consumption, occupation, labor, industry and trade, and finally come down to the foundation of rural economy.
"We must realize that only land reform, reducing land rent and average land ownership can not finally solve the land problem in China. ..... The ultimate solution to the land problem in China is not to tighten farmers' expenses, but to increase farmers' income ... Restoring rural enterprises is the fundamental measure. "
Modern China is no longer China in the 1930s, and the rural areas of modern China are not the rural areas of China at that time. At present, a series of social problems (left-behind children, empty nesters, etc.) such as the increasingly prominent land problem and the flow of surplus labor force. ) all the social realities are in front of us.
We liberated the peasants from the land, but they did not get rich, or the liberated labor force could not revitalize the whole village.
The root of this is the inseparable relationship between rural people and land in China, and the rural culture that has been passed down for thousands of years. But people who grow up in cities now can't understand this culture.
People often understand rural problems from a political point of view, such as low scientific and technological content, large population and less cultivated land, and try to solve these problems by "improving scientific and technological level" and "stabilizing land policy". Jiang village economy explains the reason of this phenomenon from a cultural perspective.
For example, the inheritance of property and the phenomenon of "separation" have led to a large area of land being divided into many pieces and then occupied by countless small families, resulting in very little land per capita. On this basis, will people still consider buying tractors and pumps? Agricultural mechanization is difficult to realize.
In addition, most people are skeptical and exclusive about superstitions, old customs and so on, because we don't need this kind of folk belief to build a society in our city.
However, folk belief is a very important part of rural culture, which comes from people's adjustment of social relations and the relationship between man and nature, and has its full existence rationality. This is rural culture.
This reminds me of a recent movie, Farewell directed by Chinese American Wang Ziyi.
If the cultural difference between China and China is attributed to the difference between collectivism and individualism in the film, it is the strangeness and hesitation of those people who left their native land early to set foot on this land again in an overseas Chinese root-seeking film-they try to prove that they have been here, but often only have a bad Mandarin in the end.
However, accidentally, in the details of the farewell, there is such a sentence from grandma to granddaughter: "There will always be many difficulties in life, but you must be open-minded and never walk into a dead end. Because life lies not only in what you do, but also in how you do it. "
In fact, this is the epitome of China culture: the reason why we attach so much importance to the family and respect the elderly is not simply collectivism and formalism, but because we have attached great importance to history from a long time ago, from our ability to keep records. History has lessons from our ancestors, which can help us avoid detours in our development.
For thousands of years, we have been drawing nourishment from history, but we have never been blindly superstitious. We will practice, and in practice, those eternal truths will become the beacon of the whole nation.
So, just as those who come back from overseas have stereotypes about China culture (even including dwarfing China and insulting China, etc.). ), and how many are deliberate, and how many are misinterpreted and forgotten just because they are too far apart and left for too long?
Then, we children born and raised in the city, even if the elders at home can still talk about our childhood rural life, how afraid are we of rural culture? When it comes to the countryside, we seem to see the pronoun of poverty and backwardness.
Jiang village economy gave me another perspective.
"Before the guys are too good for us. When they saw us coming, they had great hopes. If I only write papers and publish books, what good will it do them? Isn't this too sorry for them? But if you come up with an idea, you will be exhausted and stay up until midnight, but you still can't get on the door. It seems that the spring rain outside the window will be affected again this year. When the rain stopped during the day, I wandered around the fields and looked around. I found that all the land was used, and even the walkways were too narrow to walk. There is little hope of making a new plan on this land. What should we do? "
We all come from the countryside, but not all of us go back to the countryside. I should also be regarded as a child who came out of the village. What should we do?
Read jiang village economy II. When I first heard the name of this book, I always thought it was a field investigation report on rural economic development, but after patiently reading it, I suddenly found that the things mentioned in this book were not that simple.
Although the title of jiang village economy is "Economy", its content covers the consumption, production, distribution and trading of farmers in China. It was written on the basis of a field trip to Kaixiangong Village in the east of China and the southeast bank of Taihu Lake. This book aims to explain the relationship between the local economic system and the local special geographical environment, as well as the small-scale social structure in this area. This small village, like most rural areas in China, is undergoing great changes in the era of gradual economic development. Fei Lao's book mainly illustrates this changing rural economy and its development through field visits.
From the introduction of jiang village economy, I know that this book is Fei Lao's doctoral thesis, so I mainly analyze the basic framework of this book, the preface of the first chapter, in which Fei Lao mainly expounds the importance of this book's investigation. The second chapter is the investigation area, which mainly defines, describes and introduces the concept of "Jiangcun" and the reasons for choosing this area. Chapter 3- 15 mainly introduces the contents closely related to rural development, including the connotation of family, the property and inheritance of Jiangcun, the expansion of blood relationship, the life of households and villages, the occupational differentiation, the work and rest of farmers, the agriculture, land possession, silk industry, sheep raising and selling, trade and capital of Jiangcun. At that time, the direct cause of economic depression was the decline of cottage industry. Land reform, rent reduction and equal land rights alone could not finally solve the land problem in China, but these reforms were also necessary and indispensable means for rural development. At the end of the book, Fei Lao hopes that the "future generation" can face up to the problems of the times and create a brand-new China through this book.
While reading this book, I read the introduction and evaluation of this book on the Internet and got to know the background of this book. I know that Fei Lao didn't stop pursuing academics under the impact of the death of his new wife and serious injuries, and I admire him in my heart. Moreover, in this book, Fei Lao's rigorous and realistic spirit of academics is also worth learning. There are countless investigation reports today, but it is hard to meet people like Fei Lao who use so many professional knowledge such as professional mathematical models in a survey report. Moreover, in this book, the author puts forward constructive suggestions based on his own investigation, which is of great reference significance to the development of rural areas in China!
Jiang village economy Comments 3 The teacher recommended us to read Fei Xiaotong's jiang village economy. The first time I heard the topic, I thought it had nothing to do with our course. Later, the teacher said it was a classic, which deepened my impression. After reading the electronic version of this book downloaded from the Internet, I found that many of his research contents are not clear, but the field investigation methods used in it are worth reading carefully.
Jiang village economy is a field survey based on rural life in the Yangtze River valley. The book is divided into sixteen chapters, covering all aspects of a small village. It is written in great detail, and it also created a new (then) model of rural investigation and research in China. Although it was studied more than 70 years ago, its contribution to China's scientific research can not be ignored, and it is worth reading carefully.
This book breaks the conventional mode of academic research, takes a village as the research point, and makes a detailed investigation of family relations, property and inheritance, households and villages, industry and commerce in rural areas through field investigation, showing us a true panorama of a small village and reflecting the production and living conditions of rural areas in China in the 1930s. The author's research intention is not only to understand the production, life, consumption, distribution and transaction of farmers in Kaixian county, but also to find out the driving force and problems of economic development, which shows that this village has undergone tremendous changes, which also happened in many rural areas of China at that time.
When we study some educational problems, can we draw a general conclusion from this case? The answer is, of course, yes. At present, we don't have rich funds, resources and strong network support, and the research on some macro issues is very one-sided and we can't really grasp the key points. Moreover, for the study of micro-problems, if common investigation and research methods are adopted, it will inevitably become superficial and routine.
This is especially true in education. Therefore, the enlightenment from jiang village economy should be used in our usual educational research. After all, in the future teaching activities, we have to face more individuals. Only by making a thorough case study can we better control the overall situation and grasp the general direction of education.
Reflections on jiang village economy 4 The book jiang village economy was Fei Xiaotong's doctoral thesis when he was studying in Britain, and it was also Fei Lao's first book and famous work. The thesis instructor is a famous anthropologist Malinowski, who praised this book as a "milestone" in the history of anthropology.
Because I have lived in the city since I was a child, I have never been in contact with the countryside. So far, my impression of the countryside is still stuck in imagining the scenery I saw on the high-speed rail in peace. Everything else is vague, but this book tells me what the countryside is like. As Sir E. Denison Ross, quoted by Professor Malinowski in the preface, said after reading this book, "We used to have statistical reports, economic research and novels with strong local flavor-but I never found a book that could instinctively answer all kinds of questions that curious strangers might ask." Jiang village economy is such a book. "With the description of this book, the readers themselves will naturally be taken to the place where the story takes place: the lovely river and the criss-crossing Gongcun. He will see the distribution map of rivers, bridges, temples, rice fields and mulberry trees in the village. In addition, clear photos help to understand the village. He will appreciate the harmonious relationship between specific information, data and clear description. The description of rural life, farmers' living materials, villagers' typical occupations and the perfect definition of solar terms, lunar calendar and land possession all provide readers with an in-depth and accurate information, which is very rare in any relevant literature in China. " (Preface)
It not only gives people knowledge and enlightenment in its professionalism, but also the humanistic spirit, moral standards and social responsibility embodied in the book can give readers an infinite sense of mission.
Although Mr. Fei Xiaotong only conducted two months' field investigation and research on Kaixiangong Village, the south bank of Taihu Lake, this book is worthy of the reputation of an old horse. It initiated the study of China society, especially the local society, and explored such a' feasible road' for the transformation of social and economic structure to modern times from the internal logic of China's traditional social and economic structure-the mixed local economy of agriculture and industry. This is of pioneering significance to the transformation of China society, especially the traditional rural society to the modern society.
At the same time, jiang village economy's research methods from micro to macro and from small to large, as well as the investigation and research methods that go deep into the community and participate in observation in an all-round way are also worth learning. Moreover, the phenomenon observed by Fei Lao from his unique perspective in jiang village economy still needs further study. With the continuous development of the economy, institutional policies may lag behind, which requires continuous improvement of the social system. Of course, in the process of improvement, we should seriously study and study jiang village economy, a masterpiece of social investigation, from which we can learn the thinking mode and unique perspective of the masters. As the pillars of the country, we still have a long way to go.
After reading jiang village economy, the sociology and life teacher strongly recommended this book in the first class to let foreigners know about jiang village economy, which is a must-read publication in China and a milestone in the development of anthropological field investigation and theoretical work. With curiosity and admiration, I opened the first page of the book.
In the eastern part of China, there is a small village called Kaixian Palace Village. Through small-scale in-depth field investigation, from macro to micro, through micro-analysis, the blending and cooperation of traditional forces and action forces, how the social system changed at that time, people's inherent concepts and social composition, this small village has the characteristics of China society. As a microcosm, it is very convenient to carry out this research in a compact residential area where farmers gather.
In the preface, I learned that Kaixian village was one of the important centers of China's domestic silk industry at that time, taking it as a representative example in the process of China's industrial transformation, and exploring social problems from the change of the system in which factories replaced cottage industries. The whole book discusses in detail from three aspects: region, interpersonal relationship and existence, and integrates theory with practice, which embodies an author or scholar's position of seeking truth from facts and objective and pragmatic scientific spirit. The content of the book is very rich, but what impressed me most is the analysis of the unit "home".
The basic social group in rural areas is home. Compared with the narrow understanding of it now, in Kaixiangong village at that time, it represented the protection for the elderly who lost their ability to work and was the basic unit to promote the continuation of family cooperation in society.
Because of the influence of traditional feudal ideas and economic pressure at that time, the infant mortality rate was high, and all kinds of absurd ideas have now become tacit rules in the society at that time. At least, the "full moon" shaved its head and gave birth in name, which brought a kind of psychological comfort. I don't know if this is a kind of ideological sorrow, but not agreeing with it doesn't mean that I can't understand it. At least I can look at the current situation at the moment. I can understand the existence of this phenomenon, because the bondage of traditional old ideas makes learning uninterested and unimportant, and it is not surprising that it is indifferent to motherhood. This is a fact and an unchangeable history.
I am also very interested in the description of marriage problems in Kaixian county. First of all, as in other regions, children's marriage events are completely arranged by their parents and obey this arrangement. According to the parents' instructions, the married parties don't know each other and avoid seeing each other after engagement. However, why is the failure rate of this marriage without emotional foundation not as high as we thought? Perhaps they were ashamed of their divorce at that time, or perhaps true love and freedom were difficult for them to satisfy and seek at that time. It also introduces cousin marriage and "kannika nimtragol". A girl married the son of her father's sister and named him "Shang Shantou". "Xia Shang" means family prosperity. A girl married her mother's brother's son and was named "homecoming girl", which was considered unfavorable to this family. In fact, it is analyzed from a scientific point of view. But for a long time, it has been regarded as a standard to measure whether the family is harmonious or not. The only consolation is that in the author's investigation and research data, we have analyzed that from the perspective of marriage rate and people's attention, traditional marriage is still the main system, and the "little daughter-in-law" system is despised because it was born in the period of economic depression and is usually done by poor families.
Comparing the present social form with the past, the promotion of women's social status and the emergence of freedom of love and marriage are all manifestations of social development and progress. Those phenomena that we can't understand now are not right or wrong in the social background at that time.
After reading this book, I have a better understanding of the state of a village, a society and even a country at that time. I also realize that with the advance of the wheel of history, the society is becoming more and more perfect and progressive, and the traditional decadent social model is constantly being replaced. Only by taking history as a mirror, attaching importance to people's hearts and listening to them can Socialism with Chinese characteristics be better built.
Reflections on jiang village economy 6 I finally finished reading Fei Lao's jiang village economy carefully today. I'm really ashamed. I just finished reading it for nearly three weeks because of some trivial things. Because I didn't read it all at once, I have to brush the front again next time. Although I think it is quite thorough, I am ashamed of this efficiency …
I think the biggest gain after reading this book is to experience the research methods of social anthropology. From all aspects of the author's elaboration, we can see the author's meticulous analysis of social system functions. Moreover, this kind of analysis is not an armchair strategist, it combines with the actual needs, and it is an investigation and study done by a scholar at a certain height, which embodies the author's position of seeking truth from facts and objective and pragmatic scientific spirit.
This book is easy to understand, and there are no obscure terms. It describes the consumption, production, distribution and trading system of farmers in the Arc de Triomphe Village in an easy-to-understand narrative way, with clear structure and clear logic. The second chapter expounds why the Arc de Triomphe Village is chosen as the investigation object and the general situation of the Arc de Triomphe Village. Chapters 3 to 6 describe the characteristics of rural areas in China at that time, and introduce the actual situation of the Arc de Triomphe Village. Starting from the seventh chapter, it is the focus of this book, which describes the life, professional differentiation, work and rest, agriculture, land possession, silk industry, sheep raising and selling, trade and capital of Triumph Palace Village respectively. Among them, I was particularly impressed by the chapter on land possession. Land is really the lifeblood of farmers. Land is as important to farmers as water is to fish. Fish can't live without water. Similarly, farmers can't survive without land, so when land belongs only to the landlord class, farmers will eventually rise up against exploitation.
However, now that the land is publicly owned, will farmers have a better life if they have the right to use the land? I can't answer directly. A large number of migrant workers have emerged in recent years, which may give some answers. Some of them even make their land barren, but they have to go to tempting cities to earn what they think is better than farming with low-end labor. Is there not enough land? Or the quality of the land is not good? Or maybe the economic benefits brought by land are too low? With the deepening of reform, opening up and marketization in China, the problems of farmers and land deserve our further consideration and exploration. Perhaps this is the mission of my major "Agricultural Technology Extension"?
Reflections on jiang village economy 7 The significance of jiang village economy, perhaps for the post-90s generation, has enriched our understanding of the history of that era. Especially for a liberal arts student like me, what I know in history class is only a part beautified by textbooks, and we know little about the real historical facts. And the life of farmers in China mentioned in it is very close to our life.
In the past rural economic research, we all know that the feudal system in ancient China was inherited by men, and the status of women was as low as dust. And this book details the situation at that time. Small villages like Kaixiangong are closed and self-sufficient, continuing the patriarchal family inheritance system. I have always felt that men and women should be treated equally, and even women should get more respect, because it is such a group that human beings can continue. However, the book says that the limited land needs to control the population, which makes the killing of baby girls more frequent. Women's identity will only be confirmed after giving birth to a baby boy, and daughters are not qualified to inherit their parents' property.
After reading it, I recalled what I had learned before, and the status of women has always been so low. From the Western Zhou Dynasty, the eldest son inheritance system, from three obedience, four virtues, three cardinal guides and five permanents, and from the educational system and political system, we have never paid attention to women's rights. As for their happiness, their marriage is just the fate of their parents and the words of a matchmaker, and sometimes it is like a victim or exchange in business and officialdom. The water spilled by the married daughter can't go back to her family, and she has no right to inherit and serve her parents, and her husband's family doesn't treat her as one of their own. Even they can't even find a way out for themselves, so they can only "divorce". This situation was not alleviated until the Republic of China, only a little.
Up to now, although equality between men and women has been advocated, on the other hand, has it really been achieved? Let's take the following example: in order to prevent the death of a baby girl, isn't it not allowed to test the sex of the fetus? Why is the second child policy that only girls can have a second child and boys can't? Isn't it good to have a daughter? Isn't it because of these that the gender ratio between men and women is unbalanced? I have seen an extreme example before. Why a neutral girl like Chris Lee is popular is essentially a respect for men. Maybe I'm a little extreme in saying this. After all, I am also a girl. When I see that women are treated unfairly, I feel * * * in my heart. However, the unfair treatment of women is an indelible fact. This is why I have special feelings for this chapter. Chapter 10, Agriculture, impressed me the most. I come from Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province. Different from the modern metropolis, there are still some uncultivated cultivated land here. The author's arrangement of farmland, rice planting, science and witchcraft all remind me of the land in the suburbs of my hometown. The author's careful observation, grasp of various details and his social investigation methods are all necessary for public management students. Under the same blue sky, I know nothing about agriculture in my hometown.
There is also the problem of land ownership in chapter 1 1, which is illustrated by the examples encountered in the investigation. People are immersed in the scene, which fully shows the local farmers' understanding of village land, rivers and lakes, and at the same time, they are attached to the land and expect to take care of it. This way of expression, you can say what you see and think through concise language, so that others can understand. This ability is also what we should learn through the course "Social Investigation Methods". I can't help but think of the documentary that Chai Jing spent a year filming under the dome some time ago, which caused great repercussions in a short time, but then all kinds of negative news followed. Some people say that she is sponsored by a laboratory in the United States, while others reveal her private life. She enjoys a good reputation abroad. She was once called the heroine of CCTV reporters and reported many inside stories that other journalists were afraid to report. Fei Xiaotong, who was little known in China at first, caused great repercussions abroad. Some people regard this book as a textbook for studying farmers in China. What I want to say is that there is no shortage of people in China who will report and record the investigation. There are many people like Professor Fei Xiaotong who are willing to fight for the investigation and reporting that will benefit the society all their lives. What is lacking is our respect and love for these heroes.